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This edited volume examines the performance of physicians, psychiatrists and other scientists as expert witnesses in modern European courts of law and police investigations. Its chapters discuss cases from criminal, civil and international law to parse the impact of forensic evidence and expertise in different European countries (Scotland, England, Germany, Spain, Italy, Russia, Portugal, Norway and the Netherlands) in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They show how modern forensic science and technology was inextricably entangled with political ideology, gender norms, changes in the law and legal systems. New scientific ideas and technology, such as blood tests and DNA, helped develop forensic science, but did not necessarily lead to a straightforward acceptance of expertise in the courtroom. Discussing fascinating case studies, the chapters in this book highlight how the ideology of authoritarian and liberal regimes affected the practical enactment of forensic expertise. They also emphasise the influence of images of masculinity and femininity on the performance of experts and their assessment of evidence, victims and perpetrators, for example in cases of rape, infanticide and crimes of passion. This book is an important contribution to our knowledge of modern European forensic practices, which, as several chapters underline, sometimes surprisingly diverge from institutional regulations.

This book addresses debates around radicalisation and political violence, and presents a timely analysis of the politics of emotions in narratives of political activism and violence. Drawing on extensive primary data consisting of texts, audios, and videos produced by five Islamist organisations active in the UK in the 2000s and Germany in the early 2010s, the book explores how collective actors move from moderate politics to (violent) extremism. The book develops an innovative theoretical and methodological framework at the intersection of world politics, peace and conflict studies, critical terrorism research, literary studies, and transdisciplinary emotion research. In the first part, Clément problematises previous categorisations of Islamist activism and reconstructs organisations' phases of activism in a data-driven, systematic way. In the second part, the analysis centres on how organisations legitimise changes in activism narratively. Specifically, the book delves into the performance of collective emotions in and through narrative and interrogates their effects on (violent) collective action. By introducing the concept of 'narrative emotionalisation', Clément adds to our understanding of narrative deployments in the context of political violence. While organisations couch radical changes in activism in a strikingly similar romantic narrative, the compared analysis across cases reveals that 'narrative emotionalisation' fully unfolds only in phases of extremism. By exploring how non-state actors manage collective emotions, this book extends beyond the ideology-centric and strategic-rationalist approaches to group radicalisation. It offers an insightful and nuanced account of non-state agency and emotion dynamics in political conflicts.

This chapter analyses Konstantin Simonov's thought from the largely understudied point of view of de-Stalinization. Simonov showed already in 1956 how the representation of the Great Patriotic war was tightly intertwined with the personality cult of Stalin, and how this entanglement had caused literature and art either to portray Soviet reality in a distorted manner or to keep silent about social difficulties. By criticizing key authoritative documents of the early post-war years, Simonov revealed how Stalin's wish to forge the image of the Great Patriotic war resulted in the widespread tendency of embellishing reality in Soviet literature and art. The chapter also tracks how the Party rebuked Simonov's claims without mentioning him as the initiator of the ideas. The chapter thus testifies to some of the problems of 'de-Stalinization' and how some of its key issues could not be openly discussed in the Soviet Union until the late 1980s. The chapter is based on previously untapped archival material, and it contributes to the scholarly discussion of the thaw-era de-Stalinization, Simonov's roles within the Soviet literary establishment, and questions of the representation of reality in Soviet art in general and the representation of the Great Patriotic war in particular.

This volume deals with the pragmatic dimension of negations and is oriented towards empirical studies of negatives' meanings and functions in media and public discourses.
Negation is one of our most central phenomena in human language and we use it daily for a vast range of different purposes: for rejection, denial and for expressing non-existence. Negation is certainly one of the most multidimensional and complex units in language, semantically, cognitively and syntactically, as well as from a functional, pragmatic, perspective.
Depending of the theoretical framework, sentence negation in particular has been identified as a modal operator, a truth-value operator, a rhetoric device, a figure of thought, a polarity item and a marker of linguistic polyphony and as a linguistic unit with a variety of discursive and contextual meanings.
There remain, nevertheless, a large number of unsolved questions regarding negative forms of expressions and negative functions within specific languages, within different social settings and throughout the languages of the world. Thus, by bringing together scholars from different countries, with studies on different languages this volume aims to shed light and contribute to new knowledge about the forms and functionality of this universal phenomenon. Linguists and pragmaticiens generally agree that the use of negatives escapes logic and pure semantic description and is therefore best analysed with tools from cognitive and pragmatic theories.
Similar themes connected to negatives approached from different perspectives and examined in different languages offer a contrastive reading that actually enlarges the spectra of new knowledge presented in the books's chapters.
Based on hypotheses within pragmatics and discourse analysis, the main assumption is here that forms of expressing negatives emerge and adjust constantly and in accordance with the cultural domain and the social setting of their appearance. This is why this volume focuses on the functions of negative expressions in specific domains and types of discourses.

