Suchergebnisse

Definition of performance management in tenders -- Identification of Contracting Authorities' scope of action -- Discussion of performance-oriented measures -- Investigation of starting price publication -- Analysis of starting price precision -- Derivation of managerial and regulative implications

In the thirty years before Economic and Monetary Union was achieved, European currency policies varied widely among countries and over time. In this article, I argue that the sectoral impact of regional exchange-rate arrangements, in particular their expected real effects on European trade and investment, exerted a powerful influence on the course of European monetary integration. The principal benefit of fixing European exchange rates was facilitation of cross-border trade and investment within the European Union (EU); the principal cost of fixed rates was the loss of national governments' ability to use currency policy to improve their producers' competitive position. Empirical results indeed indicate that a stronger and more stable currency was associated with greater importance of manufactured exports to the EU's hard-currency core, while depreciations were associated with an increase in the net import competition faced by the country's producers. This suggests a powerful impact of real factors related to trade and investment, and of private interests concerned about these factors, in determining national currency policies.

In the present study, we analyze the situation of lobbies in the European Union, this is related to the debate about the subject in Spain. Certainly there is a parallel between the development of the Union´s institutions and the presence of lobbies in Brussels. The Community institutions have been lobbying since its beginning, in particular the Commission. We study the lobbies in the United States, the different approaches to tackling the phenomenon of lobbying surrounding countries and the debate in the Council of Europe on the performance of the lobbies. ; En el presente estudio se aborda la situación de los lobbies en la Unión Europea, relacionando dicho fenómeno con el debate que existe en España sobre el tema. Ciertamente existe un paralelismo entre el desarrollo de las Instituciones de la Unión y la presencia de los lobbies en Bruselas. Las instituciones comunitarias y, en especial, la Comisión han sido objeto de lobbying desde sus inicios. Se analiza, por su relación con el tema, la situación de los lobbies en Estados Unidos, los diferentes enfoques a la hora de abordar el fenómeno del lobby en países de nuestro entorno y el debate que existe en el Consejo de Europa sobre la actuación de los lobbies.In the present study, we analyze the situation of lobbies in the European Union, this is related to the debate about the subject in Spain. Certainly there is a parallel between the development of the Union´s institutions and the presence of lobbies in Brussels. The Community institutions have been lobbying since its beginning, in particular the Commission. We study the lobbies in the United States, the different approaches to tackling the phenomenon of lobbying surrounding countries and the debate in the Council of Europe on the performance of the lobbies.

"The book explores the promotion of Europeanness, which aims to arouse feelings of belonging to the European Union. It demonstrates that the promotion of Europeanness at the EU level does not constitute an overarching identity policy that imposes a homogenous interpretation of European identity. Rather, it is a process of negotiation in which various entrepreneurs of Europeanness within and outside the EU institutions invent and communicate representations of Europe. Both the negotiation and the multilayered representations of Europe that it produces are investigated through three case studies: the academia and the historians, European heritage, and the iconography of the euro"--Provided by publisher.

Not Available ; Fish, particularly shrimp, is becoming a staple food in the diet of the Europeans. The boost in aquaculture production has led to enhanced frozen shrimp exports from India during the past decade. After Japan and US, European Union (EU) has been found to be an emerging market for Indian frozen shrimp products. During 2006, the value of frozen shrimp exports to EU was 337.93 million US dollars amounting to 57,554 tonnes in terms of volume. Analyzing the seasonal pattern in the prices realized by the commodity in an international market will enable strategic planning for maximum gains. This article presents the analysis of seasonal variation in prices according to various size grades of Headless (HL) Black Tiger in the EU shrimp market. The prices realized for HL Black Tiger shrimp exports to the EU during 2006 was in the range of 6.30 to 11.30 dollars per kg for the grade 16/20, 5.10 to 10.00 dollars per kg for the grade 21/25, and 2.95 to 9.80 dollars per kg for the grade 26/30. A sharp decline in the prices was realized in the export of HL Black Tiger to EU over the past few years. The reasons for the price fluctuations have been identified. The seasonal variation in the prices during 2006 was studied, and it was found that for the popular grades like Black Tiger shrimp, the seasonal indices were high during the third quarter of the year. Lowest prices were realized during the first quarter of 2006. Our export strategy should be based on the seasonal demand for the products with more stress on value addition with an Eco label. ; Not Available

Further growth of cross-border e-commerce in the European Union markets requires improved express delivery services. The framework presented in this paper identifies relevant contextual factors that affect express delivery adoption rates in European cross-border e-commerce. This framework leads to a set of hypotheses, both on the effects of express deliveries on financial performance indicators (order incidence, order size, and repurchase rate) and on the factors that drive demand for express deliveries (consumer income, logistic costs, and lead-time benefits). A case study provides empirical tests of the hypotheses, using data on about forty thousand sales transactions from a consumer electronics manufacturer's cross-border online shop. The findings are that express delivery has positive effects on financial performance, as it leads to higher order incidence, larger order size, and higher repurchase rates in cross-border transactions. Demand for express delivery services increases with higher income, larger lead-time benefits, and lower logistic costs. Managers can employ the presented framework to formulate and analyse their own targets for performance and express delivery services.

