Suchergebnisse

The Colombian legislation through the resolution 1401 of 2007 and the act 1295 of 1994 establishes the follow– up to the fulfillment of the recommendations derived of fatal accidents as an obligation for the risk management company (named in Colombia ARL). Objective: this research approaches the process of follow-up of the actions derived from the causal analysis of the serious and fatal work accidents in regional place of a Colombian ARL. Methods: for an initial diagnosis, the process of follow – up was characterized from the perspective of stakeholders involved through the application of tools of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Such as survey and systematic observation whose results generated a SWOT matrix and a flow chart. Results: the generated results allowed constructing a methodology articulated to some offers of improvement. For its construction this methodology uses different tools like Hierarchic Analysis of Processes (AHP) applied to a group of experts. Management of processes and time study. To validate the designed methodology we were implemented some tools in a pilot test in which follow-up is realized to the recommendations of punctual work accidents. Conclusion: Is important to emphasize that the methodology designed. in addition to formalizing the process. is going to impact both economically and the relationship person-hours by reducing operating times and expected on the long term its promoting the prevention of accidents at work by the same causes. ; La legislación Colombiana a través de la resolución 1401-2007 y el decreto Ley 1295-1994 establece el seguimiento al cumplimiento de las recomendaciones derivadas de la investigación de los accidentes de trabajo graves y mortales como una obligación para las ARLs y dado el potencial aumento en la ocurrencia de estos casos. se ha hecho necesario incorporar diferentes procedimientos para dar cumplimiento al seguimiento de este tipo de eventos que repercuten a todos los actores implicados (Empleadores. ARL. Trabajadores. entre otros). Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de seguimiento de las acciones derivadas del análisis causal de los accidentes de trabajo graves y mortales de una ARL Colombiana. Métodos: Descriptivo transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 51 actores involucrados en el proceso. Como método de recolección de información se utilizó una encuesta y la observación, se utilizó análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. Resultados: Los resultados generados (matriz DOFA y flujograma del proceso) permitieron construir una metodología articulada a unas propuestas de mejora haciendo uso de herramientas entre las que se encuentran el Análisis Jerárquico de Procesos (AHP siglas en inglés) aplicado a grupo de expertos, gestión de procesos y estudio de tiempos. Finalmente se implementaron algunas. Conclusión: La metodología diseñada evidenció un impacto en la relación horas–hombre al disminuir tiempos de operación y se espera impacto en el largo plazo al fomentar la prevención de accidentes de trabajo por las mismas causas derivadas del trabajo.

The general issues of competitiveness of transnational corporations have been considered. Research of the problem of competitiveness of Russian transnational corporations on the world market and the formation of their competitive advantages for sustainable development in a globalized economy has been сonducted. The author's interpretation of the concept of "enterprise competitiveness" has been proposed.In a global liberalized economy, transnational corporations have the opportunity to influence geopolitical issues in international trade and employment, as well as dictate their own rules. The constant increase in the level of competitiveness of a small group of transnational corporations has been noted in the article, the format of competition in industry and regional markets is often oligopolistic. Building a true global strategy for the development of transnational corporations and obtaining a competitive advantage by them is impossible without sufficient knowledge of current trends in globalization: globalization of the market, globalization of costs, globalization of competition, globalization of government policies. The methods of obtaining competitive advantages of transnational corporations have been adduced and сharacterized.For Russian transnational corporations, the issue of their competitiveness is very acute in the markets of rapidly turning goods or in the markets of new technologies. Factors, hindering the growth of the competitiveness of Russian corporations: incorrect corporate policies, leading to inefficiency of personnel motivation, corporate culture, inconsistency with international standards, incorrect alignment of the global strategy, lack of reciprocity principles and correct negotiation. This creates a negative image of the company, which affects its position, and subsequently its competitiveness. Competitiveness is one of the most important factors for ensuring the sustainable development of the economy of Russian corporations. The criteria for assessing sustainability, the corporations should meet have been suggested. ; Рассмотрены общие вопросы конкурентоспособности транснациональных корпораций. Проведено исследование проблемы конкурентоспособности российских транснациональных корпораций на мировом рынке и формирования у них конкурентных преимуществ для устойчивого развития в условиях глобализации экономики. Предложена авторская трактовка понятия «конкурентоспособность предприятия».В условиях глобальной либерализованной экономики транснациональные корпорации имеют возможность влиять на геополитические вопросы в международной торговле и занятости, а также диктовать свои правила. В статье отмечено постоянное увеличение уровня конкурентоспособности небольшой группы транснациональных корпораций, формат конкуренции на отраслевых и региональных рынках чаще всего является олигопольным. Построение верной глобальной стратегии развития транснациональных корпораций и получение ими конкурентных преимуществ невозможно без достаточных знаний о современных тенденциях глобализации, рынка, затрат, конкуренции, политики правительств. Приведены и охарактеризованы способы получения конкурентных преимуществ транснациональных корпораций.Для российских транснациональных корпораций вопрос их конкурентоспособности стоит очень остро на рынках быстро оборачиваемых товаров или на рынках новых технологий. Определены факторы, препятствующие росту уровня конкурентоспособности российских корпораций: неверная политика корпораций, приводящая к неэффективности мотивации персонала, корпоративной культуры, несоответствие международным стандартам, неверное выстраивание глобальной стратегии, отсутствие принципов взаимности и верного ведения переговоров. Это формирует негативный имидж компании, который сказывается на ее положении, а впоследствии и на конкурентоспособности.Конкурентоспособность является одним из наиболее важных факторов обеспечения устойчивого развития экономики российских корпораций. Предложены критерии оценки устойчивости, которым им следует соответствовать

