Suchergebnisse

This a community based study of prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in pregnancy carried out in three selected health centres in Idea to south LGA of Imo state. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the areas of study as well as the 120 participants used for the study. A checklist was used to collect the socio-demographic data of the subjects within the age range of 16-40years. Venous blood sample of the subjects were collected from the subjects and examined for presence of malaria parasites using standard procedures of haemoglobin and packed cell volume. Seventy-eight (66.7%) tested positive to malaria parasite with the highest prevalence occurring in the third trimester (79.2%). Also, the distribution of occurrence in different gravidity groups observed the highest prevalence occurrence amongst the primigravidae (71.0%), followed by secundigravidae (63.2%) and multigravidae (40.0%). The result shows reduction in both the PCV and HB levels of the pregnant women indicating anaemia especially in their third trimester. The chi-square statistics indicated that there is a significant relationship between age and malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women, (x2=1.84, df=4, p=0.05). The null hypothesis was therefore rejected at 0.05 alpha level.

Budgets implementation of local goverment in Indonesia has always been a concern of stakeholders, the budget accuration phenomenon is one of them. Local budgets implementation in Indonesia always produce SILPA, namely the excess of budget with the realization, the facts indicate inaccuracies of local budget implementation. This research was conducted in order to empirically demonstrate the role of external pressures, environmental uncertainty, organizational commitment and budget quality of budget accuracy.The research method uses quantitative methods with explanatory approach, data collection conducted by using questionaire and distributed to echelon 4 officials who involved in planning, implementating, monitoring, controling and evaluating of budget in Cilacap local goverment, use purposive sampling methode to get research sample and using Warp PLS 0.4 as a test tool statistics. The results showed that external pressure and environmental uncertainty has a negative significant effect on budget accuracy and commitment of the organization and budget quality has a positive significant effect on budget accuracy.This study contributes to local governments to improve budget accuracy by optimizing the organizational commitment and budget quality, and also raise awareness in light of external and environmental uncertainty wisely. Another contribution is that this study provides academic benefits for the development of theory in public sector accounting.

Governments in developing countries adopted the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) system to alleviate poverty and reduce the transmission of poverty from one generation to the next. In the Philippines, the ESGP-PA is the government's version of CCT. The ESGP-PA grant has immense implications to the lives of recipients and it is important to examine the psychological aspects to inform policy making and to assess the effectiveness of the program as perceived by the recipients. This study measured delayed gratification and self-identity orientations using standardized instruments and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Transitional plans were assessed qualitatively. Results showed that recipients had high levels of delayed gratification for achievement and moderate levels for food, money, physical and social interaction. They had higher personal and relational identity orientations than social and collective identity orientations. Relational identity (r=-.329, p=.000) and collective identity (r=-.363, p=.000) was negatively correlated with delayed gratification while money (F=1.614; p=.004) significantly influenced social identity orientation. They feared they would not reach their dreams, while financial difficulties and economic factors, hindered them from reaching their goals. In conclusion, ESGPPA recipients' psychological well-being is positively and negatively impacted by the ESGPPA program.

Abstract. Resource slack and innovation ambidexterity can both be represented and connected conceptually with heterogeneous knowledge structure. Hypothesizing with the logic of knowledge heterogeneity, the present study empirically examined ambidexterity's mediation effect in the relationship between two forms of resource slacks (i.e., human and financial resources) and product quality. Companies in Taiwanese manufacturing industry were located based on the random inspection conducted by the Department of Budget, Accounting and Statistics of the Government in 2011, and surveyed. Our findings demonstrated that slack resource is only an indirect factor for product quality evaluated by internal developers and producers (i.e. development and delivery processes) and external customers (product-specific quality). Specifically, first, different resource slacks influence differently on ambidexterity; second, both exploration and exploitation positively influence quality of innovation; third, ambidexterity plays a significant mediator's role that may strategically alter the relationship between slack and quality. Research has paid increasing attention to ambidexterity (i.e., exploration and exploitation) in organizational innovation. Mostly, however, focus on the influencing factors leading to possible ambidextrous design or implementation of innovation. Few have examined ambidexterity's effects on specific dimensions of innovation as outcomes.Keywords. Resource slacks, Ambidexterity, Quality, Knowledge heterogeneity.JEL. M10; M11; M14.

