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Data mining is a procedure of extracting the requisite information from unprocessed records by using certain methodologies and techniques. Data having sentiments of customers is of utmost importance for managers and decision-makers who intend to monitor the progress, to maintain the quality of their products or services and to observe the latest market trends for business support. Billions of customers are using micro-blogging websites and social media for sharing their opinions about different topics on daily basis. Therefore, it has become a source of acquiring information but to identify a particular feature of a product is still an issue as the information retrieves from varied sources. We proposed a framework for data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction and used three supervised machine-learning algorithms for classification of customers' sentiments. The proposed framework also tested to evaluate the system's performance. Our proposed methodology will be helpful for researchers, service providers, and decisionmakers.

The Banī Halba are an Arabic-speaking ethnic group who live in the Southern part of the Darfur Region in the Sudan. They are one of the Baggāra (cattle-rearing) ethnic groups who inhabit a curve-like belt in the Southern Darfur and Kordofan Regions. According to the 1955-56 population census, the last reliable census, their population was about 50,000. The Banī Halba inhabit an area which lies to the southwest of Nyala, approximately between latitudes 11 degrees and 12 degrees N., and longitudes 23½ degrees and 25 degrees E. They have a subsistence economy, the resources of which are animals (mainly cattle with a few goats), land, and hashāb trees, the producers of gum Arabic. The animals are privately owned by individual households, but land is communally owned and everybody has equal access to it. The ethnic group has two sectors-a nomadic sector and a sedentary one. The sedentary sector lives on farming and the nomads migrate south westwards in the harvesting season in search of water and grass for their cattle. They spend winter and summer there and then migrate back to the homeland at the onset of the rainy season. The two main sections of the ethnic group are Awlād Jābir and Awlād Jubāra, each having six main sub sections. This structure is hereditary and each individual is a member of a household. A group of households forms both a social and an administrative unit headed by a sheikh (pl. mashāyikh). A number of sheikhs forms a larger unit headed by a cumda. All the cumad (pl. of cumda) used to owe allegiance to a paramount head, the Nāẓir. The administration of the ethnic group is thus organically linked to its social structure. In 1971, however, the government cancelled the paramount headship and maintained the mashāyikh and cumad. The Banī Halba are Muslims. The different facets of their life and culture are those of a nomadic Muslim Arab community. Kinship is an important social institution in their community and their group consciousness and sense of solidarity are very strong. Moral values such as courage, hospitality, respect for neighbors, and the like are highly regarded. The different aspects of their life and culture are interdependent, and there is a continuous interplay between them.--Introduction.

Histories of statistics and quantification have demonstrated that systems of statistical knowledge participate in the construction of the objects that are measured. However, the pace, purpose, and scope of quantification in state bureaucracy have expanded greatly over the past decades, fuelled by (neoliberal) societal trends that have given the social phenomenon of quantification a central place in political discussions and in the public sphere. This is particularly the case in the field of education. In this article, we ask what is at stake in state bureaucracy, professional practice, and individual pupils as quantification increasingly permeates the education field. We call for a theoretical renewal in order to understand quantification as a social phenomenon in education. We propose a sociology-of-knowledge approach to the phenomenon, drawing on different theoretical traditions in the sociology of knowledge in France (Alain Desrosi eres and Laurent Th evenot), England (Barry Barnes and Donald MacKenzie), and Canada (Ian Hacking), and argue that the ongoing quantification practice at different levels of the education system can be understood as cultural processes of self-fulfilling prophecies. ; publishedVersion

International audience ; We present the comparison and combination of two different semi automatic classification methods: an original linguistic based analysis, named extended lexical patterns (motifs lexicaux étendus, MLE) and a machine learning approach (SVM). Classification is supervised because of the use of a thesaurus containing the definition of categories. First, both systems are used and evaluated separately on the same real dataset: law and parliament documents in French. Quite unexpectedly, MLE performs as well as a state-of-the-art method such as SVM. During the second step, the combined method gave a performance improvement which underlines the complementarities of both basis methods. ; Dans le contexte de l'indexation semi-automatique de textes, nous présentons la comparaison et la combinaison de deux méthodes de classification mettant en oeuvre des approches différentes : analyse par une méthode originale à forte composante linguistique que nous nommons motifs lexicaux étendus (MLE) d'une part et apprentissage artificiel SVM d'autre part. La classification est de type supervisée car elle exploite un ensemble de catégories définies par un thésaurus documentaire. Dans un premier temps, les deux systèmes sont appliqués et évalués séparément sur un même jeu de données réelles, des textes de type législatif et parlementaire en français. De manière quelque peu inattendue, la méthode MLE permet d'atteindre des performances tout à fait compétitives par rapport à la technique state-of-the-art que constitue SVM. Les méthodes sont ensuite combinées dans le but d'obtenir une performance finale supérieure aux performances individuelles. Le gain obtenu indique une complémentarité entre les deux méthodes.

AbstractThis paper argues that social theory can cast light on some of the main themes in current debates about trans issues. It considers four such themes: social classification and social control; tensions between individual and group rights; access to public spaces; and the relationship between personal pronouns and social identity. In so doing, it seeks to reframe local disagreement and polemic through more general questions about our modes of living together, and concludes that these debates are at bottom about the future of civility.