Magistritöö Majandusarvestus ja finantsjuhtimise erialal ; 2017. aastal jõustunud haldusreformi järgselt pole analüüsitud kohalike omavalitsusüksuste avaliku teenuste kvaliteedi muutust. Avaliku võimekuse suurendamiseks ja tugevdamiseks andis Vabariigi Valitsus võimaluse kohalikele omavalitsustele vabatahtlikult üksteisega liituda, et parandada valdade ja osavaldade suhteid ja tööstruktuuri. Magistritöö eesmärk on selgitada välja haldusreformiga kaasnevat kohaliku omavalitsuste avalike teenuste kvaliteedi muutust Pärnu linna ja osavaldade näitel. Uurimisülesannete lahendamiseks tuleb tutvuda erinevate kirjandusallikatega. Kirjandust on kohalike omavalitsuste kujunemise ja haldusreformi toimumise kohta piisavalt nii raamatutes, kogumikes, teadusartiklites kui ka internetis. Kvantitatiivses osas analüüsitakse Pärnu linna ja osavaldade eelarve tulude ja kulude ning investeeringute kasutamist perioodil 2017–2018. Analüüsi läbiviimiseks on autor kasutanud Pärnu linna ja osavaldade poolt koostatud 2017–2018 aastate eelarveid, Pärnu linna ja osavaldade majandusaastate eelarve täitmise aruandeid ning arengukavasid ning asjakohaste isikutega intervjuusid. Lähtudes magistritöö eesmärgist ning uuringu tulemustest on võimalik järeldada, et tekkinud kohalikul omavalitsustel on nii positiivseid kui ka negatiivseid mõjusid. Positiivseteks mõjudeks on piirkondlik terviklikkus, tsentraliseeritud teenistujate struktuur, tulude suurenemine, investeerimisprogrammi laiendamine. Negatiivseteks mõjudeks on kulude suurenemine, umbusaldus omavalitsuses Pärnu linn. Ettepanekute seisukohalt tuleb omavalitsusel koostada ühtne arengukava ning parandada avaliku teave ja pakutavate IT-teenuste kättesaadavust. ; Following the administrative reform that came into force in 2017, the change in the quality of public services of local governments has not been analyzed. In order to increase and strengthen public capacity, the Government of the Republic gave local governments the opportunity to join each other voluntarily in order to improve the relations and work structure of rural municipalities and parishes. The aim of the Master's thesis is to identify the change in the quality of public services provided by local governments, based on the example of the city of Pärnu and its parishes. Various sources of literature need to be consulted to solve research tasks. Literature is enough on local government formation and administrative reform in books, collections, scientific articles and the Internet. In quantitative terms, the use of revenues and costs and investments of Pärnu city and subdivisions budget in 2017–2018 will be analyzed. To carry out the analysis, the author has used the budgets of 2017–2018 prepared by the City of Pärnu and its subdivisions, the reports on the budget execution of Pärnu and its parishes and the development plans. Based on the goal of the Master's thesis and the results of the study, it can be concluded that the local governments that have emerged have both positive and negative effects. Positive effects include regional integrity, the structure of centralized staff, increased revenue, expansion of the investment program. Negative effects are increased costs, distrust in the municipality of Pärnu city. From the point of view of the proposals, the municipality has to prepare a unified development plan and improve public information and the availability of the IT services offered.

Cities in Central and Eastern Europe are a subject of interest for researchers, as their evolution has followed particular trajectories in view of their complex history. However, often, the transformations of the cities of Central and Eastern European countries are analysed by taking into account only the political and socio-economic changes and not from the point of view of morphological and functional evolution. Thus, this thesis proposes a quantitative approach in what concerns the analysis of both the morphological changes of the cities of Central and Eastern Europe before and after the collapse of communism as well as the functional changes of the post-socialist period, both doubled by an exploratory analysis of spatial and socio-economic capacity of resilience of cities in the short and long term. Therefore, this thesis aims to add the spatial dimension to the socio-economic and political analysis of the post-socialist city of Central and Eastern Europe, by questioning the similarities and dissimilarities that characterize them. Our results show a rather heterogeneous territory of Central and Eastern Europe, with West-East fractures at the regional level, as well as at the national level. The city of Central and Eastern Europe is outlined as an urban model that seeks to reconcile the legacy of the past, including the socialist legacy, with the new demands of the market economy, which spatially translates into the emergence of a similar city, but in the same time different from that of Western Europe, which he seeks to match, fact that proves its complex context of evolution. ; Les villes d'Europe centrale et orientale suscitent l'intérêt des chercheurs, car leur évolution a suivi des trajectoires particulières vu leur histoire complexe. Mais le plus souvent leurs transformations sont recensées à partir des changements politiques et socio-économiques et non pas du point de vue de l'évolution morphologique et fonctionnelle. Cette thèse propose une démarche d'analyse quantitative à la fois des changements morphologiques des villes d'Europe centrale et orientale avant et après l'effondrement de communisme, ainsi que des changements fonctionnels dans la période post-socialiste, les deux doublées par une analyse exploratoire de la capacité de résilience spatiale et socio-économique des villes à court et à long terme. Par conséquent, cette thèse vise à ajouter la dimension spatiale à l'analyse socio-économique et politique de la ville post-socialiste de l'Europe centrale et orientale, en questionnant les similarités et les dissimilarités qui les caractérisent. Nos résultats montrent un territoire d'Europe centrale et orientale assez hétérogène, avec des fractures ouest-est au niveau régional (dans l'ensemble du territoire), mais également au niveau national. La ville d'Europe centrale et orientale s'esquisse dans un modelé urbain conciliant l'héritage du passé, y compris l'héritage socialiste, avec les nouvelles demandes de l'économie de marché, ce qui se traduit spatialement par l'émergence d'une ville qui se rapproche du modèle de la ville d'Europe de l'Ouest, tout en restant différente.