Suchergebnisse

Few geographic spaces dedicated to a single extensive crop in Mexico, as in the world, have been able to change in less than a human generation, this due to a series of alterations both in the preference of crops, as in the change of land use and of the property. Despite being in the Mexican memory the image of a region where the cultivation of maguey of sap was privileged, as basis for the elaboration of the pulque drink, this was completely modified by the commercial incentive of annual seeds, with barley being privileged, accurate for the beer industry. On the other hand, the necessary extension of the maguey cultivation fields, which required both a staggering of plants, according to their age, and a continuous supervision to be used after a decade, due to their slow development, collided with immediate interests of the beneficiaries of an agrarian distribution of the lands formerly of the haciendas pulqueras. This distribution was not successful due to the impoverishment of the area, which led to the construction of an industrial plant that accelerated social changes in the region. The purpose of this attempt was made to develop a pulque bottling industry, and other maguey's products, that would meet the sanitary and quality requirements imposed by modernity. However, despite these governmental program, the mismanagement and the little acceptance of a different product other than the traditional pulque, ended when the Mexican policy changed to neoliberalism. . ; Pocos espacios geográficos dedicados a un solo cultivo extenso en México, como en el mundo, han podido cambiar en menos de una generación humana, esto debido a una serie de alteraciones tanto en la preferencia de cultivos, como en el cambio de uso de suelo y de la propiedad. A pesar de hallarse en la memoria mexicana la imagen de una región donde se privilegiaba el cultivo del maguey de aguamiel, base para la elaboración de la bebida del pulque, esta fue modificada por completo por el incentivo comercial de semillas anuales, siendo favorecida la cebada, precisa para la industria de la cerveza. Por otra parte, la extensión necesaria de los campos de cultivo de maguey, que requería tanto un escalonamiento de plantas, según su edad, como una continua supervisión para ser aprovechadas después de una década, debido a su lento desarrollo, chocó con los intereses inmediatos de los beneficiados por un reparto agrario de las tierras otrora de las haciendas pulqueras. Este reparto no tuvo éxito debido al empobrecimiento de la región lo que motivó la construcción de una planta industrial que aceleró los cambios sociales del lugar. La finalidad era desarrollar una industria embotelladora de pulque, y otros derivados del maguey, que cumpliera con las exigencias sanitarias y de calidad que imponía la modernidad. Sin embargo, a pesar del esfuerzo de ese programa paraestatal, la mala administración y la poca aceptación de un producto diferente al pulque, acabó cuando la política de Estado cambió al neoliberalismo.

The academic relationships and personal considerations maintained by Carmelo Lisón Tolosana, Professor of Social Anthropology at the Complutense University and member of the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, with Salamanca and Granada are described. Not only are many of his teaching or research activities that he carried out in the universities of the cities detailed, but he also investigates his emotional and interpretive involvement in relation to their culture. This is done through the memory of the contacts, texts or comments made with, or about, Lisón, saved by two of his anthropologist colleagues: in one case, for Granada, those expressed by José Antonio González Alcantud in one of his articles previous on the subject, and in another, by the author of this text who, likewise, for many years collaborated significantly in Salamanca with the distinguished academic. It concludes with an image of Carmelo Lisón, reflected in two mirrors, Granada and Salamanca, which reveals part of the intellectual but also emotional facets, we understand that not so well known, of the famous Spanish anthropologist. ; Se describen las relaciones académicas y las consideraciones personales que mantuvo Carmelo Lisón Tolosana, Catedrático de Antropología social de la Universidad Complutense y miembro de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, con Salamanca y con Granada. No sólo se detallan muchas de sus actividades docentes o investigadoras que realizara en las universidades de las ciudades referidas, si no que también se indaga en su implicación emocional, e interpretativa, en relación con la cultura de las mismas. Ello a través de la memoria de los contactos, textos o comentarios tenidos con, o sobre, Lisón, guardados por parte de dos de sus colegas antropólogos: en un caso, para Granada, los expresados por José Antonio González Alcantud en alguno de sus artículos previos sobre la temática, y en otro, por el autor de este texto que, asimismo, durante muchos años colaboró significativamente en Salamanca con el insigne académico. Se concluye con una imagen de Carmelo Lisón, reflejada en dos espejos, Granada y Salamanca, que nos deja patente parte de las facetas intelectuales pero asimismo emotivas, entendemos que no tan conocidas, del afamado antropólogo español. ; São descritas as relações acadêmicas e considerações pessoais mantidas por Carmelo Lisón Tolosana, Professor de Antropologia Social da Universidade Complutense e membro da Real Academia de Ciências Morais e Políticas, com Salamanca e Granada. Não só se detalham muitas das atividades de ensino ou pesquisa que exerceu nas universidades das citadas cidades, como também se investiga seu envolvimento emocional e interpretativo em relação à sua cultura das mesmas. Isso é realizado através da memória dos contatos, textos ou comentários feitos com, ou sobre, Lisón, preservados por dois de seus colegas antropólogos: em um caso, para Granada, os apresentados por José Antonio González Alcantud em um de seus artigos, e em outro, pelo autor deste texto que, da mesma forma, por muitos anos colaborou significativamente em Salamanca com o ilustre acadêmico. Conclui com uma imagem de Carmelo Lisón, refletida em dois espelhos, Granada e Salamanca, que revela parte das facetas intelectuais, mas também emocionais, entendemos que não tão conhecidas, do famoso antropólogo espanhol.

"The Statue Must Be Removed!": The Memorialization of Daniel Webster and the Great Northern Compromisers, 1853-Present Michael Larmann University of Montana, History Department, Doctoral Student 860-235-7881 | michael.larmann@umontana.edu The removal of statues has become a controversial topic in American society over the course of the past decade.Although statues of Confederate figures in the South have attracted the most attention in recent years, in the mid-nineteenth century, statues of Northern "compromisers"—those who sanctioned slavery rather than joining the abolitionist cause—also created controversy. Northern politicians such as Daniel Webster and President Millard Fillmore are two such figures who are historically notorious for supporting the Compromise of 1850, which postponed sectional hostilities, but also perpetuated chattel slavery and promoted slave catching in the United States for another decade. This research project analyzes the statues and memorialization of such Northern compromisers from the mid-nineteenth century up until today. It furthermore contributes to emerging scholarship on statues, nineteenth-century American history, and the creation of memory. Daniel Webster will serve as the focus of this project, since the erection of his statue in Boston, Massachusetts in 1859 started one of the first controversies in the United States about memorializing compromise. Through the use of memorial committee records, abolitionist newspapers, petitions, correspondence, broadsheets, and speeches, this project will analyze the controversy of memorializing Daniel Webster, the Massachusetts senator who infamously supported the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850. This project also analyzes how academics and the American public has since remembered Webster, Fillmore, and similar northern compromisers up until the present by looking at the erection of later statues and analyzing bibliographies. Popular culture sources that featured Daniel Webster's image including theatre productions, movies, and non-academic books will help determine how the American public has remembered Webster since the nineteenth century, if they do at all. The final portion of this project discusses where historic actors such as Webster fit into today's debates on memorializing controversial figures. The goal of this project is to understand how the American public has memorialized northern compromisers over time and where they sit with us today. Additionally, this research emphasizes the politics and power dimensions involved in building statues in the nineteenth century. The Webster statue in particular was the work of the private and wealthy Boston Brahmin elite class. A discussion about statues is also a story about the groups that erected them and the environments in which they are built. Therefore, this project also explains the processes and importance through which people engraved statues and memorials into the physical landscape and material environment of the American metropolis in the nineteenth century. This research on the Daniel Webster statue and the image of the Northern compromiser reveals that criticisms and debates about removing and building statues temporally go back to the mid-nineteenth century. This past decade in our nation's history was not the first time that citizens have debated memorializing controversial individuals. Members of the American public were debating the meanings of memorialization and statues longer ago than previously believed.

En diciembre de 2011, Samba Martine, interna del Centro de Internamiento para Extranjeros (CIE) de Aluche, muere de una infección evitable por no haber sido diagnosticada y tratada de manera adecuada, a pesar de haber solicitado insistentemente asistencia sanitaria. La madre de Samba, con el apoyo de varias entidades sociales, denuncia los hechos y llega a los tribunales. Ocho años más tarde, en junio de 2019, se anuncia la absolución por homicidio imprudente del único responsable procesado. Nueve años más tarde, en octubre de 2020, el Ministerio de la Presidencia, Relaciones con las Cortes y Memoria Democrática emite una Resolución por la que se atiende la reclamación de responsabilidad patrimonial por el fallecimiento de Samba Martine. Tomando como punto de partida este caso, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que hacen de él un ejemplo de injusticia epistémica en tres niveles interrelacionados: micro (localizada en el contexto de la relación asistencial), meso (desarrollada en el marco del CIE y sus mecanismos institucionales) y macro (vinculada al trasfondo ideológico y político que sustenta los niveles anteriores). La relevancia de esta propuesta radica en mostrar cómo la dejación de funciones por parte de la Administración y sus instituciones contribuye a generar una ignorancia, que, combinada con la falta de credibilidad del testimonio de la víctima, tiene como resultado final su muerte. Lejos de ser un caso anecdótico, situaciones de injusticia epistémica como esta forman parte de la cotidianeidad de numerosas personas migrantes indocumentadas, que después de periplos de sufrimiento terminan internadas en limbos legales como los CIE. ; In December 2011, Samba Martine, an inmate at the Aluche Foreigners Internment Center (CIE), died of a preventable infection due to not having been properly diagnosed and treated, despite having insistently requested healthcare. Samba's mother, with the support of various social entities, denounces the events and goes to court. Eight years later, in June 2019, the acquittal for reckless homicide of the only person prosecuted was announced. Nine years later, in October 2020, the Ministry of the Presidency, Relations with the Courts and Democratic Memory issues a Resolution in which the claim of patrimonial responsibility for the death of Samba Martine is addressed. Taking this case as a starting point, this work aims to analyze the factors that make it an example of epistemic injustice at three interrelated levels: micro (located in the context of the care relationship), meso (developed within the framework of the CIE and its institutional mechanisms) and macro (linked to the ideological and political background that sustains the previous levels). The relevance of this proposal lies in showing how the abandonment of functions by the Administration and its institutions contributes to generating ignorance. This ignorance, combined with the lack of credibility of the victim's testimony, has as a final result her death. Far from being an anecdote, situations of epistemic injustice such as this are part of the daily life of many undocumented migrants who, after journeys of suffering, end up interned in legal limbos like the CIE.

