ABSTRACT Royal jelly may contain pollen grains and their presence can be used to determine the phytogeographical origin of the product. This study analyzed the phytogeographical origin of commercial royal jelly samples from São Paulo State, tested as part of the Brazilian Federal Inspection System (SIF), found to be contaminated with spores of the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, that causes the American Foulbrood Disease. The pollen grains of Castanea had the highest total percentage, with lower percentages of Cirsium/Carduus, Cistus, Parthenocissus, Prunus, Quercus, Robinia, Scrophulariaceae, Taraxacum, Tilia, among others. This pollen spectrum is incompatible with royal jelly samples produced in Brazil. The pollen spectrum resembled that of an imported product, compatible with the Northern Hemisphere origin. Brazilian legislation does not require the phytogeographic origin of imported bee products to be analyzed by palynological procedures, but it is mandatory to have a certificate issued by the country of origin attesting the absence of pathogens, monitored with the objective of preventing the exotic diseases from entering Brazil. Palynology, therefore, proved to be fundamental in detecting imports of this contaminated batches.
Abstract This article builds on a previously published article in this journal that analysed the first twenty episodes of a photo caption competition running in a very popular New Zealand magazine. Visible hand gestures and embodied expressions were central in the photos that entrants completed by submitting a caption. These provide a readily understandable and economic platform for directing competitors in the task of making humour. Returning to the competition over two years later, embodiment is still central, but another interesting feature of the competition is discovered. Using a fuller set of 132 episodes, and on the basis of readily available categorizations of the people shown in the photos, we see an interesting breakdown in the types of people shown in the photos: politicians are most frequently shown, but the British Royal Family are also high up in the appearance stakes. The strong royal presence deserves analysis, and to help in this task Davies' work on Jokes and Targets (2011), and varied work from celebrity studies, is employed. Such work can only partly explain the complexity of such visual humour, as each photo has its own particularities that help channel humour construction.
Due to the permanent changes in the economic, political, and social environment that everyone lives in the country, our professionals should endeavor to be more competitive. For this, it is necessary to be able to develop skills that allow them to consolidate in the workplace, among which are the construction of algorithms, flowcharts design and the development of C++programming. Thus, system engineering, computer science, or similar career students should be concerned with setting the foundations that will let them stronger performances; especially in programming which constitute the core activities in their professional profile. This research intends to determine the specific skill levels achieved by the control group, which could be considered a standard measurement parameter. ; En virtud de los cambios constantes en el entorno económico, político y social que vive el país, los profesionales deben esforzarse por ser más competitivos y, para ello, es necesario lograr desarrollar competencias que les permitan consolidarse en el campo laboral, entre las cuales se encuentran la construcción de algoritmos, diseño de diagramas de flujo y desarrollo de programas en C++. En tal sentido, los estudiantes de ingeniería de sistemas, informática o carreras similares, deben preocuparse por sembrar las bases que les permitan fortalecerse; sobre todo, en lo relacionado con la programación; actividad medular dentro de su perfil profesional. Esta investigación pretende determinar el nivel de competencias específicas alcanzado por un grupo de estudiantes de esta disciplina, lo cual pudiera interpretarse como una situación que se presenta en poblaciones similares.
List of members in each volume after volume 2. ; An earlier series was published under title: Mʹemoires de l'Acadʹemie impʹeriale et royale des sciences et belles-lettres de Bruxelles. ; List of members in each volume after volume 2. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Beginning with 1906 all the memoirs of the Academy are published in two series: A: Mémoires de la Classe des sciences, B: Mémoires de la Classe des lettres et des sciences morales et politiques et de la Classe des beaux-arts. Each series includes two collections, one in-4 ̊and one in-8.̊
L'articolo propone una riflessione sugli effetti sulla credibilità di un candidato politico di eventuali scontri e divergenze con lo stesso partito che il candidato è teoricamente chiamato a rappresentare, ma il cui ruolo è sempre più messo in discussione dalla leaderizzazione della comunicazione politica.