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню трендів розвитку роздрібної торгівлі в умовах цифрової економіки в світових масштабах та тенденцій електронної комерції в економіці України. Стрімкі темпи розвитку інноваційних Інтернет технологій суттєво змінили підходи до організації роздрібної торгівлі та ведення торгівельної діяльності в умовах викликів цифрової економіки. Відтак, у сучасній економіці електронну комерцію слід розглядати як інноваційну форму роздрібної торгівлі як наслідок, управляти нею з урахуванням сучасних тенденцій.В ході досліджень проаналізовано основні світові тренди розвитку електронної комерції, виокремлено десять ключових відмінностей сучасної електронної торгівлі від традиційної концепції роздрібної торгівлі, зокрема: прозорість та екологічність, стримування повернення товарів, регіональне оподаткування, Progressive Web App (PWA), соціальні мережі, штучний інтелект, маркування QR-кодом, Інтернет-магазини - маркетплейси, сегмент покупців-автомобілістів, синдикований контент.Розкрито головні тенденції розвитку електронної торгівлі в Україні, визначено десять основних напрямків розвитку в сучасних умовах діджиталізації економіки, зокрема: технології AR і VR, розвиток cashless, безпека електронного документообігу, онлайн-сервіси перевірки надійності, послуги trade-in, мобільний пошук магазинів, сервіси зворотного зв'язку, бізнес-моделі дропшіппінгу, власні торгові марки, програми лояльності в CRM.Засвідчено статистичними даними, що за показниками Global Competitiveness Index 2018 не зважаючи на несприятливі умови політико-економічного середовища Україна має значний потенціал у розвитку індустрії електронної комерції завдяки достатньо високому рівню освіти населення, можливостей розвитку ринку, ступеню адоптації ІКТ та можливості впровадження інновацій. ; The article is devoted to the research of retail trade trends in the digital economy on a global scale and trends of e-commerce in the Ukrainian economy.The rapid growth of development of innovative Internet technologies has significantly changed the approaches to the organization of retail and trading activities in the face of the challenges of the digital economy.Therefore, in the modern economy, e-commerce should be considered as an innovative form of retail trade and, as a result, should be managed in accordance with modern trends.The research analyzed the main global trends of e-commerce development, identified ten key differences of modern e-commerce from the traditional concept of retail trade, in particular: transparency and environmental friendliness, deterrence of goods return, regional taxation, Progressive Web App (PWA), social networks, artificial intelligence, labeling with QR code, online stores - marketplaces, a segment of customers-motorists, syndicated content.The main trends in the development of e-commerce in Ukraine are revealed, ten key directions of development in modern conditions of the digitalization economy are identified, in particular: AR and VR technologies, cashless development, electronic document security, online reliability testing services, trade-in services, mobile search for stores, feedback services, drop shipping business models, own trade brands, loyalty programs in the CRM.Witnessed by statistics, that, according to figures Global Competitiveness Index 2018 and despite the unfavorable political and economic environment, Ukraine has significant potential in the development of e-commerce industry due to a fairly high level education of the population, opportunities of market development, the degree of ICT adaptation and innovation opportunities.

One of the basic and strategic goals of post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina is a full membership in the European Union. During 1992-1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina has passed through one of the most difficult periods in its' history. The war has completely devastated the economical structure and the aftermaths were visible in the following years. As a new paradigm, the European Union appears. The European Union has helped the Western Balkans countries to overcome national tensions and offered them a new perspective; new regional and european integrations should be a new, historical chance for them. In the light of this, the focus of this paper is the impact of trade liberalization between the European Union and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the export from Bosnia and Herzegovina to European Union. The above mentioned impact has been observed in the period of eleven years. The total export amount of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2015 was 4,6 billion euros, while the amount of the import was 8,1 billion euros, which makes nearly 60% in favor of import. Traditionally, Bosnia and Herzegovina's most important foreign trade partner is the European Union where Bosnia and Herzegovina has a deficit in foreign trade. The portion of export to EU during 2015 was 71,79% while the portion of import was 60,85%. The coverage of import over export was 66,89%. In the period of 2005-2015, most of the products have been placed to markets in Croatia, Germany, Italy, and Serbia, which is not the EU member. The process of trade liberalization in 2015 has resulted in surplus of trade with certain EU countries; Austria, Luxembourg and Estonia while the decrease in trade has been recorded with Germany, Slovenia and Czech Republic. Regarding the export, Bosnia and Herzegovina mailny places products which have labour-intensive character. In the econometrics analysis, extented gravitational models of trade have been placed. Besides the abovementioned, the following econometrical techinques have been used: panel data models (PD), fixed effecs models (RE) and panel corrected standard errors (PCSE). In addition, Hausman test has been applied. According to the analysis that has been carried out, the following has been concluded; InGDPi, InGDPj and InDISTij variables are statistically important on the level of 5% in the period of gradual liberalization. The SSP1 an EK variables are not siginificant.In the other moder, in the period of complete liberalization InGDPi, InGDPj and SSP2 variables have a significant impact on a dependent variable on a level of 5%. InDISTij and EK variables have a significant impact on a level od 5% as well. The above mentioned result confirm the research hypothesis; trade liberalization has a significant impact on the export of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the EU. The basic limit of this research can be a relatively short observation period, caused by the fact that the data of merchandise trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU countries until 2005 are not accessible.

Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia implies that the natural resources which belong to the State are used for the prosperity of the people of Indonesia. Thus, in carrying out the mandate of the Constitution to create justice for the community and national economic development of employment including foreign workers, the government should provide a good mechanism and supervision so that there will be no gap between the mandate of the constitution and the acceleration of economic development involving foreign workers. Labor inspection done by a separate working unit in the agency whose scope of duties and responsibilities is in the field of employment is in the central government, provincial government, and district/ city government. This study used a normative-empirical approach, where the researcher examined the law and its implementation regarding the roles of district/ city governments in the supervision of foreign workers. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of the roles of district/ city governments in overseeing foreign workers in their regions. The results of the study showed that the roles of district/ city governments in carrying out the supervision of foreign workers in Indonesia were not regulated by laws of No. 23 of 2014 concerning regional government, PP No. 20 of 2018 concerning the use of foreign workers, and Minister of Manpower Regulation No.10 of 2018 concerning procedures for the use of foreign workers. Thus, its implementation made it difficult for district/ city governments to oversee the presence of foreign workers in their areas. ; Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945, mengisyaratkan bahwa kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalam negara dipergunakan untuk kemakmuran rakyat, maka pemerintah dalam menjalankan amanah konstitusi. Agar terciptanya keadilan bagi masyarakat dan pembagunan ekonomi nasional lapangan kerja yang melibatkan tenaga kerja asing, haruslah ada mekanisme dan pengawasan yang baik agar tidak terjadinya kesenjangan antara amanat konstitusi dengan percepatan pembangunan ekonomi yang melibatkan tenaga kerja asing. Pengawasan ketenagakerjaan oleh unit kerja tersendiri pada instansi yang lingkup tugas dan tanggung jawabnya di bidang ketenagakerjaan pada pemerintah pusat, pemerintah provinsi, dan pemerintah kabupaten/kota. Metode penelitian ini adalah pendekatan normatif- empiris, di mana penelitian tersebut mengkaji undang-undang dan implementasinya terhadap peran pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota dalam pengawasan tenaga kerja asing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji sejauhmana peran pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota dalam mengawasi tenaga kerja asing di daerahnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota dalam melaksanakan pengawasan tenaga kerja asing di Indonesia tidak diatur oleh UU. No. 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, PP No. 20 Tahun 2018 Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing dan Permen Ketenagakerjaan No.10 Tahun 2018 tentang Tata Cara Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing. Sehingga implementasinya menyulitkan pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota dalam mengawasi keberadaan tenaga kerja asing yang berada di daerahnya.

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, Izmir, 2019 ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 125-135) ; Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English ; Biophysical areas and resources have been privatized, and subjected to market in response to requirements of the capital accumulation with the view of overcoming the crisis of capitalism in the 1970s. Natural areas previously untouched or used for local production have become "spatial fixes", to which global capital switched, through state regulations. In other words, there has been an increasing intervention into natural areas, and occurred an intense form of commodification of nature. Privatization, commodification and marketization of these areas lead to environmental degrading. Besides, enclosure of these areas to prevent access of local people to use these natural sources causes them not to able to keep on their livelihood activities. Local people who have been taken away from their common lands or private properties by being deprived of use or ownership are becoming increasingly impoverished and dispossessed. Neoliberal practices after 2000 in the Karaburun Peninsula are striking examples of commodification of nature and accumulation by dispossession. This study examines neoliberal regulations, policies and practices, the overlap between the natural areas and investments, and ownership of these areas in Karaburun Peninsula. As a result, it is seen that the pasture areas used by the villagers to earn their living have been narrowed; their properties have been expropriated and then allocated for wind power generation and industrial olive cultivation. Moreover, the increase of mining investments, fish farms and secondary dwellings on