The last civil-military-corporative dictatorship in Argentina, had the objective to install a socio-economic and political model, and its existence and sustainability over time was possible thanks to the participation of differentes social actors. Both actively and by omission, a large part of civil society justified y legitimated torture, kidnapping and other human rights violations, calling against the victims the "something must have been done" discourse. This meaning were, later, taken up again to deny that what happened was, actually, a genocide[i] organized and committed by the argentinian state. Although since the return of democracy the memory, truth and justice discourse could consolidated, the meanings around the "theory of the two demons'' found, during the government of Mauricio Macri, the possibility of resurgence in the political discourse of officials and candidates for public office, like José Luis Espert and Juan José Gómez Centurión. [i] The decision to use the concept "genocide" to name what has happened was based on understand the genocide social practice as the destruction of the people, that happens through the destruction of their relationship of autonomy and cooperation (Feierstein, 2017, p.230). ; La última dictadura cívico-militar-corporativa en la Argentina tuvo el objetivo de instalar un modelo socioeconómico y político, y su existencia y sostenimiento en el tiempo fueron posibles gracias a la participación de diferentes actores sociales. Tanto activamente como por omisión, gran parte de la sociedad civil justificó y legitimó torturas, secuestros y otras vulneraciones de derechos humanos, con el discurso de que "algo habrán hecho" las víctimas. Estos sentidos fueron retomados, posteriormente, para negar que lo sucedido haya sido, en efecto, un genocidio[i] organizado y cometido por el estado argentino. Si bien desde el retorno de la democracia pudo afianzarse el discurso de memoria, verdad y justicia, los sentidos en torno a la "teoría de los dos demonios"[ii] encontraron, durante el gobierno de Mauricio Macri, la posibilidad de resurgir en el discurso político de funcionarios y de candidatos a ocupar cargos públicos, como es el caso de José Luis Espert y Juan José Gomez Centurión. [i] La decisión de utilizar el concepto "genocidio" para denominar lo sucedido parte de comprender a las prácticas sociales genocidas como "la destrucción de la identidad de un pueblo", que se produce "a través del quiebre de sus relaciones de autonomía y cooperación" (Feierstein, 2017, p.230). [ii] Si bien resulta complejo determinar el origen y la definición precisa de la denominada "teoría de los dos demonios", "ya en los tempranos 70 había quienes planteaban los fundamentos de la idea, en la referencia abstracta a 'la violencia' como una figura que tendía a homologar las diversas acciones de la insurgencia armada, las tomas de fábricas, las movilizaciones masivas o las 'luchas de calles' con los secuestros y asesinatos realizados por organizaciones paraestatales o los fusilamientos e incipientes desapariciones cometidas por las fuerzas armadas y las fuerzas de seguridad" (Feierstein, 2017, p.11).

Uno de los objetivos del proyecto PAdGUE para el estudio de la Guerra de la Independencia española (1808-1814) es proponer la musealización de los campos de batalla más relevantes de esta contienda. En este sentido, la cartografía constituye una fuente primordial para reconstruir el terreno original en un momento puntual. A través del análisis de mapas histórico-militares, podemos tener una perspectiva más precisa para entender algunos aspectos que podían ser confusos si nos limitásemos a trabajar solamente con las fuentes escritas, la topografía actual, los restos arqueológicos y los elementos patrimoniales. En este trabajo, presentamos una propuesta de musealización del campo de batalla de Bailén que ayude a investigadores y visitantes a interpretar un territorio deteriorado a través del uso de las nuevas tecnologías: códigos QR, beacon y modelado 3D para la creación de rutas y recreaciones virtuales, y para la elaboración de fichas de conservación de los recursos patrimoniales. La finalidad de este trabajo es doble. Por un lado, se pone en valor estos espacios de conflicto en sí mismo para explicar el enfrentamiento y recuperar así este lugar histórico y los escasos elementos patrimoniales que alberga; y por otro, se conecta este con el territorio actual y los espacios dedicados a la memoria de este hecho y de sus personajes más importantes, creando rutas culturales. Por tanto, esta interpretación del patrimonio implica, además, sumergir al visitante no solo en un momento puntual sino dentro de una sociedad que vivió un conflicto armado que significó el fin del Antiguo Régimen. ; One of the goals of the PAdGUE project for the study of the Peninsular War (1808-1814) is the musealization of the most relevant battlefields. Due to this, cartography is a primary source for reconstructing the original terrain at a specific time. Thanks to the analysis of military-historical maps, we can have a more accurate perspective to understand some aspects that could be confusing if we only work with written sources, current topography, archaeological remains, and heritage elements. In this work, we present a proposal for the musealization of the Bailén battlefield that will aid researchers and visitors to interpret a deteriorated territory through the use of new technologies: QR codes, ibeacon, and 3D modelling to generate virtual routes and recreations, and for the preparation of conservation files for heritage resources. The purpose of this work is twofold. On the one hand, we highlight the importance of the battlefield to explain the confrontation and thus recover this historical space and the heritage elements that contains; and on the other hand, this connects with the current place and spaces dedicated to the memory of this fact and its most important characters, creating cultural routes. Therefore, this heritage interpretation also implies immersing the visitor not only at a specific moment but within a society that lived a conflict, which meant the end of the Old Regime.