This Research Paper contains a documentation of extensions of the dynamic computable general equilibrium model PuMA to implement energy and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The documentation of the PuMA model is published in EcoAustria Research Paper No. 11. Up to now, the model was applied to analyse economic, labour market and public finance effects of different policy reforms, structural changes and other important policy questions. PuMA is similar to the EU Labour Market Model (EU-LMM), which was also developed by the authors and is used by the Directorate General Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion of the European Commission.1 E-PuMA extends the model by implementing important channels of energy demand of private households and firms as well as GHG emissions. E-PuMA implements additional demand nests for private households. This allows to model the impact of energy price changes on demand and various policy reforms like CO2 related prices. In addition to final goods and investment goods firms additional types of firms are implemented. Electricity firms produce electricity by different kinds of energy inputs and corresponding capital stock and provide electricity to private households and the energy firms. Energy firms combine different energy inputs together with capital and electricity to produce energy provided to final goods firms. Final goods firms demand energy and decide about abatement effort with respect to non-energy-related emissions. Section 2 describes extensions related to private households, Section 3 extensions related to firms, Section 4 describes changes related to functional forms, and Section 5 discusses relevant literature for the calibration of the model.

U radu se prikazuju čimbenici promjena u radu hrvatskih poreznih tijela s obzirom na to da borba protiv utaja i izbjegavanja poreza intenzivira rad na regulatornom okviru međunarodnog oporezivanja na svim razinama. Daje se povijesni presjek uređenja rada hrvatske porezne uprave u zadnja dva desetljeća, a posebno se ukazuje na globalni rat utajama poreza pa se prikazuje OECD-ov Akcijski plan – BEPS. Mjere iz tog plana na europskoj razini provedene su kroz veći broj direktiva te se izdvaja Direktiva Vijeća Europske unije protiv izbjegavanja poreza (ATAD) te posljedice implementacije u unutarnje hrvatsko zakonodavstvo. ATAD kao europski odgovor na BEPS nameće izmjene i prilagodbu poreznih tijela novim pravilima. Posebno se naglašavaju nužna prilagodba hrvatskih poreznih tijela europskim pravilima o poreznim postupcima dokazivanja izbjegavanja poreza te nužne prilagodbe i promjene područja rješavanja poreznih sporova. ; This paper shows the factors of change in the work of Croatian taxation bodies given that combatting taxation evasion and tax avoidance intensifies work on the regulatory framework of international taxation at all levels. An historical cross-sectional overview of the regulation of the work of the Croatian taxation office over the last two decades, showing in particular the global taxation evasion war in OECD's Action Plan - BEPS. Measures from that plan at a European level have been implemented through a large number of directives pointing out the European Council Directive against Tax Avoidance (ATED) and the consequences of implementation within Croatian legislation. ATAD as a European answer to BEPS imposes changes and adjustments to taxation bodies by new rules. Necessary adjustment of Croatian taxation bodies to European rules on taxation procedures for proving taxation evasion and necessary adjustments and changes in areas of resolving taxation disputes are particularly pointed out.

Introduction to contemporary Japan-European Union (EU) -- relations -- Global Context for EU-Japan relations -- Japan and the EU as International Actors -- A Steady Path to Cooperation -- The Road to an Economic Partnership Agreement -- Building a Strategic Partnership -- A crisis of multilateralism?

This paper focuses on the 2004 enlargement of the European Union to the East and treats it as a natural experiment to investigate two issues: first, whether there has been a trade creation effect in final and intermediate goods and second, to what extent this effect has been more pronounced for final or for intermediate goods. Using difference-in-differences analysis, we find that the effect of the 2004 EU enlargement has been positive for both intermediate and final goods trade, and it is in general greater for final goods. Using a generalized gravity model of trade that controls for the multilateral resistance and bilateral time-invariant factors, we estimate an increase in bilateral trade of 28% for final goods and 24% for intermediates. However, the effects are heterogeneous by sub-sector and indicate that the main trade gains were for non-durable consumer goods and food and beverages primary and processed products.