state lands, agricultural lands, pastures and coastal areas have led to privatization of natural areas and restriction of local access. ; 1970'lerde kapitalizmin krizinin üstesinden gelmek amacıyla sermaye birikiminin gerekliliğine cevap olarak biyofiziksel alanlar ve kaynaklar özelleştirilmiş ve pazar unsuru olmuştur. Daha önce el değmemiş veya yerel üretim için kullanılan doğal alanlar, devlet düzenlemeleri ile küresel sermayenin aktarıldığı "mekânsal sabiteler" haline gelmiştir. Başka bir deyişle, doğal alanlara müdahale artmış ve doğanın metalaşmasının daha yoğun bir biçiminin ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu alanların özelleştirilmesi, metalaşması ve pazarlanması çevresel bozulmaya yol açmaktadır. Ayrıca, yerel halkın bu doğal kaynakları kullanmasını engellemek için bu alanların etrafının çevrilmesi, yerel halkın geçim faaliyetlerine devam edemelerine neden olmaktadır. Kullanım veya mülkiyet hakkından yoksun bırakılmak suretiyle ortak arazilerinden veya özel mülklerinden uzaklaştırılmış olan yöre halkı giderek yoksullaşmakta ve mülksüzleşmektedir. 2000 yılından sonra Karaburun Yarımadası'ndaki neoliberal uygulamalar, doğanın metalaşmasının ve mülksüzleştirme yoluyla birikimin çarpıcı birer örneğidir. Bu çalışmada Karaburun Yarımadası'ndaki neoliberal düzenlemeler, politikalar ve uygulamalar, doğal alanlar ve yatırımların örtüşme durumu ve bu arazilerin mülkiyet durumları incelenmiştir. Bunun sonucunda, köylülerin geçimlerini sağlamak için kullandıkları mera alanları daraltıldığı, mülklerinin kamulaştırıldığı ve daha sonra rüzgar enerjisi üretimi ve endüstriyel zeytin yetiştirme faaliyetleri için tahsis edildiği gözlemlenmektedir. Dahası maden yatırımları, balık çiftlikleri ve ikincil konutların devlet arazilerindeki, tarım ve mera alanlarındaki ve kıyılardaki artışı doğal alanların özelleştirilmesine ve bu alanların yerel kullanımının kısıtlanmasına sebep olmaktadır.

IN ENGLISH: This study aims to assess the role of authored and edited books in scholarly communication through citation analysis. It focuses on social science journal articles written by authors from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The sample for book citation analysis were references (n = 1,033,926) from research articles (n = 35,501) published in 2726 journals indexed in Scopus, where at least one author was from a CEE country. The journals were classified in 10 social science fields (economics and business, education, library and information science, law, political science, psychology, sociology, and three multidisciplinary fields) and divided into two groups according to the journal publisher's country (CEE and non-CEE journals). Authored (n = 221,768) and edited books (n = 74,506) were extracted from cited references through an in-depth parsing and cleaning process. The average number of cited references per article in the full sample was 29, with the share of cited authored books of 21.4% and edited books of 7.2%. The share of authored books in cited references in CEE journals was 26.6%, while for edited books it was 7.8%. Sociology is a field where books are almost equally represented in cited references (47%) as articles, while book citations are much less represented in the fields of psychology (28%), economics and business (27%), and information and library science (24%). Additionally, the core book authors were identified across scientific fields, and differences in citing books covered by Scholarly Publishers Indicators versus books published by local/regional publishers were explored. --- IN CROATIAN: Svrha ovog rada je da se kroz citatne analize istraži uloga autorskih i uredničkih knjiga u znanstvenom komunicranju na korpusu članka u časopisima iz područja društvenih znanosti čiji su autori znanstvenici iz 15 post-socijalističkih europskih zemalja. Uzorak za citatne analize knjiga činilo je 1.033.926 referenci citiranih u 35.501 članka objavljenih u 2.726 časopisa indeksiranih u bazi Scopus. Časopisi su klasificirani u 10 polja društvenih znanosti (ekonomija, informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti, obrazovne znanosti, politologija, pravo, psihologija, sociologija te tri multidisciplinarne polja) i podijeljeni u dvoje grupe ovisno o zemlji izdavača časopisa (CEE i non-CEE časopisi). Autorske (n=221.768) i uredničke knjige (n=74.506) procesom parsanja i manulanim provjerama izlučene su iz citiranih referenci. Prosječan broj citiranih refenci po članku bio je 29 pri čemu je udio citiranih autorskih knjiga bio 21,4% a uredničkih 7,2%. Udio autorskih knjiga u citiranim referencama u CEE časopisima bio je 26,6%, a za uredničke knjige 7,8%. Sociologija je polje u kojem se knjige gotovo podjednako (47%) citiraju kao i članci, dok je citiranje knjiga manje zastupljeno u polju psihologije (28%), ekonomije i biznisa (27%) te infrmacijskih znanosti (24%). Dodatno, u radu su identificirane "ključne" autorske knjige po pojedini znanstvenim poljima kao i razlike u citiranju knjiga koje pokriva Scholarly Publishers Indicators (SPI) u odnosu na knjige lokalnih/regionalnih nakladnika.