The presented work is composed by Marc Johnson — a memory worker — who is currently a Ph.D. candidate in performative and media-based practices at the Stockholm University of the Arts. The shared perspectives are engaging issues of violence from the center of an artistic practice-based research focused on archival practices and concerned with how a documentary heritage circulates, is formed, debated, shared, and re-interpreted. The lecture-performance starts by considering the "Rights of Nature" — from recent environmental litigations in Aotearoa (New Zealand), Bolivia, and Ecuador — which focus on the idea of legal standing. What does it take to enforce the legal personhood of a river or other natural entities? Marc Johnson investigates and reflects on some ways to deal with representations of murdered bodies — human and more-than-human (cellular life forms) — without replicating historical patterns of abuse? Under what conditions shall these documents, artifacts, or, images be seen? Marc Johnson collaborates with Hitomi Ohki 大木瞳 — Soprano singer — to expose how polyphony[1] and counterpoint[2] applied to cinema can be used practically to navigate the uncertain archive(s) of violence studies. Marc Johnson addresses the dynamics of archival silences[3] and archival amnesty[4] as an important reminder of the ways in which violence — despite its presence in the everyday life of most people mainly through paper-based, and online news media (including social networks) — can also be deeply buried and invisible through institutional and corporate powers and other means; nonetheless impacting the lives of ordinary people (as opposed to powerful people, military, political and business leaders). The proposal does not intend to resolve; but rather to expose and to put oneself in the presence of using the means of montage. Skepsis is the deployed strategy throughout the duration of the time-based work as defined by Jacques Derrida as a "vigilance, and attention of the gaze during an examination. […] One is on the lookout, one reflects upon what one sees, reflects what one sees by delaying the moment of conclusion."[5] [1] A process of combining two or more voices so that they harmonize with each other but maintain their individuality.[2] A process of adding one or more melodies as an accompaniment to a given melody according to certain fixed rules; a composition in which melodies are thus combined.[3] Rodney G. S. Carter, "Of Things Said and Unsaid: Power, Archival Silences, and Power in Silence," Archivaria, September 25, 2006, 215–33.[4] Tonia Sutherland, "Archival Amnesty: In Search of Black American Transitional and Restorative Justice," ed. Michelle Caswell, Ricardo Punzalan, and T-Kay Sangwand, Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, Critical Archival Studies, 1, no. 2 (2017): 1–23, https://doi.org/10.24242/jclis.v1i2.42.[5] Jacques Derrida, Memoirs of the Blind: The Self-Portrait and Other Ruins, trans. Pascale-Anne Brault and Michael Naas (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993). ; VIOLENCE: the fourth biennial PARSE Research Conference at the Faculty of Fine, Applied and Performing Arts, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Diese Dissertation zeigt, wie kulturelle Produktion in multiethnischen Gesellschaften in Kriegszeiten nationale Identität konstruieren kann, wie politische Autoritäten die Produktion unterstützten und wie Menschen diese Produktion während des Krieges in Bosnien-Herzegowina (1992-1995) auf lokalem Niveau bewältigten. Der Fokus liegt auf zwei Fallstudien und der Produktion patriotischer Lieder, geschaffen von den Kunsteinheiten des Ersten und Dritten Korps der B-H Armee. Semi-strukturierte Interviews, Diskursanalysen und Datenerhebungen ermöglich(t)en einen interdisziplinären Forschungszugang, in welchem Geschichte und Anthropologie, auf Methoden und Konzepte zur Erforschung von Populärmusik, Erinnerungskulturen und Nationsbildungsstrategien treffen. Die Arbeit soll darauf hinweisen, dass die Produktion patriotischer Lieder auf der Eigeninitiative von Sänger:innen und Musiker:innen basierte, welche patriotische Lieder zu elf unterschiedlichen Themen komponierten. Anhand von sieben unterschiedlichen Kategorien, konnte eine Unterteilung vorgenommen werden. Der "bottom-up"-Zugang fokussiert auf die Sänger:innen und Musiker:innen und zeigt ihre persönlichen Geschichten und Erinnerungen auf. Der "top-down"-Zugang legt den Fokus auf die B-H Armee, und die kulturelle Produktion, die unterstützt, finanziell gefördert und beworben wurde. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, dass einzelne Sänger:innen und Musiker:innen andere Ideen zur Nationsbildung und nationalen Identität hatten als die politischen Autoritäten. Somit existierten während des Krieges zwei nationale Identitäten gleichzeitig, eine bosnische und eine bosniakische nationale Identität, wobei die zweite, basierend auf dem Islam und seinen Traditionen, nie in patriotischen Liedern vorkam.Meine Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Konstruktion zweier nationaler Identitäten, beweist, dass persönliche Narrative nicht immer mit der offiziellen Erzählung konform gehen müssen und beide von verschiedenen Faktoren beeinflusst und geformt werden können. Diese Dissertation leistet einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Entwicklung anthropologischer Studien über kulturelle Produktion und beleuchtet auf diese Art ein Verständnis des Krieges in B-H sowie die Bedeutung von Musik in Konfliktsituationen. ; The thesis sets out to illustrate how cultural production in multi-ethnic societies construct national identity in times of war, how political authorities support the production and how local people negotiated this production during the war in B-H (1992-1995). It does so by