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In Nigeria and Republic of Benin borders, people move across the boundary without possessing all the necessary documents to back up their journey. It is on this premise that this study examines the salient factors responsible for movement of people across Nigeria - Republic of Benin borders. The study covers three local government areas in Ogun state sharing borders with Republic of Benin. The structured questionnaire was designed to elicit information from the head of household on their involvement in trans-border trading. Secondary data were obtained from the documentary sources. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyses the data. The finding revealed that people move freely across the borders to visit their friends, engage in social functions and involved in trans-border trading. The study concludes that the Nigerian government should regulate the custom duty imposed on goods imported into the country so as to normalize the differential in the price of goods. Besides, there is need to enlighten the communities border the rationale behind the possession of travelling document before crossing the international boundaries. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n1p415

The implications of delegating fiscal decision making power to sub-national governments has become an area of significant interest over the past two decades, in the expectation that these reforms will lead to better and more efficient provision of public goods and services. The move towards decentralization has, however, not been homogeneously implemented on the revenue and expenditure side: decentralization has materialized more substantially on the latter than on the former, creating vertical fiscal imbalances. These imbalances measure the extent to which sub-national governments' expenditures are financed through their own revenues. This mismatch between own revenues and expenditures may have negative consequences for public finances performance, for example by softening the budget constraint of sub-national governments. Using a large sample of countries covering a long time period from the IMF's Government Finance Statistics Yearbook, this paper is the first to examine the effects of vertical fiscal imbalances on fiscal performance through the accumulation of government debt. Our findings suggest that vertical fiscal imbalances are indeed relevant in explaining government debt accumulation, and call for a degree of caution when promoting fiscal decentralization.

This study examines the Effects of Project Management Techniques on Primary Health Care Delivery. A review of literatures on primary health care delivery showed that most public health professionals receive little or no formal training in project management. This has led to improper usage of project management methods for planning, scheduling and controlling. To assess the situation 200 questionnaires were administered to patients at primary health centers in the five divisions of Lagos State using systematic random sampling technique. Also 20 questionnaires were administered to middle and top management staff of the Primary Health Care centers in the five divisions using stratified random sampling technique, and judgment sampling technique. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that greater percentage of the variance that occurred in the dependent variables could be explained by the project management techniques indicators identified by this study. It was therefore recommended among others that Lagos State government should organize regular training programmes on project management techniques for workers in the primary health care sector.

The aim of this study was to examine global competitiveness and governmental support as to whether they affected the performance of organic agricultural product export business in Thailand. Data were collected from 62 Thailand organic agricultural product export business managers. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of the study. The statistics used for analyzing thecollected data were t-test, F-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings were that global competitiveness had a positive and negative relation that affected the performance of the business. Therefore, the organic agricultural product export business managers have to emphasize more developing the ability to learn and understand world competition so that their organizational performance can become efficient and effective and to bring a sustainable competitive advantage to the global market. Governmental support had a positive and negative relation that affected the performance of the business as well. Thus, governmental sectors have to, similarly, focus more on supporting the organic agricultural product export business in Thailand in many aspects, for example, with market expansion, market channels, etc., in order to improve business performance and enlarge market share at a higher level.

Имеющиеся статистические показатели не раскрывают всё многообразие внешних эффектов культуры и не обеспечивают потребности системы управления в актуальной, объективной информации. В статье сделана попытка адаптировать репрезентативные модельные ситуации, на основе которых выстраивается система экономических координат сферы культуры. Одним из таковых показателей является коэффициент эластичности. Индикаторы, в том числе и коэффициент эластичности, способны выполнять как минимум, три функции: выступать теоретической моделью, оборачиваться методом для методических служб ведомств, стать основой для разработки системы мониторинга и оценки государственных программ. ; A vailable statistics do not reveal the diversity of culture and external effects, do not provide a control system needing in timely objective information. In his article the author makes an attempt to adapt the representative models which build the basis of the coordinate system of economic sphere of culture. One of these indicators is a coefficient of elasticity. Indicators including the coefficient of elasticity can perform at least three functions: to act as a theoretical model, to turn as a method for teaching services departments, to provide the basis for developing a system of monitoring and evaluation of government programs.

This paper analyzed the determinants of allocative efficiency of rainfed rice production in Taraba State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 234 rain-fed rice farmers through multi-stage random sampling. Stochastic frontier cost function was employed to analyse the data. Majority (82%) of the respondents were males, 84% of them were in their active ages (21-50 years), 89% had one form of formal education or the other, 64% have farmed for more than five years and about 85% were small scale holders. The diagnostic statistics, gamma (0.84) and sigma squared (0.03), were statistically significant at 1% probability level. The result further revealed that cost of herbicide, seed and family labour were significant at 1% level, while cost of hired labour and ploughing were significant at 5% level. The mean allocative efficiency (AE) was 0.69. The analysis also showed that education and farming experience were the major determinants of allocative efficiency among the respondents. Government should enhance farmers' education levels through the establishment of functional literacy classes to improve their allocative efficiency.

This article addresses the issue of visa liberalisation between Russia and the European Union, which constitutes a key aspect of the parties' diplomatic cooperation. This work sets out to identify the main results of Russia/EU cooperation. The authors have conducted a brief historical analysis of this area of relations. The visa "regionalisation" is considered in the context of identifying the key actors of the EU-Russia negotiations: the Kaliningrad region, Germany, Poland, and Lithuania. In their analysis, the authors rely mostly on primary sources: intergovernmental agreements on simplified border traffic, border-crossing statistics for the Kaliningrad region in the framework of the local border traffic, expert interviews, and related analytic reports. Specifically, local border traffic is viewed as the most effective form of interaction in the field of visa regime simplification and border territory development. An assessment of the positions of key negotiators shows that local border traffic between the Kaliningrad region of Russia and the Polish border voivodeships is a success, which stresses the need for a prompt transition to a visa-free regime with the EU.

This Study aims to formulate the strategy of market share growth for islamicbangking is need to examine how much the effect of each independent variable is ROA, CAR,FDR, NPF, and REO on the dependent variable (Market Share) on Islamic Banking inIndonesia. The research was conducted on Islamic Banking in Indonesia, BUS and UUS usingfinancial statement data are monthly basis for 36 months, starting in January 2010-December2012. The method of analysis in this study is the analysis Descriptive Statistics and SimpleLinear Regression Analysis. The test results suggest that, first, ROA has a positive significanteffect on Market Share. Second, CAR has a positive significant effect on Market Share. Third,FDR had a positive significant effect on Market Share. Fourth, NPF has a significant negativeeffect on Market Share. Fifth, REO has a significant negative effect on Market Share. Basedthat condition, so, strategy to improve market share growth for Islamic banking must beconcern to qualitative aspects such as sufficient costumer service, product innovative,banking education for costumer, etc. All of that aspects must be supported by government,central bank, Islamic banking, and societyDOI: 10.15408/akt.v7i2.2675

This present study was mainly designed to examine the relationships between the typology of deviant workplace behavior (such as, production deviance, property deviance, political deviance, and personal aggression) and job performance. Deviant workplace behavior was measured by the Multidimensional Scale while job performance was assessed by Tsui et al.,'s Job Performance Scale. Data for this study were collected from 201 employed MBA students studying at four private universities in Chittagong, a port city of Bangladesh, who were asked to rate their supervisors' deviant workplace behavior and job performance with the help of self-administered questionnaires. In data collection, this study used convenience sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and regression analysis. Results indicated a negative correlation between the typology of deviant workplace behavior and job performance. The main implication of the study was that as the existence of deviant workplace behavior is a prior indication of poor job performance, hence preventive measures should be taken to minimize it. The most important limitation was in using convenience samples that might limit the generalizability of the results. Future research directions are also discussed.

Статья освещает причины нарушения основополагающих трудовых прав работников, живущих с ВИЧ/СПИДом или пострадавших от него, которые выражаются в дискриминации и стигматизации. Проанализированы нормативно-правовые акты субъектов Российской Федерации, их рекомендации по внесению в коллективные договоры отдельных положений по формированию здорового образа жизни, профилактике социального заболевания ВИЧ-инфекции, а также приведена статистика лиц, заболевших ВИЧ/СПИДом. Статья основана на анализе основных положений международных актов, федерального законодательства и законодательства субъектов Российской Федерации. ; The article deals with the causes of the violation of fundamental labor rights of workers living with HIV/AIDS or affected by it, which are expressed in discrimination and stigmatization. The normative-legal acts of subjects of the Russian Federation, their recommendations for the inclusion of certain rules, promoting healthy mode of life and prevention of the social HIV-infection disease, in the collective agreements have been analyzed and the statistics of people diseased with HIV/AIDS is submitted. This article is based on the analysis of the main provisions of international acts, the federal legislation and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The capacity needs assessment (CNA) was conducted at three levels: at the policy process/enabling environment level, organizational level, and individual level. The assessment focused on the thematic issues related to (1) strategic policy analysis, (2) M&E, and (3) knowledge management and sharing. Thirteen organizations were covered in this assessment: government ministries, research organizations, universities, and professional associations. In the Ethiopian agriculture policy process, this study noted that the Ethiopian Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED) has a role in initiating country‐level strategies, while the Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) plays a role in initiating sector‐specific policies such as land policy, seed policy, and others. The Central Statistics Agency (CSA) is the major and the official source of data and information. Research centers and universities, on the other hand, are significant sources of rigorous research and policy analysis reports. The Parliament and the prime minister's office mainly ratify and follow implementation of policies, while donors play a key role by providing technical expert advice and funds. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; ReSAKSS ; DSGD; WCAO; ESAO

The purpose of this research was to study the influence of accountants' potential performance on their working process, a case study of Government Savings Banks in the northeast of Thailand. The independent variables included accounting knowledge, accounting skill, accounting value, accounting ethics, and accounting attitude, while the dependent variable included the success of the working process. A total of 155 accountants working for Government Savings Banks were selected by random sampling. A questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data. Descriptive statistics in this research included percentage, mean, and multiple regression analyses. The findings revealed that the majority of accountants were female with an age between 35-40 years old. Most of the respondents had an undergraduate degree with ten years of experience. Moreover, the factors of accounting knowledge, accounting skill, accounting a value and accounting ethics and accounting attitude were rated at a high level. The findings from regression analysis of observation data revealed a causal relationship in that the observation data could explain at least 51 percent of the success in the accountants' working process.

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

The Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) argues that inclusion begins on day one of arrival in the UK and that successful inclusion is closely related to the standard of reception procedures and people's experience (2006). However, this paper argues that inclusion for migrants within Wales is a complex mixture both of belonging and of exclusion and is at once national, local, and multiple in its formation. This paper moves beyond statistics on belonging and community by attaching a more nuanced and detailed understanding of the everyday situation of belonging and community for migrants living in Wales. By highlighting the way in which belonging is multiscalar, operating in and through the everyday, and is influenced and driven by individual circumstance and context I demonstrate the complexities of this term. This paper draws on in-depth qualitative research conducted in South Wales to outline how migrants in this context attest to and negotiate multiple senses of belonging. In telling their stories, this paper offers new directions in how we approach the nature of belonging for migrant groups by drawing on the practice and performance of everyday life.

The Web provides access to a mass of heterogeneous information such as: websites, news, articles, statistics, numbers, facts and so on. Accessing this information through search engines and browsing is nowadays a standard procedure for everyone. Interactive visualizations are not yet an integral part of this search process due to a long-time lack of standards for native graphics on the Web and a lack of models for their connectivity. However, interactive visualizations provide a lot of benefits like (1) a variety of different representations for big, heterogeneous and complex information and (2) their interactivity that supports the cognition process of the user. In this article, a model for the integration of interactive visualizations into the process of information searching and linking on the Web is developed. This enables interactive visualizations to be an integral part of the web search process. The model has been used as basis for the implementation of the Vizgr toolkit and has been applied and tested in different application scenarios. This article is a shortened and revised summary of the relevant chapter in the dissertation of Hienert (2013).