In Western Europe, the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is dominated by subtype B. However, recently, other genetic forms have been reported to circulate in this population, as evidenced by their grouping in clusters predominantly comprising European individuals. Here we describe four large HIV-1 non-subtype B clusters spreading among MSM in Spain. Samples were collected in 9 regions. A pol fragment was amplified from plasma RNA or blood-extracted DNA. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood, including database sequences of the same genetic forms as the identified clusters. Times and locations of the most recent common ancestors (MRCA) of clusters were estimated with a Bayesian method. Five large non-subtype B clusters associated with MSM were identified. The largest one, of F1 subtype, was reported previously. The other four were of CRF02_AG (CRF02_1; n = 115) and subtypes A1 (A1_1; n = 66), F1 (F1_3; n = 36), and C (C_7; n = 17). Most individuals belonging to them had been diagnosed of HIV-1 infection in the last 10 years. Each cluster comprised viruses from 3 to 8 Spanish regions and also comprised or was related to viruses from other countries: CRF02_1 comprised a Japanese subcluster and viruses from 8 other countries from Western Europe, Asia, and South America; A1_1 comprised viruses from Portugal, United Kingom, and United States, and was related to the A1 strain circulating in Greece, Albania and Cyprus; F1_3 was related to viruses from Romania; and C_7 comprised viruses from Portugal and was related to a virus from Mozambique. A subcluster within CRF02_1 was associated with heterosexual transmission. Near full-length genomes of each cluster were of uniform genetic form. Times of MRCAs of CRF02_1, A1_1, F1_3, and C_7 were estimated around 1986, 1989, 2013, and 1983, respectively. MRCA locations for CRF02_1 and A1_1 were uncertain (however initial expansions in Spain in Madrid and Vigo, respectively, were estimated) and were most probable in Bilbao, Spain, for F1_3 and Portugal for C_7. These results show that the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM in Spain is becoming increasingly diverse through the expansion of diverse non-subtype B clusters, comprising or related to viruses circulating in other countries. ; This work was funded through Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural (AESI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, project "Estudios sobre vigilancia epidemiológica molecular del VIH-1 en España," PI16CIII/00033; Red de Investigación en SIDA (RIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Plan Nacional I+D+I, project RD16ISCIII/0002/0004; scientific agreements with Consellería de Sanidade, Government of Galicia (MVI 1004/16) and Osakidetza-Servicio Vasco de Salud, Government of Basque Country (MVI 1001/16); European Research Infrastructures for Poverty Related Diseases (EURIPRED). Seventh Framework Program: FP7-Capacities-infrastructures-2012-1, grant agreement 312661; and Dirección General de Farmacia, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Government of Spain (grant EC11-272). ; Sí

The article examines the main features inherent to meso-level of international integration formations representing network structures in intra-branch and inter-branch cooperation in the form of cross-border cluster systems encompassing macro-level and micro-level of integration of national economies. Possibilities of theory synthesis of international economic integration and cluster concept in economic area virtualization environment are revealed. Cluster approach is proved to be the most efficient mechanism to develop cross-border economic relations and represents, finally, a meso-level of competitive international integration systems and mandatory condition of quality advance for Ukrainian European integration. The essence and inner interrelations of cross-border network cluster are investigated as the growth factor of the European region competitiveness under the conditions of intensifying the integration processes and the necessity of enhancement of the role of periphery regions' economy in the framework of cross-border cooperation. Within the context of European Union regional politics the strategic priorities of the spatial development of the European regions are stated on the basis of self-organization of "hybrid" network quasi integration institutions. Their role in the competitive recovery of the European regions in the light of Ukrainian perspectives of joining European Union is investigated. ; В статье исследованы основные характеристики мезоуровня международных интеграционных объединений, представляющего собой сетевые структуры внутриотраслевого и межотраслевого сотрудничества в виде трансграничных кластерных систем, объединяющих макро- и микроуровень интеграции национальных экономик. Выявлены возможности синтеза теории международной экономической интеграции и кластерной концепции в условиях виртуализации экономического пространства. Обосновано, что кластерный подход является наиболее эффективным механизмом развития трансграничных экономических взаимодействий и, в конечном итоге, представляет собой мезоуровень конкурентоспособных международных интеграционных систем и необходимое условие качественного роста евроинтеграции Украины. Исследованы сущность и внутренние взаимосвязи трансграничного сетевого кластера как фактора роста конкурентоспособности еврорегиона в условиях усиления интеграционных процессов и необходимости повышения роли экономики периферийных регионов в рамках трансграничного сотрудничества. В контексте региональной политики Евросоюза определены стратегические приоритеты пространственного развития еврорегионов на основе самоорганизации «гибридных» институтов сетевой квазиинтеграции, рассмотрена их роль в повышении конкурентоспособности еврорегионов в свете перспектив вступления Украины в ЕС. ; У статті досліджено основні характеристики мезорівня міжнародних інтеграційних об`єднань, що є мережевими структурами внутрішньогалузевого й міжгалузевого співробітництва у вигляді транскордонних кластерних систем, які об'єднують макро- і мікрорівень інтеграцій національних економік. Виявлено можливості синтезу теорії міжнародної економічної інтеграції і кластерної концепції в умовах віртуалізації економічного простору. Обґрунтовано, що кластерний підхід є найбільш ефективним механізмом розвитку транскордонних економічних взаємодій і, зрештою, є мезорівнем конкурентоспроможних міжнародних інтеграційних систем і необхідною умовою якісного росту євроінтеграції України. Досліджено сутність і внутрішні взаємозв'язки транскордонного мережевого кластера як чинника зростання конкуренто-спроможності єврорегіону в умовах посилення інтеграційних процесів і необхідності підвищення ролі економіки периферійних регіонів у рамках транскордонного співробітництва. У контексті регіональної політики Євросоюзу визначено стратегічні пріоритети просторового розвитку єврорегіонів на підставі самоорганізації «гібридних» інститутів мережевої квазіінтеграції, розглянуто їх роль у підвищенні конкурентоспроможності єврорегіонів у світлі перспектив вступу України до ЄС.