focusing on two case studies and production of patriotic songs produced by the First and the Third Corps art unit of Army of B-H (ARBiH). Methodological tools in-depth semi-structured interviews, discourse analysis and data gathering were enabling the interdisciplinary research where history and anthropology met concepts of popular music, memory studies and nation-building strategies. The thesis aims to point that the production of patriotic songs was based on the self-initiative singers and musicians who sang patriotic songs about eleven different themes categorised into seven different categories. The "bottom-up" approach focuses on individual singers and musicians organised into art units and presents their personal stories and memories. The "top-down" approach focuses on one pillar of state-apparatus - the army, and the cultural production they supported and promoted. The analysis results show that individuals had different approach and idea about the nation-building and national identity that political authorities. Therefore, two national identities co-existed during the wartime; Bosnian and Bosniak national identity, where the second was based on Islamic religion and tradition and was never mentioned in patriotic songs. I argue that the construction of two national identities that co-existed during the war in B-H prove that personal narratives are not always equal to the official narrative and that both are influenced and shaped by different external factors. This thesis brings a significant contribution to the development of anthropological studies of cultural production and sheds the light to the understanding of the war in B-H and the importance of music during conflict situations. ; Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Dissertation Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz 2021

Background: Preclinical research suggests that the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer can be enhanced by combining them with antiangiogenics, particularly in a sequential fashion. We sought to explore the efficacy and biomarkers of combining the anti-PD-L1 durvalumab plus the antiangiogenic bevacizumab after bevacizumab monotherapy for advanced HER2-negative breast cancer. Methods: Patients had advanced HER2-negative disease that progressed while receiving single-agent bevacizumab maintenance as a part of a previous chemotherapy plus bevacizumab regimen. Treatment consisted of bi-weekly durvalumab plus bevacizumab (10 mg/kg each i.v.). Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained before the first durvalumab dose and every 4 weeks and immunophenotyped by flow-cytometry. A fresh pre-durvalumab tumor biopsy was obtained; gene-expression studies and immunohistochemical staining to assess vascular normalization and characterize the immune infiltrate were conducted. Patients were classified as "non-progressors" if they had clinical benefit (SD/PR/CR) at 4 months. The co-primary endpoints were the changes in the percentage T cell subpopulations in PBMCs in progressors versus non-progressors, and PFS/OS time. Results: Twenty-six patients were accrued. Median PFS and OS were 3.5 and 11 months; a trend for a longer OS was detected for the hormone-positive subset (19.8 versus 7.4 months in triple-negatives; P = 0.11). Clinical benefit rate at 2 and 4 months was 60% and 44%, respectively, without significant differences between hormone-positive and triple-negative (P = 0.73). Non-progressors' tumors displayed vascular normalization features as a result of previous bevacizumab, compared with generally abnormal patterns observed in progressors. Non-progressors also showed increased T-effector and T-memory signatures and decreased TREG signatures in gene expression studies in baseline—post-bevacizumab—tumors compared with progressors. Notably, analysis of PBMC populations before durvalumab treatment was concordant with the findings in tumor samples and showed a decreased percentage of circulating TREGs in non-progressors. Conclusions: This study reporting on sequential bevacizumab+durvalumab in breast cancer showed encouraging activity in a heavily pre-treated cohort. The correlative studies agree with the preclinical rationale supporting an immunopriming effect exerted by antiangiogenic treatment, probably by reducing TREGs cells both systemically and in tumor tissue. The magnitude of this benefit should be addressed in a randomized setting. Trial registration: (www.clinicaltrials.gov): NCT02802098. Registered on June 16, 2020. ; MQF is a recipient of the following grants: AES - PI16/00354 funded by the ISCIII and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and B2017/BMD3733 (Immunothercan-CM) - Call for Coordinated Research Groups from Madrid Region - Madrid Regional Government - ERDF funds. SM is a recipient of the following grants: Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (SAF2017-83732-R; AEI/FEDER, EU) and co-funded by Comunidad de Madrid (B2017/BMD3733; Immunothercan-CM). RC is a recipient RC is a recipient of the ISCIII grants PIE15/00068 and PI17/01865. The study was also funded by CRIS Contra el Cancer Foundation and Astra Zeneca Spain. Astra Zeneca Spain provided durvalumab