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.
The COVID-19 pandemic has made unpaid care more visible through its absence, while also increasing the need for it.
Drawing on a range of research projects covering Canada, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the UK and the US, this book documents a broad spectrum of unpaid work performed by residents, relatives, volunteers and staff in nursing homes.
It demonstrates how boundaries between paid and unpaid work are flexible, varying considerably with conditions, time, place and intersectional populations.
By examining the complex labour process within nursing homes, this book provides insight and understanding which will be critical in planning for nursing home care post-pandemic.

The idea of giving cash, no-strings-attached, to the poor has become popular in the 21st century. While hardly a radical form of global redistribution, these cash grants, often known as unconditional cash transfers, claim to offer a new type of care that is less paternalistic than other forms of assistance. Caring Cash explores the caring practices that these grant experiments produced in the Nairobi ghetto of Korogocho. After receiving the grants, people there did not only look after themselves and their family, friends, lovers, clients and patrons, but also maintained the bonds that held them all together. Putting his interlocutors' lives in conversation with ideas around care, ethics and economies, Tom Neumark argues that for those in the ghetto, caring for relationships is as important as the care that takes place within relationships. Seeing care in this way reveals the importance of managing one's proximity, distance and detachment to others, and raises questions about the disquieting decisions that allow people to live together amidst violence and poverty.

Australia's 2022 federal election played out in ways that
few could have expected. Not only did it bring a change of government; it also
saw the lowest number of primary votes for the major parties and the election of
the greatest number of Independents to the lower house since the formation of
the Australian party system. The success of the Teal Independents and the
Greens, along with the appetite voters showed for 'doing politics
differently', suggested that the dominant model of electoral competition might
no longer be the two-party system of Labor versus Liberal. At the very least,
the continued usefulness of the two-party-preferred vote as a way of
conceptualising and predicting Australians' voting behaviour has been cast into
serious doubt. In Watershed, leading scholars analyse the election from the
ground up—focusing on the campaign issues, the actors involved, and the
successes and failures of campaign strategy—and show how digital media, visual
politics and fake news are changing the way politics is done. Other topics
include the impact of COVID-19 and the salience of climate, gender and integrity
issues, as well as voting patterns and polling accuracy. This authoritative book
is indispensable for understanding the disenchantment with the major parties,
the rise of Community Independents, and the role of the Australian Greens and
third parties. Watershed is the eighteenth in the ANU Press federal election
series and the tenth sponsored by the Academy of the Social Sciences in
Australia.

In recent decades, the technical handling of custody business in the OHADA region has undergone a lasting change. There has been a shift from a direct to an indirect holding system, in which the interests of an investor in respect of the underlying securities are recorded in the books of an intermediary (such as a bank or a securities firm). Under the law of all states within the OHADA region, the traditional conflict of laws rule for determining the enforceability of a securities pledge that occurs in the indirect holding system is the lex rei sitae (or the lex cartae sitae or the lex situs ) rule. However, the traditional lex rei sitae rule cannot be appropriately applied to a system where the dematerialised securities are held through multiple layers of intermediaries located in different jurisdictions. Yet, until the intermediated system and the collateralisation of intermediated securities in the OHADA region will continue to operate in somewhat legally murky waters, leading to more instability in the financial markets. Therefore, Justin Monsenepwoaims to find an appropriate and consistent approach that reflects the reality of the indirect holding system in the OHADA region. "This publication is essential reading for policy makers, academics, market participants, and legal practitioners in the OHADA region and beyond. I am convinced that its in-depth analysis of OHADA's substantive and conflict of laws rules will go a long way in filling the gap in this area and encouraging further development in the future." Christophe Bernasconi, Secretary General of the "Hague Conference on Private International Law" – HCCH in the foreword

Noncommunicable Diseases: A Compendium introduces readers to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) – what they are, their burden, their determinants and how they can be prevented and controlled.


Focusing on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease and their five shared main risk factors (tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and air pollution) as defined by the United Nations, this book provides a synopsis of one of the world's biggest challenges of the 21st century. NCDs prematurely claim the lives of millions of people across the world every year, with untold suffering to hundreds of millions more, trapping many people in poverty and curtailing economic growth and sustainable development. While resources between and within countries largely differ, the key principles of surveillance, prevention and management apply to all countries, as does the need to focus resources on the most cost-effective and affordable interventions and the need for strong political will, sufficient resources, and sustained and broad partnerships. This compendium consists of 59 short and accessible chapters in six sections: (i) describing and measuring the burden and impact of NCDs; (ii) the burden, epidemiology and priority interventions for individual NCDs; (iii) social determinants and risk factors for NCDs and priority interventions; (iv) global policy; (v) cross-cutting issues; and (vi) stakeholder action.