Quality management system (QMS) provides generic guidance and requirements for establishing an appropriate quality management procedure, in order to lower cost, increase productivity, customer's satisfaction, and market share in the organizations since the last two-decade. In construction industry, it can assist the companies to achieve successfully their objectives, and ensure that all phases of construction project consistently meet client's requirements (need). The main aim of this article was to evaluate the impact of QMS implementation on main factors of construction projects in Metro Manila, Philippines. For this intention, the study was conducted an in-depth literature review fromdifferent books, journals, and websites, in order to understand profoundly quality management system, identify the characteristics of the vital factors of construction projects, and the findings of empirical studies concerning the effects of QMS on construction projects. Subsequently, a questionnaire was designed based on previous studies and then distributed randomly among the 37 managers with the aim of collecting data. Finally, the analysis of data was accomplished by descriptive statistics to find the results and conclusion. The findings have shown that the implementation of QMS can be affected mostly on customer's satisfaction, followed by cost, and time respectively, while minimum effectiveness of QMS was on scope (quality) through QMS implementation in construction projects in Metro Manila.

Economists argue that the money supply positively impact on economic growth of nations. In Sri Lankan context this statement was not tested econometrically. Therefore, the aim of this study was to scrutinize the impact of money supply on Sri Lankan economy. To exam this objective, this study considered the time series data from the period of 1959 to 2013 and used two types of variables such as dependent and independent variables. Here, the gross domestic product was considered as dependent variable, and Money supply, Exchange rate, Exports earnings, Imports outflow, the Colombo consumer price index were deemed as independent variables. In the meantime, the multivariate econometric method was used to test the impacts of money supply on economic growth of Sri Lanka. According to the analytical results, the money supply has kept positive impact on the economic growth of Sri Lanka at 1% significant level. The R-squared of the estimated model was 92% which was indicated that the estimated model was desirable. Meanwhile, the Durbin Watson test statistic was 2.43 and also the Breusch –Godfrey serial correlation LM test results was greater than 5%. Therefore, these statistics indicated that, the estimated model was not suffering from serial correlation.

Police models are designed to improve safety in society. Although Estonia has not deliberately used any (combination of) police models for developing its policies of safety and its police reforms since the country regained independence, its safety has improved considerably during the last couple of decades. The scholarly discussions about police models are overwhelmingly about the possible eff ects of diff erent models on safety management and about their application to particular countries. However, countries
like Estonia with no consistent conceptions of police have received little attention in academic literature. We aim to fi ll this gap by analysing the developments of the Estonian police in its philosophical, strategic, tactical and organisational dimensions over the period between 1991 and 2013. The analysed materials include the offi cial police development plans, legislation, statutes, training programs and statistics about the police. Our analysis shows that although safety in Estonia has improved considerably, developments of the Estonian police are characterised by internal discrepancies and inconsistencies. In view of this, we put forth some hypotheses for further studies regarding policy development in a situation where policy is not explicitly stated or where organisational reforms are seen not as "simple" or "complex" problems, but as "wicked" problems.

