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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics and human effects of atmospheric pollution in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB). An AQI(Air Quality Index)-based weighted co-word method is applied to explore the characteristics of keywords taken from the data, using authoritative media sources and government reports. Hierarchical clustering techniques are utilized to classify and visualize the keywords and display the different types of incidents. The results reveal the following four main clusters: enterprise pollution, coal-burning pollution, traffic pollution, and air pollutants. Cluster 1 is divided into 7 sub-clusters to offer powerful insight into the structural characteristics of industrial activities. This study is one of the first attempts to use a bibliometric approach to visualize the underlying and interconnected sub-clusters from grey data. It also provides an atmospheric pollution mapping for formulating government policies by understanding the human effects of air pollution incidents.

This article presents basic principles and examples of spatial representations derived from the analysis of co-occurrence frequency data pertaining to bibliographic information elements, such as key words and citations, in research publications and patents. These bibliometric maps provide a means for communicating information on relational features of the science and technology (S&T) system—either for analytical or representational purposes. Characteristics of the main types ofbibliometric maps are outlined, and their potential for practical applications in S&T policy and research and development management are discussed. An emphasis is placed on more recent developments, in particular bibliometric maps produced by the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) for depicting temporal changes in the S&T system. Three empirical examples ofsuch maps are presented with a focus on their application for impact assessment in both scientific as well as technological fields: (1) the emergence of new research topics in worldwide research on manufacturing technology, (2) changes in patterns of (inter)na tional collaboration within Dutch research on coal and coal products, and (3) the role of instruments in materials science.

The CFA-zone is basically composed of two sub-zones, characterised by significant structural economic and political differences within and between its member countries: the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU/UEMOA) and the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (EMCCA/CEMAC). The growing structural divergences between UEMOA and CEMAC have been intensified by the recent development of world oil markets, booming production in Equatorial Guinea and the arrival of Chad in the club of oil producers. Nevertheless the CFA-zone in general, and the UEMOA in particular, have been considered as model case for economic and monetary integration in Africa. Yet, neither of these sub-zones meets the classical criteria of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA). In contrast, they show a low degree of diversification of production and exports, low factor mobility (except of labour in some countries) and price and wage flexibility, different levels of infrastructure and of inflation, low intra-regional trade and a strong exposure to asymmetrical external shocks (e.g. violent political conflicts, different terms of trade development for oil- and agricultural exports). The rules of the informal sector, are more important in structuring the CFA-zone than the institutions and policies of the formal economic sector, including its monetary institutions. For decades, prices of French imports were overpriced, due to protection by tied aid and other political and cultural non-tariff barriers. The cost of this rent-seeking was carried not only by the French Treasury, who guarantees the peg, but by the French and EU-taxpayers, who financed budgetary bail-outs and development aid, and finally by the poorer member countries and social strata (cf. the free-rider thesis). This article analyses the aims and structures of the WAEMU and its future development prospects.

Cultural changes are needed in medicine if the benefits of technological advances are to benefit healthcare users. The Digital Health Manifesto of 'medical futurist' doctor Bertalan Meskó and 'e-patient' Dave deBronkart, The Patient Will See You Now by Eric Topol and The Patient as CEO by Robin Farmanfarmaian, are among the proliferating warnings of the approaching paradigm shift in medicine, resulting, above all, from technological advances that gives users independent access to exponentially increasing amounts of information about themselves. We question their messages only in suggesting they do not sufficiently shift the focus from 'patient' to 'person' and consequently fail to recognise the need for the credible, efficient, ethical and independent decision support that can ensure the 'democratisation of knowledge' is person empowering, not overpowering. Such decision support can ensure the 'democratisation of decision,' leading to higher quality decisions and fully-informed and preference-based consent to health provider actions. The coming paradigm will therefore be characterised by apomediative ('direct-to-consumer') decision support tools, engaged with by the person in the community to help them make health production decisions for themselves (including whether to consult a healthcare professional or provider), as well as intermediative ('direct-from-clinician') tools, delivered by a health professional in a 'shared decision making' or 'co-creation of health' process. This vision paper elaborates on the implementation of these preference-sensitive decision support tools through the technique of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis.