Suchergebnisse

"One of the most challenging problems in the history of Western ideas stems from the emergence of modernity out of the preceding period of the Latin Middle Ages. This volume develops and extends the insights of the noted scholar Thomas M. Izbicki into the so-called medieval/modern divide. The contributors include a wide array of eminent international scholars from the fields of History, Theology, Philosophy, and Political Science, all of whom explore how medieval ideas framed and shaped the thought of later centuries. This sometimes involved the evolution of intellectual principles associated with the definition and imposition of religious orthodoxy. Also addressed is the Great Schism in the Roman Church that set into question the foundations of ecclesiology. In the same era, philosophical and theoretical innovations reexamined conventional beliefs about metaphysics, epistemology and political life, perhaps best encapsulated by the fifteenth-century philosopher, theologian and political theorist Nicholas of Cusa"--

The seventh joint meeting of the members of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe and of the European Parliamentary Assembly of the European Communities was held on June 24 and 25, 1960, in the House of Europe at Strasbourg, with the Presidents of the two Assemblies presiding alternately over the sittings.

IN ENGLISH: This article compares the politics of history and positions on the EU of six ruling populist leaders and their parties (Fidesz, PiS, SDS, GERB, ANO and OĽaNO) from Central and Eastern European (CEE) EU member states. Through the comparison of leaders' biographies and longitudinal analysis of party electoral manifestos an overlap between two types of CEE populism and two types of mnemonic actors in the region is found. Radical right-wing populist parties (Fidesz, PiS and SDS) are more oriented towards national histories, memory wars against ex-communists and critical events for losing or gaining their national sovereignty (mnemonic warriors). Centrist populist parties (GERB, ANO and OĽaNO) largely ignore that kind of narrative and focus on anti-corruption or promises of managing the state more effectively (mnemonic abnegators). Radical right-wing populist parties are also more likely to challenge the Brussels elites by using examples from their national histories. Emphasis on national traumas, anti- communism and their leaders' vision of politics labelled here as combat tasks politics seems to be contributing to their Euroscepticism. Combat tasks politics, i.e. seeing politics as a constant battle against political enemies, underpins the Eurosceptic narratives of Kaczyński, Orbán and Janša-former dissidents who were politically socialised while challenging militarised communist regimes. --- IN CROATIAN: Članak uspoređuje politike povijesti i stavove o EU šest vladajućih populističkih stranaka iz Srednje i Istočne Europe (Fidesz, PiS, SDS, GERB, ANO i OĽaNO). Usporedbom biografija čelnika i longitudinalnom analizom stranačkih izbornih manifesta otkriva se preklapanje između dva tipa populizma i dva tipa mnemoničkih aktera u regiji. Radikalno desne populističke stranke (Fidesz, PiS i SDS) više su orijentirane na nacionalne povijesti, ratove sjećanja protiv bivših komunista i kritične događaje za gubitak ili stjecanje nacionalnog suvereniteta (mnemonički ratnici). Centrističke populističke stranke (GERB, ANO i OĽaNO) uglavnom zanemaruju takve narative i usredotočuju se na borbu protiv korupcije ili obećanja učinkovitijeg upravljanja državom (odbacitelji sjećanja). Radikalno desne populističke stranke također u većoj mjeri oponiraju briselskim elitama koristeći primjere iz svoje nacionalne povijesti. Čini se da naglasak na nacionalnim traumama, antikomunizam i vizija politike njihovih vođa (ovdje označena kao politika borbenih zadataka) određuje njihov euroskepticizam. Politika borbenih zadataka, tj. gledanje na politiku kao stalnu bitku protiv političkih neprijatelja, određuje euroskeptične narative Kaczyńskog, Orbána i Janše - bivših disidenata koji su prošli političku socijalizaciju dok su se suprotstavljali militariziranim komunističkim režimima.

Abstract
Most medieval Hebrew manuscripts in late medieval Iberia, especially those containing non-religious texts, were copied by individuals for their personal use. Hebrew medical codices were thus very often both written and used by Jewish physicians. Considering these manuscripts as material objects opens a new window onto medical practice among the Jewish community. This article uses two case studies—one exploring a single manuscript (Vatican Biblioteca Apostolica ebr. 362) and the various medical texts it contains and the other following the transmission of a single medical text (Bernard de Gordon's Lilium medicinae) through a number of different manuscripts—to inquire into what can be learned from the scribal practices of the Jewish doctors who wrote, owned and used these manuscripts.

The cutting-edge papers in this collection come from some of the most distinguished practitioners world-wide in the fields of Crusading history and the maritime history of the medieval Mediterranean. Issues covered include ship construction, navigation and harbourage issues in the eastern Mediterranean, trade in Fatimid Egypt and along the Iberian peninsula, military and social issues arising during Crusade field campaigns, and much more.