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Black and white photographs. Newspaper clipping of Pharr in 1916, the train station is depicted "About the only feature in this picture recognizable in the Pharr of today is the railroad station in the backgroung. Note horsedrawn carryall and ancient vintage car in the foreground. Horse under tree at extreme right belonged to Tom Mayfield, first Pharr city marshall". Scouts on horse. ; https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/johnrpeavey/1070/thumbnail.jpg

This article seeks to lay a theoretical foundation of the internal decentralization (decentralization in the localmunicipality): its essence and content are defined, the main forms as well as the kinds of forms are identified. Thisis performed by using theoretical propositions of decentralization in the state (at the state level) following differentresearchers' works and verifying whether they are suitable for local municipalities of Lithuania and other countries.In the article the set goal is being sought by these actions:1) the origin and the meaning of the word "decentralization" are explained;2) the essence and the content of decentralization in the state (at the state level) are defined;3) the essence and the content of decentralization in the local municipality are defined, its main forms andkinds of forms are named;4) currently the most frequently applied forms of internal decentralization in local municipalities of othercountries are submitted.In the opinion of the author of the article, decentralization in the local municipality (or internal decentralizationin the local municipality) means the transfer of the powers assigned to municipal bodies, which belong to ahigher hierarchical level, to a subordinate or non-subordinate bodies, which belong to a lower hierarchical level, ordivision of powers to a bigger number of bodies of the same hierarchical level. The bodies that have received thesepowers are guaranteed some discretion to make decisions and operate. Moreover, a certain interaction (relations,responsibilities) between the bodies that have transferred the powers and the ones that have received those powersis foreseen.From the author's of the article point of view, the internal decentralization in the local municipality isperformed by these forms:1) deconcentration;2) transfer of powers (delegation);3) fiscal decentralization;4) economic decentralization.The author thinks that at present the most frequently applied forms of internal decentralization in municipalitiesof different countries are the ...

Sehr umfassend und detailliert wird ein weites Spektrum an Teilgebieten modernen Arbeitsschutzes abgedeckt. Viel Raum wird den Gefährdungsfaktoren für Unfälle und Erkrankungen eingeräumt, am umfangreichsten sind die Ausführungen zu konkreten Gestaltungs- und Maßnahmenfeldern. Hierbei wird nicht nur die Gestaltung von Arbeitsstätten, -mitteln und Schutzausrüstungen thematisiert, sondern auch flankierende Bereiche wie Arbeitszeit und Unterweisungen bzw. Schulungen zur Gefahrenvermeidung. Diese Kernthemen werden ergänzt durch Kapitel zur organisatorischen Einbindung des Arbeitsschutzes ins Unternehmen, zu Wirtschaftlichkeitsfragen und zur betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung. Wenn auch der Praxisbezug besonders ausgeprägt ist, werden aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse einschlägiger Institute, z.B. des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation, berücksichtigt. Kompetentes Buch vor allem für Hochschul- und Industriestandorte. (3)