This article focuses on difficulties that people with disabilities and reduced work capacity experience in employment and social participation, and on their rehabilitation goals, in order to make recommendations for policy and social and vocational rehabilitation service provision. A semi-structured interview procedure, which included the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, was used to conduct initial needs assessments with 85 persons in Estonia. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered and analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results revealed that participants experienced multiple difficulties, which they mostly ascribed to unstable health conditions, that limited their abilities to participate in employment and social activities. A large number of participants also identified themselves as unemployed for health reasons and linked their rehabilitation goals to health restoration rather than becoming employed. Difficulties such as lack of work skills, unsuitable work tempo, mobility limitations, and emotional problems were also mentioned. To support people with disabilities in obtaining and maintaining employment, services must correspond to the persons´ need; and comprehensive, person-centred rehabilitation assessment, service planning, and budgeting mechanisms are needed. Supportive legislation, flexibility in service provision, and the availability of needs-based rehabilitation and other services, including lifelong learning opportunities, are also necessary to help people learn new work skill

In this study, the author examines the racial reporting decisions of the offspring of Latino/non-Latino white, black, and Asian intermarriages, focusing on the meanings associated with their racial responses in the 2010 census and their thoughts on the separate race and Hispanic origin question format. Through interviews with 50 part-Latinos from New York, the findings demonstrated that their racial responses were shaped largely by question design, often due to the lack of Hispanic origins in the race question. Many added that their responses did not reflect their racial identity as "mixed" or as "both" Latino and white, black, or Asian. Most preferred "Latino" racial categories, and when given the option in a combined race and Hispanic origin question format, they overwhelmingly marked Latino in combination with white, black, or Asian. Part-Latinos' preference for "Latino" racial options may stem from the racialization of Latinos as nonwhite and their desire to express all aspects of their mixed heritage identity. Moreover, the contrast in racial reporting in the 2010 census and the Census Bureau's recently proposed "race or origin" question for the 2020 census could result in different population counts and interpretations of racial statistics.

Canada's fear of future skill and labor shortages has brought youth with disabilities to the forefront of public policy. Many universities are now reporting that an increased proportion of their graduating students identify as having a disability, and as a result, educational achievement‐based programs designed to accommodate students' needs are growing across campuses. Despite recent attention by policymakers on improving accessibility standards and increasing employer incentives, young Canadians with disabilities continue to face barriers in their transitions to the workforce. The nature and extent of the early workforce inequalities faced by postsecondary graduates with disabilities remains unclear. This paper draws on the 2005 cohort of Statistics Canada's National Graduates Survey to examine the early workforce outcomes of postsecondary graduates with disabilities. Contrary to theories of human capital, the results reveal significant earnings gaps between graduates with and without disabilities of various fields of study and levels of schooling. Further, graduates with a disability are even more disadvantaged in terms of securing employment, as they were significantly less likely to be employed full‐time, and were overrepresented among unemployed and part‐time workers across various fields of study and levels of postsecondary education.

Abstract. In the paper we analyse a multi-date landslide inventory prepared for a mountainous area affected by several landslide types with different degrees of activity, we attempt to quantify the uncertainties associated to the mapping, we measure the evolution of morphological indicators and estimate landslide activity and temporal occurrence. The inventory, covering the period 1956–2010, is prepared for the middle section of the Ubaye valley (southern French Alps) based on the analysis of multi-source documents (geomorphological maps, historical reports of landslide events, field surveys, orthophotographs and SAR (synthetic aperture radar) satellite images). The uncertainties derived from the expert interpretation of different sources of information, the landslide morphological features and the affected land covers are taken into account in relation to the source documents. Morphological indicators are calculated to describe quantitatively the evolution of the landslides (length, area, relative elevation, runout distance). Frequency–area density functions are computed to estimate the changes in the landslide distributions and a Poisson model is used to estimate the probability of reactivation of the observed landslides and the occurrence of new failures. The proposed multi-date inventory and the associated statistics provide additional information to the event catalogue managed by the local policy makers.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to deal with business-to-business distribution, with a strong focus on the relationships developed by a distributor with its customers and its producers.


Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on an in-depth analysis of a wholesaler specialized in fresh fruit and vegetable distribution. Data were gathered on the basis of 18 in-depth interviews. An additional important work of second-order data analysis was also conducted (sector analyses; statistics; companies' Web sites).