The results of a comparative analysis of physical education curricula for general educational institutions in countries of America, Europe and East Asia are offered. The examples of conceptual differences in the curricula of different countries on a civilizational basis are shown. Main curricula component features in different countries and its tendentiousness are defined. The goals and objectives of physical education for young students are formed, either at the state or regional levels, with different strategies from "satisfaction-effect" to "sportsmanship". There is a tendency towards a reorientation of the educational process from achieving age-old standards of callisthenics to the result of personal and social development. The variety of facilities that were offered to pupils in secondary schools in different countries has been identified: classical and non-traditional; recreational, developmental, entertaining, cultural-educational and military-applied. The influence of historical, traditional, national and geographical factors on the didactic content of the curricula is shown.The meaningful component of physical education curricula of all countries is theoretical material and swimming. Diversity in the organizational support of the curricula was defined by comparing: the mandatory of the subject "Physical Education", the weekly number of physical exercises, the role of the physical education teacher in determining the didactic content of the curricula, the forms of physical education for pupils in different countries. It is recognized that sports competitions in many countries are the main part of training programs. The peculiarities of evaluating the performance of students in the physical education process in different countries and the tendency of transformation varieties and criteria assessment are clarified. By examples of selected countries organizational and methodological peculiarities of physical education exams for students are shown, which proves the prestige of the subject and the healthy way of life of their citizens. ; Представлено результати компаративного аналізу навчальних програм з фізичного виховання для загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів в країнах Америки, Європи та Східної Азії. Наведено приклади концептуальних відмінностей навчальних програм різних країн за цивілізаційною ознакою. Визначено особливості цільового компонента програмового забезпечення в різних країнах і його тенденційність. Встановлено розмаїття засобів, що пропонуються учням загальноосвітніх шкіл у різних країнах, та вплив історичних, традиційних, національних і географічних чинників на дидактичний зміст навчальних програм. Вказано, що змістовим компонентом навчальних програмах з фізичної культури усіх країн є теоретичний матеріал і плавання. Виявлено різноманітність в організаційному забезпеченні навчальних програм шляхом порівняння: обов'язковості навчального предмета «Фізична культура», щотижневої кількості занять фізичними вправами, ролі учителя фізичної культури у визначенні дидактичного змісту навчальних програм, форм фізичного виховання школярів у різних країнах. Визначено, що спортивні змагання в багатьох країнах є невід'ємною складовою навчальних програм. З'ясовано особливості оцінювання результатів діяльності учнів у процесі фізичного виховання в різних країн і тенденційні трансформації різновидів і критеріїв оцінювання. На прикладах окремих країн показано організаційно-методичні особливості складання учнями іспиту з фізичної культури, що засвідчує престижність навчального предмета і здорового способу життя громадян.

This Master's Thesis aims to determine what kind of roles Lithuania has perfomed during the second term of D. Grybauskaitė (2014-2019). It also seeks to answer the question, what development trends of identified roles could be noticed? To achieve the main purpose the following tasks were formulated: 1. To discuss role theory and reveal the position of political leader; 2. To formule the narrowed set of possible Lithuania's roles, taking into account the frames of Lithuanian identity; 3. To analize the declared foreign policy goals and choices of D. Grybauskaitė in order to identify what roles Lithuania has tried to perform in the international system in 2014-2019; 4. To investigate how does the expactations from other actors in the international system match with national role performance; 5. To determine the interaction between theoretically declared and practically constructed role. Role theory is used as a theoretical approach in this Master's thesis. In this case, the term of role has three elements – role conception, role expectation and role performance. In order to identify what roles Lithuania has performed during the second term of Grybauskaitė, the method of qualitative content analysis was chosen. Official speeches, interviews and statements were analyzed in order to determine role conception of D. Grybauskaitė. To determine the interaction between role conception and role performance, official documents, decisions and actions were important and also was taken into consideration. Finally, the speeches and interviews of leaders and their representatives from US, EU and the Eastern partners Ukraine and George revealed the expectations towards Lithuania. It provided the opportunity to examine whether the role conception of Lithuania matches with expectations from other actors in the international system. It was discovered that during the second term of D. Grybauskaitė, Lithuania played six main roles in the international arena: "anti-imperialist agent", "faithfull ally-atlanticist", "territorial defender", "pro-European multilateralist", "promoter of regional cooperation" and "bridge". The set of roles confirmed rather stable than unexpected guidelines for Lithuanian foreign policy: US prioritization, the pro-European direction, harsh stance towards Russia, active support for the Eastern Partnership. However, it is important to indicate that compared to the first term of D. Grybauskaitė, her position during the second term returned to the tracks drawn by V. Adamkus. The main factor which has led to these changes was aggresive Russian behavior. The President of Lithuania took a consistent and extremely rigorous stance against it, constantly reminding Western leaders of the Russian expansion possibility. Russian actions also highlighted the importance of US and NATO. The factor of Russian aggression can also be seen as an impetus for taking measures to strengthen the country's defense and thus consolidating the role of the " territorial defender". Such role changes because of the circumstances in the international arena, proves that structural factors are much more influencial than leader's preferences. It is important to mention that all three elements of role coincided with one another.