Drawing on the expertise of a large and diverse team of internationally renowned policy and academic experts, the book describes the key epidemiologic features of NCDs and evidence-based interventions in a concise manner that will be useful for policymakers across all parts of society, as well as for public health and clinical practitioners.

The sudden emergence of the Trump nation surprised nearly everyone, including journalists, pundits, political consultants, and academics. When Trump won in 2016, his ascendancy was widely viewed as a fluke. Yet time showed it was instead the rise of a movement—angry, militant, revanchist, and unabashedly authoritarian.

How did this happen? Twilight of the American State offers a sweeping exploration of how law and legal institutions helped prepare the grounds for this rebellious movement. The controversial argument is that, viewed as a legal matter, the American state is not just a liberal democracy, as most Americans believe. Rather, the American state is composed of an uneasy and unstable combination of different versions of the state—liberal democratic, administered, neoliberal, and dissociative. Each of these versions arose through its own law and legal institutions. Each emerged at different times historically. Each was prompted by deficits in the prior versions. Each has survived displacement by succeeding versions. All remain active in the contemporary moment—creating the political-legal dysfunction America confronts today.

Pierre Schlag maps out a big picture view of the tribulations of the American state. The book abjures conventional academic frameworks, sets aside prescriptions for quick fixes, dispenses with lamentations about polarization, and bypasses historical celebrations of the American Spirit.

This chapter concludes the volume, drawing together its different theoretical and empirical chapters. It argues that there is merit in looking beyond paradigmatic transitional contexts, since such a focus allows transitional justice to become relevant for a variety of justice actors, enables a decolonization of the field, and offers a new perspective on what can be expected of transitional justice. To make this argument the chapter discusses five themes that surface in the empirical chapters describing when transitional justice travels to aparadigmatic cases: 1. Pluralism and the unsettled character of transitional justice. 2. The standardisation of localized justice initiatives. 3. Ongoing transitions. 4. Political will and legitimacy. 5. Bridging the divide between scholars and practitioners. These five themes help to understand the contemporary field of transitional justice as it has expanded from transitional to non-transitional, aparadigmatic contexts.

This book looks at the history of the EU's trade negotiations with China from 1975 to 2019 from a distinctive perspective – the EU as a linkage power. The author explains how the EU through linkage strategies speaks with one voice, overcomes its weakness in military capabilities and translates its non-military capabilities into advantages and influences in some specific policy areas.

The book systematically traces the European negotiators' tactics in managing the EU's trade relations with China. It's the first time that the history of EU–China trade negotiations is presented to the public by a seasoned trade negotiator. The author, combining the identities of a negotiator and a scholar, gives a panoramic view of EU–China trade relations from 1975, when the European Economic Community established diplomatic relations with China, to 2019 when the Juncker Commission leaves office.


This book will appeal to policymakers, think-tankers, professors and students, as well as anyone who is interested in trade policies and negotiations in the EU and China.

Die Professionalisierung des Gebärdensprachdolmetschens ist ein kontingenter, fortdauernder und kompetitiver Prozess, bei dem Grenzziehungsarbeit eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Nadja Grbic rekonstruiert in ihrer theoretisch fundierten Untersuchung dessen Entwicklung in Österreich seit dem 19. Jahrhundert, zeigt institutionelle Bedingungen der Professionalisierung auf und gibt Einsichten in Wahrnehmungsmuster, Handlungslogiken und Entscheidungsprozesse der Akteur*innen. Damit entwirft sie einen alternativen Erklärungsrahmen zu Fortschrittsmodellen, der über den Fall des Gebärdensprachdolmetschens hinaus eine differenzierte Betrachtung der Vielgestaltigkeit translatorischer Tätigkeiten ermöglicht.

This volume contends that Evidential Pluralism—an account of the epistemology of causation, which maintains that in order to establish a causal claim one needs to establish the existence of a correlation and the existence of a mechanism—can be fruitfully applied to the social sciences. Through case studies in sociology, economics, political science and law, it advances new philosophical foundations for causal enquiry in the social sciences. The book provides an account of how to establish and evaluate causal claims and it offers a new way of thinking about evidence-based policy, basic social science research and mixed methods research. As such, it will appeal to scholars with interests in social science research and methodology, the philosophy of science and evidence-based policy.

There is hardly any other German company that was so polarizing in the twentieth century as Krupp. Publicly, "Krupp haters" and "Krupp fans" exchanged high-profile punches. Roelevink delves into this conflict, inquiring into the history policy of the company and showing to what extent and in what way Krupp was actively involved in the public negotiation of its own image.