Findings
– This paper qualifies the different stages a wholesaler goes through in the relationships with its suppliers on the one side and its customers on the other. This work also identifies the nature of the impact of one type of relationship (wholesalers/producers) on the other (wholesalers/customers).


Research limitations/implications
–


Practical implications
The findings allow distribution firms to view distribution channels as places where they can have some latitude to find new positions other than the ones imposed by producers.


Originality/value
– This research uses different concepts connected with triadic settings (dynamics, triggers and interconnectedness) and integrates them to provide a new perspective on how a business-to-business distributor can take a position in a distribution channel.

Aşağıdaki yazımda, DIE ve TÜİK'in hazırladığı içgöç ile ilgili datanın bazı özellikleri anlatılmış, eleştirilmiş, ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu data (1) DİE'nin hazırladığı Genel Nüfus Sayımından elde edilen "5 yıllık" dönemler ile ilgili olup 1965-2000 yıllarını kapsar; ve (2) TÜİK'in 2008 yılından itibaren topladığı "1'er yıllık" idari kayıtlara dayanır. Eleştirilerim genel olarak, datanın sürekliliği ve içeriğinin önemi, kullanıcılar açısından kurumlar ile olan ilişkiler, yayın ve internet farkı, datanın formal olarak kurumca değerlendirilmesi, ülkemizin özel durumu gibi konuları içermektedir.ENGLISH ABSTRACTVIEWPOINTReflections on the internal migration data in TurkeyAbstractIn this paper, I reflect on the data prepared and published by State Planning Organisation and Turkish Statistics Institute. Some features of the data and issues are discussed and suggestions are made. The internal migration data published by SPO is based on the genral population census and covers the 5-year periods from 1965 to 2000. Remaining data is based on the adminsitrative registers compiled by TurkStat since 2008 on an annual basis. My criticisms in general covers the continuity of the data, importance of the content, relationships between the institutions and their repercussions for the end users, print and online data release, formal evaluation of the data by the institution and Turkey's peculiar position.

This paper discusses how varied policy analytical capacity can be evaluated at the systemic level through observed gaps in environmental data monitoring and reporting among countries. Such analytical capacity at the knowledge system level facilitates transparency and credibility needed for nation-states to cooperate on issues requiring global coordination, including "super-wicked" environmental issues like climate change. So far there has been relatively sparse attention paid to whether countries will have the ability — or policy analytical capacity — to report the necessary data and indicators required for the next round of global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) being proposed. In this paper, I argue that the varied policy analytical capacity within the global environmental knowledge system necessitates the participation of new institutions and actors. Identifying gaps in data availability at a global, systemic scale, this paper presents a proxy measure of policy analytical capacity based on publicly-reported national statistics of air and water quality performance. Such discrepancies evaluated at a systemic level make a case for channels by which citizen scientists, independent watchdogs, private sector companies and third-party organizations can participate to enhance the policy analytical capacity of governments.

In September 2010, Brazil's Finance Minister, Guido Mantega, used the term "currency war" with reference to monetary policies implemented by different countries to generate an artificial devaluation of their currency and achieve a cheaper, more competitive domestic economy that may be attractive to foreign investors. Similar cases have been documented since the 1930's Great Depression, when several countries abandoned the gold standard as backing for their currencies. More recently, a large-scale asset purchase by Japan's Central Bank in 2013 was singled out as a strategy aimed at generating devaluation of the yen. This research uses statistics of new business formation density reported by Doing Business for 30 emerging countries in the period from 2004 through 2011 to evaluate the impact of devaluation measured by the behavior of the real effective exchange rate (REER) on the rate of new business formation (NBF). It is determined how variables associated with competitiveness affect the relationship between devaluation and business formation. Results show that devaluation has a positive effect on NBF in the short term, which gets diluted in the long term. Countries with greater competitiveness have less dependence on devaluation to increase the number of businesses.