Habiendo realizado una investigación tanto por parte del MEF como del Contralor, nos damos cuenta de que los datos inscritos en la Cuenta General de la República son el efecto posterior de la responsabilidad de los elementos de la división abierta, por parte de los responsables de la administración abierta, en lo que respecta a avanzar, logros, problemas y actividades, en consonancia con los enfoques nacionales y sectoriales del Estado como capacidad selectiva. Cabe destacar que las sustancias del segmento abierto que presentaron sus registros incluyen: Gobierno Nacional, Gobiernos Regionales, Gobiernos Locales, cuyos datos han sido registrados, manejados y organizados por el Sistema Integrado de Administración Financiera del Sector Público (SIAF, por sus siglas en inglés). ). SP) y su introducción se realizó a través del "Módulo de contabilidad - Información financiera y presupuestaria" de SIAF; Por otro lado, las Compañías en el campo de FONAFE y Entidades de Tratamiento de Negocios del Estado, presentan sus datos de contabilidad a través de una aplicación de PC en un dominio web. Los informes de contabilidad permiten incorporar el registro contable de las actividades realizadas por elementos de segmento abierto y su introducción hacia el final del año, que están sujetos a un examen y aprobación severos por parte de la Dirección General de Contabilidad Pública, a través de las aplicaciones de PC que se relacionan, garantizando la inteligibilidad y calidad inquebrantable de los datos enlistados en la Cuenta General de la República; convertirse en un archivo abierto, útil para el liderazgo básico, el examen, la supervisión del Poder Legislativo, el control del Contralor General de la República y los Órganos de Control, al igual que el control residente, en lo que respecta a la administración abierta y su conveniencia como fuente de datos para la preparación de ideas sobre fondos abiertos, registros nacionales y organización. El objetivo principal de la Cuenta General de la República es informar los efectos posteriores de la organización abierta de los ejecutivos, que contiene datos y un examen de las consecuencias presupuestarias, monetarias, monetarias, patrimoniales y de coherencia de los objetivos y marcadores de la administración monetaria; Se prepara dependiendo de los registros introducidos por las sustancias que forman el segmento abierto durante el año financiero 2016. Asimismo, incorpora datos identificados con ángulos macroeconómicos, deuda pública, tesorería, inversión pública y gasto social, al igual que otros segmentos significativos, por ejemplo. , los datos del Presupuesto por Resultados, entre otros. Es por ello que la investigación pretende analizar, enfatizar, precisar en forma eficaz, eficiente y efectiva los problemas concernientes a los Pasivos Contingentes Gubernamentales derivados de demandas judiciales contra las entidades públicas en cortes nacionales; contingencias derivadas de los contratos con asociaciones público privadas; y las garantías del gobierno nacional que son compromisos de pago en caso de incumplimiento. ; Tesis

National movement and further development of national benchmarks of the European peoples at the beginning of the revolution of 1848–1849 are one of the most socio-political contextualized pages in the past of the Slavik peoples in Europe. The research is considered to be topical since the process of formation of national ideology in the 19th century, that occured in the Slavs environment, took place in terms of distribution of the national principle and state formation in the majority of the European countries. The purpose of the research is to enlighten the course, laws and specifics of formation of the national paradigm at the beginning of the revolution of 1848–1849. The object of the study is the national movement of the Slavs, the subject of scientific analysis is the national ideology developing under the influence of both internal and external factors. To achieve the main goal of the research the author has considered it to be necessary to solve a number of the following tasks: to scientifically, logically, argumentatively and coherently lay out specifics of the process of Slavic national ideology formation and reveal its main features. It should be emphasized that by the beginning of the revolution the national patriotic mood was not limited merely by the demand of the cultural reforms, it gradually transformed into the context of new political and socio-economic ideas. At the same time, in the meaning of national paradigm of the Slavic National Movement the idea of its moderation or passive opposition actualized drastically. In general national paradigm was a certain mixture of political ideas, in which political freedom – democracy, social and personal guarantees – took a somewhat secondary place, the struggle for the national justice with its moral and cultural principles, became dominant. On the eve of the 1848 revolution western Slavs were involved in the process of modernizing their national ideology. Al though this process was an allEuropean phenomen on and large ethnic units were under going selfdetermination, the spiritual renaissance of the western Slavs had specific regional and ethnic characteristics, thus attracting the political attention of the governments of great empires – the Austrian and the Russian. For Russia, the biggest Slavonic country, the idea of the general Slavonic ethnic unity as well as the Pan-Slavistic ideology were not only of scientific character, but also served as a factor of geopolitical interest. ; Майже у всіх етнічно споріднених народів, що входили до складу великих мовних і релігійних спільнот, на певному історичному етапі виникали неоднозначні за формою і змістом панідеології – панславізм, пангерманізм, панамериканізм, панісламізм, і такі наднаціональні інтеграційні ідеї, як австрославізм, ілліризм. Їх мета полягала в обґрунтуванні не тільки цивілізаційної, етнокультурної, історичної спільності, але в тому числі і політичної. З часом панідеї ставали не тільки джерелом для формування національної ідеології, але і слугували підставою для появи полінаціональних держав і забезпечували існування ідеології великодержавності. Метою дослідження стала панідея, зокрема така її форма, як панславізм.