En esta introducción queremos repasar algunas de las temáticas esenciales que caracterizaron el trabajo de nuestro maestro Joan Pagès. A Joan el concepto de "maestro" le gustaba, consideraba que era una de las palabras más bonitas y de más alto rango que existen. De hecho, él fue, antes que nada, un maestro y así se definía con orgullo. Su gran preocupación fue siempre cómo mejorar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lo social, cómo educar una ciudadanía más crítica, más democrática, más comprometida. Así que haremos un pequeño recorrido por algunas temáticas sobre las que investigó y reflexionó, sobre las que debatió con entusiasmo y a las que hizo aportaciones que tanto nos han ayudado, a quienes creemos que la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales puede servir para lograr un mundo mejor. Recordamos aquí algunas de sus contribuciones más importantes, pero no pretendemos mostrar su obra, que abarca cerca de 400 publicaciones y una gran cantidad de temáticas, desde la enseñanza del tiempo histórico, la memoria y la conciencia histórica, el currículum, la formación del profesorado, la educación económica, jurídica, política, la educación para la ciudadanía, la participación, el trabajo a partir de problemas sociales o cuestiones socialmente vivas, la competencia social y ciudadana, el pensamiento social crítico, entre otras. Solo pretendemos señalar algunos aspectos de su trabajo, como ejemplo de la trascendencia de su obra. Esta introducción sirve de preámbulo a los distintos autores y autoras que han querido participar en este número de REIDICS, y que completan este monográfico de homenaje al maestro. ; In this introduction we would like to review some of the essential themes that characterised the work of our master Joan Pagès. Joan liked the concept of "master", he considered it to be one of the most beautiful and highest-ranking words in existence. In fact, he was, first and foremost, a master and that is how he proudly defined himself. His great concern was always how to improve social teaching and learning, how to educate a more critical, more democratic, more committed citizenry. So we will take a brief look at some of the topics on which he researched and reflected, on which he debated with enthusiasm and to which he made contributions that have helped those of us who believe that the teaching of social sciences can serve to achieve a better world. We recall here some of his most important contributions, but we do not intend to show his work, which covers nearly 400 publications and a large number of topics, from the teaching of historical time, memory and historical awareness, curriculum, teacher training, economic, legal and political education, education for citizenship, participation, work based on social problems or socially live issues, social and civic competence, critical social thinking, among others. We only intend to point out some aspects of his work, as an example of the transcendence of his work. This introduction serves as a preamble to the different authors who have wished to participate in this issue of REIDICS, and who complete this monographic tribute to the master. ; peerReviewed

Las primeras imágenes cinematográficas rodadas por los estadounidenses en Cuba se remontan a la Guerra Hispano cubana norteamericana, anterior al surgimiento de Hollywood y su consolidación como industria del espectáculo. Los filmes producidos en esta etapa constituyen el preámbulo del denominado cine de propaganda política que, según el historiador Román Gubern, ha llegado hasta la actualidad y, sobre todo, develan el carácter manipulador que desde sus inicios ha tenido el lenguaje cinematográfico. Entre las décadas del `30 y `40 los filmes realizados por Hollywood en la isla han proyectado una imagen exótica y estereotipada sobre la identidad cubana. No solo se ha desvirtuado nuestra memoria histórica, sino también nuestros valores identitarios, imagen que se ha extendido hasta el contexto actual.En la extensa historia del cine hollywoodense no son pocas las cintas que han abordado aspectos de nuestra historia. Independientemente de la calidad de la gran mayoría de estos filmes, no se puede minimizar su importancia en el obsesivo intento por construir una imagen creíble y veraz sobre Cuba. Aunque la gran mayoría de las cintas realizadas por cineastas estadounidenses sobre la isla se encuentran limitadas por el hecho de haberse rodado en espacios y locaciones de otras naciones con semejanzas geográficas y culturales con Cuba, dicha limitación no es sinónimo de pobreza artística. El objetivo fundamental de este ensayo radica en el análisis de la representación de la imagen e identidad de Cuba en la industria de Hollywood, a partirdel estallido de la Guerra Hispano-cubana-norteamericana el 15 de febrero de 1898 hasta la administración del presidente Barack Obama, período histórico conocido como el Deshielo, porque ambas naciones decidieron restablecer relaciones diplomáticas interrumpidas en plena Guerra Fría, específicamente en 1961. ; Cuban Cinema is said to date back to the first moving images shot by Americans in Cuba during the Spanish-Cuban-American War (1898) an era that precedes the rise of Hollywood and its global hegemony. Today, we would call these pioneering films 'political propaganda' - that historian Román Gubern has argued reveal the eternally manipulative nature of cinematographic language. In the long history of Hollywood cinema, there are many films that have addressed aspects of Cuban identity, and we cannot diminish their influence - or at least the effort - in building a credible and truthful image of Cuba.However, since its early days, Hollywood has also often projected an exotic and stereotyped representation of Cuban identity-based on many films that were actually shot in spaces and locations outside the island. I argue that in this process, not only the nation's historical memory has been distorted, but it is a phenomenon that continues to the present day. This essay takes a panoramic view of the representation of Cuban identity, culture, and history in Hollywood, from the times of the Spanish-Cuban-American War until the recent administration of President Barack Obama, a period marked by the famous Cuban Thaw. At stake, are the issues of ethics of representation of the "other" amid power differentials in cinema about Cuba, but also across Latin America.

