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At head of title: State Conservation Department of Wisconsin. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Mimeographed. ; Montana. - Oregon. - North Carolina. - New Hampshire. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The European Commission and Administrative Cooperation

Although the European Community was initially created without the support of administrative cooperation, the European Commission soon realized the importance of setting up such frameworks. Different forms of cooperation thus emerged, enabling the Commission not only to exercise its own authority but also, as in the changeover to the euro, to include national policy-making within the construction process of the European Union. More recently, still other forms of cooperation have been set up by the Commission in numerous areas extending beyond the scope of European competence, and a number of these projects involve countries outside the European Union.

This study examines the adoption of arbitration for the definitive solution of conflicts between Brazilian Public Administration and its citizens. Despite strong sociological reasons against adopting the institute in Brazil, surprisingly, legal scholars assimilated it with ease. Dogmatic reasons, however, prevent its adoption. The thesis that it is possible when it comes to the secondary interest is untenable, as the secondary interest is only valid when it coincides with the primary one. The unavailability of the public interest was circumvented by explicit legislative authorization term. It is impossible to circumvent the supremacy of the public interest over the private one, which prevents removing the judiciary from having the final word prerogative on the interpretation of matters of the public interest. Therefore, all laws that authorize administrative arbitration are unconstitutional. ; Este estudio trata sobre la adopción del arbitraje para la solución definitiva de los conflictos entre la Administración Pública brasileña y la administrada. A pesar de las fuertes razones sociológicas en contra de la adopción del instituto en Brasil, sorprendentemente la comunidad jurídica lo asimiló con facilidad. Sin embargo, razones dogmáticas impiden su adopción. La tesis de que es posible cuando se trata de interés secundario es insostenible, ya que el interés secundario solo es válido cuando coincide con el primario. La indisponibilidad del interés público se eludió mediante autorización legislativa expresa. Es imposible eludir la supremacía del interés público sobre el privado, lo que impide que el poder judicial tenga la prerrogativa de dar la última palabra en la interpretación de los asuntos relacionados con el interés público que deben descartarse. Por lo tanto, todas las leyes que autorizan el arbitraje administrativo son inconstitucionales. ; Este estudo versa sobre a adoção da arbitragem para solução definitiva de conflitos entre a Administração Pública brasileira e o administrado. Apesar de fortes razões ...

In regard to the principle of separation of powers, the distribution of competences between the administrative and the ordinary courts is based on the nature of the litigations. If the matter concerns the public law, the administrative court is competent. Whereas the ordinary court would have jurisdiction whenever the litigation in question is related to a matter of private law. However, this principle is not absolute. The French and Lebanese laws admit that there are cases where the judicial court would have competence in administrative litigations. This jurisdiction may be by nature when the litigation is related to infringement of private rights or individual liberty when the litigation concerns the personal status. The competence of the civil judge can also be by accessory when it's basically the competence of the administrative judge but is given exceptionally to the judicial judge. This is the case of public utilities managed by private management such as industrial and commercial utilities or concerning the litigation related to the management of the private domain of the government who behaves like a normal person. This judicial competence is at its height when the judicial judge interprets and appreciates by himself the legality of the administrative acts. The competence of the judicial judge in administrative acts is not only the result of the jurisprudence since the legislator interferes in many cases and grants competence to judicial judge in litigations that fall normally under the competence of administrative judge. If this competence is in most cases justified by the concern of good administration of justice, there are cases where there is no judicial nor legal reason for not granting competence to administrative judge who is the normal judge in administrative matters. ; En vertu du principe de séparation des autorités, la répartition de compétence entre le juge administratif et le juge judiciaire se base sur la nature des matières en cause. Si les matières visées concernent le droit public, c'est ...