The process that gave rise to the birth of political identities in the Iberian Peninsula were based on a hierarchy of milestones and protagonists-both real and legendary-which formed during the Middle Ages and remained alive and well into the Modern Age. One of the figures who repeatedly features in the memory of the Iberian Peninsular is "Don Pelayo". The shadowy northern leader-either Asturian or Visigoth-has travelled the roads of historiography, political literature and even popular romances and theatre, to become a cornerstone in the origins of the Spanish Monarchy during the Early Modern Age. This article focuses on the figure of Pelagius of Asturias in a bid to understand the construction of political imagines among Portuguese aristocrats, genealogists and writers during the Crisis of 1640. Synoptic reading of their works offers potential new approaches for studying the history of the Early Middle Ages during the emergence of Gothicism, the conflict between Philip IV and John IV, the creative processes at work in historical argumentation regarding one of the theoretical fathers of the Iberian nations and, above all, a model for reforming declining monarchies, held to the mirror of "Restoration Spain". ; Los procesos de gestación de identidades políticas en la península ibérica se fundamentaron en una jerarquía de hitos y protagonistas que, entre la realidad y la leyenda, tomaron cuerpo durante el Medievo y perduraron con vitalidad hasta la Edad Contemporánea. Uno de los sujetos que reiteradamente aparecieron en los anaqueles de la memoria hispana fue «don Pelayo». El oscuro caudillo norteño —bien astur, bien hispanogodo— vadeó los caminos de la historiografía, la literatura política e, incluso, los romances populares y el teatro para convertirse en la piedra angular de los orígenes de la Monarquía de España durante la Edad Moderna. El presente artículo utilizará la figura de Pelayo de Asturias para comprender la construcción de imágenes políticas entre aristócratas, genealogistas y tratadistas portugueses durante la crisis de 1640. El estudio sinóptico de sus producciones escritas abrirá nuevas perspectivas para afrontar el estudio del pasado altomedieval durante la eclosión del goticismo, el conflicto entre Felipe IV y João IV y los procesos creativos de argumentación histórica sobre uno de los teóricos padres de las naciones ibéricas y, sobre todo, un modelo de reformación de monarquías en declive ante el espejo de la «restauración de España» ; Este estudio forma parte del proyecto «Failure: Reversing the Genealogies of Unsuccess, 16th-19th Centuries» (H2020-MSCA-RISE, Grant Agreement: 823998), dentro de las líneas de trabajo establecidas en el WP4 «Unsuccessful polities, from Empire to Nations, and Internal Relationships», financiado por the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. En su preparación ha sido fundamental la investigación documental y las actividades científicas vinculadas a una estancia José Castillejo para jóvenes doctores (CAS17-00062), financiada por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de España y desarrollada en el Centro de História d'Aquém e d'Além-Mar de la Universidade Nova de Lisboa, bajo supervisión del profesor Pedro Cardim

Various research convincingly demonstrated positive influence of certain sports and physical exercises on brain and brain functions in general, and on cognitive functions in particular. As it has been demonstrated, efficient and well-developed cognitive functions enhance all human activities and are of crucial importance for learning. In particular, this paper focuses on the positive correlation between certain sports and language learning and its relevance to the Second Language Acquisition studies (SLA). In SLA, students' ability to process input strongly depends on their cognitive abilities, namely, their abilities to process audio and visual input. As various researchers demonstrated, some sports enhance sportsmen's abilities of audio and visual perception; these developed cognitive abilities may, in turn, enhance SLA process. The paper analyses some data collected during the experiments with three groups of students, age 20-23: basketball players, judo wrestlers and control group whose members practiced sports only 2h/week. Three groups were exposed to three types of stimuli: (reverse chess pattern, tone click, flash of light); their brain activity was monitored by EEG. The obtained results demonstrated that basketball players manifested better-developed cognitive abilities responsible for the perception of audio and video stimuli. They were also faster in making decisions on the basis of the video/audio stimuli perceived. Similar results were obtained by American psychologists (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign). Their study involved 87 Brazilian volleyball players and 67 persons who don't practice sports. The results were published in Frontiers in Psychology. Experiments have shown that athletes are usually better in controlling their reactions and are able to slow down their reactions, if necessary. According to the professor of Psychology Arthur Kramer, one of the authors of the research, "Athletes can perceive information faster and switch quicker between different tasks than those who don't practice sports." During the experiment, all the participants were asked to perform tasks to test their cognitive abilities (information perception, memory, reactions). The most interesting discovery was that the athletes had significant cognitive advantages over women and men who had not practiced sports. Volleyball players were faster in reactions, in noticing differences in the pictures, in identifying the missing details in puzzles. The process of auditory and visual perception and processing involves many neural structures: from primary units of signal processing sensors to higher levels of processing, responsible for stimuli recognition and decision-making. As it is known, individual waves of cognitive evoked potentials reflect the involvement of certain neural mechanisms of visual and auditory systems in processing and recognition of stimuli of corresponding modality. Wave characteristics can indirectly indicate working speed of specific units of the neural circuit and the number of neurons involved; it may allow measuring the influence of various sports training loads on the development of neural chains involved in audio/video stimuli perception, processing and decision-making. These aspects are also considered important for input processing in SLA. The paper analyses positive contribution of certain sports to learning in general, and Second Language Acquisition in particular, using neuroscience, psychological and socio-cultural approaches.

Resumo: O objetivo geral deste artigo é refletir, a partir de uma pesquisa em curso, sobre a marcante presença da religião neopentecostal no cotidiano de uma comunidade remanescente de quilombo, em Campos dos Goytacazes, principal cidade da região Norte Fluminense. O referencial teórico integra a Psicologia Social Comunitária e a Psicossociologia e expõe-se a experiência de campo que teve suas primeiras aproximações nessa comunidade rural em 2016. A metodologia é participativa e articula ensino, pesquisa e extensão na Universidade Federal Fluminense, neste sentido, aposta-se nas aberturas possíveis em direção a liberdade religiosa e a igualdade entre os cidadãos. Apresenta-se uma discussão da função ocupada pela religião no referencial freudiano e do surgimento das religiões pentecostais e neopentecostais no Brasil.Observa-se que muitas dessas comunidades remanescentes de quilombos, tem posições de apagamento de sua memória histórica. Entende-se o caráter dinâmico e provisório de toda pesquisa, entretanto, admite-se que a troca da universidade com os sujeitos comunitários promove a democratização do conhecimento e a construção de saberes periféricos. Conclui-se no percurso da presente investigação, a desconsideração da cultura, da história e das tradições religiosas afro-brasileiras. Diante de condições de vida precárias, a ilusão religiosa oferece alguns amparos e referências numa localidade que acredita-se esquecida pelo Estado. No contexto comunitário destaca-se a importância da aproximação com as políticas públicas e, em especial, as políticas de igualdade étnica e racial e para que essa ação se efetive, enfatiza-se na prática profissional a articulação entre aspectos microestruturais e macroestruturais.Palavras-chave: Comunidade rural. Religião. Psicologia comunitária. Psicossociologia. Abstract: The general objective of this article is to reflect, based on an ongoing research, on the remarkable presence of the neopentecostal religion in the daily life of a remnant quilombo community, in Campos dos Goytacazes, the main city in the Northern Fluminense region. The theoretical framework integrates Community Social Psychology and Psychosociology and exposes the field experience that had its first approaches in this rural community in 2016. The methodology is participatory and articulates teaching, research and extension at the Universidade Federal Fluminense, in this sense, bets the possible openings towards religious freedom and equality among citizens. A discussion is presented of the role occupied by religion in the Freudian framework and the rise of Pentecostal and Neopentecostal religions in Brazil. It is observed that many of these remaining quilombo communities have positions to erase their historical memory. The dynamic and provisional nature of all research is understood, however, it is admitted that the exchange of the university with community subjects promotes the democratization of knowledge and the construction of peripheral knowledge. It concludes in the course of the present investigation, the disregard of afro-brazilian culture, history and religious traditions. Faced with precarious living conditions, the religious illusion offers some support and references in a location that has been forgotten by the State. The relationship between macrostructural and microstructural aspects constitutes an important commitment in the community context as a bridge to approach public policies and, in particular, policies of ethnic and racial equality.Keywords: Rural community. Religion. Community psychology. Psychosociology.

Problem setting. In the present conditions, information security is an important component of national security of the state as a whole system. During the "hybrid wars", information security issues become especially relevant. In recent years, our country has faced a variety of threats, including those which aimed at the information and communication sphere.Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of information security of the Ukrainian society in condition of the "hybrid war" has been covered in a number of publications. In particular, authors of a thorough study, edited by V. Gorbulin, showed the multifaceted nature of phenomenon of the "hybrid war" and revealed its characteristic features and peculiarities. The systematic understanding of the essence of information security and information threats at the present stage of national state formation is presented in the scientific works of O. Danilian, O. Dzoban, Y. Kalynovsky, E. Manuilov and others. In its turn, G. Shevchenko reflects on the interconnection of information and spiritual security, identifying major threats of value, mental and cultural nature.Paper objective. The purpose of our scientific research is identifying the major threats and challenges to the information security of Ukrainian society in the "hybrid war".Paper main body. One of the main means of conducting a "hybrid war" is the so-called information weapon, which in its effectiveness and consequences poses a significant threat to any state involved in hybrid confrontation, particularly for Ukraine. It should be noted that information weapons are especially effective against a country in crisis, where the public consciousness is dominated by value ambivalence, socio-political uncertainty. The use of information weapons becomes especially effective when there is a confrontation between political forces in the state, there is a crisis of moral and legal consciousness, and a weak patriotic elite in all spheres of public life. Understanding the information security should include not only the protection of information resources of society, the state and individual, but also the retention of valuable aspects of historical memory, cultural traditions, specific national and the ethnic way of life of Ukrainian people. In this context, researchers talk about protection of the informational sovereignty of our country, the understanding of which absorbs the legal, political, value-cultural, security and information processes in the country.Conclusions of the research. Thus, present threats to the information security of Ukrainian society in condition of the "hybrid war" have multidirectional nature and appeared in communication, technical, value, political, legal, socio-economic and other spheres. The existence of these threats is caused by both external negative influences and internal instability factors. ; Определены характеристики "гибридной войны" и особенности ее проявления в информационном пространстве Украины. Раскрыты базовые угрозы информационной безопасности украинского общества в условиях гибридного противостояния. Исследована сущность информационного оружия и направления его применения во время "гибридной войны". Проанализирован характер угроз и негативных воздействий субъектов гибридных атак в социальных сетях. ; Визначено характеристики "гібридної війни" та особливості її прояву у інформаційному просторі України. Розкрито базові загрози інформаційній безпеці вітчизняного суспільства в умовах гібридного протистояння. Досліджено сутність інформаційної зброї та напрямки її застосування під час "гібридної війни". Проаналізовано характер небезпек і негативних впливів суб᾽єктів гібридних атак у соціальних мережах.