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Looking at Soviet guidebooks from the 1920s to the 1960s, this essay argues that 1905 and 1917 revolutionary places as "tourist attractions" were mostly tangential to the tourist experience, although one could argue that the entire USSR was a monument to the "revolution." The revolution remained one destination of many possible tourist excursions, its memory one building block of many that made up the basis of Soviet citizenship. The revolution as tourist attraction did not celebrate 1917 as arupture, but rather a point of entry, the moment from which the many and not the few could share in a culture of world importance.

Axiological dispute and its implications for political conflict according to pope Benedict XVIThe article provides an analysis of the issue of contemporary axiological disputes related to politics. The article focuses on the approach of pope Benedict XVI to the relation between the Church and politics. According to Benedict XVI the Church should be the promotor of universal values. Its activity in genesis is non-political, but in effects it has political dimensions and the Church should correct public reason of citizens and politicians to accept universal values. If the Church fulfils these requirements, it will contribute to reducing of axiological political conflict in the contemporary world.

Friendship between France and Germany, which was one of the primary factors behind the European recovery after World War II, has begun, ever so slightly, to change in the face of a stagnant and far less impressive economic recovery from the most recent global financial crisis. The new strain on Franco- German relations, and the new threat to European economic stability, is becoming particularly apparent under the presidency of François Hollande, France's current Socialist executive. As a result of German interests in implementing Europe-wide austerity policies, and the weak and seemingly ineffective centrist leadership under Hollande, significant changes seem almost inevitable.

The Spanish Civil War represents the most important and brutal conflict between the two world wars. This brutality makes humanitarian efforts to alleviate suffering important, but we have much to learn about British government-backed maritime rescue efforts of adults at risk from violence behind the lines. This article provides a history of these efforts which corrects the neglect of the Francoist repression in the historiography of British diplomatic responses to the Civil War and questions the argument that UK front-line diplomats acted according to a sense of fair play. It also demonstrates the importance Francoist indifference to humanitarian initiatives.

For readers whose first introduction to Shakespeare was through the widely seen filmHenry Vby Laurence Olivier, it is not surprising that Shakespeare was regarded as a patriotic, nationalistic and militaristic, rather pro-war playwright. Olivier'sHenry V, as Ton Hoenselaars points out in his "Out-Ranting the Enemy Leader":Henry Vand/as World War II Propaganda, was entrenched in the British propaganda effort even before the thought of the film version of the war epic had occurred. Indeed, the film resulted from an invitation to produce it for the Churchill government. According to William Shaw, Olivier's film produced uplifting, patriotic propaganda for a war-weary England. It was the first Shakespeare play produced in Technicolor.

AbstractIn Brazil, the evaluation that is currently practiced in schools has been promoting the failure of the poorest, who eventually interrupt their studies, convinced of their incompetence. This article shows that, in contrast, hundreds of schools across the country adopt a cooperative dialogical pedagogy of evaluation. As part of an approach based on Freirean principles, the Telessala Methodology teaches students who are discriminated against by the traditional school, that they are smart and creative, with power to change their lives and the world. This chapter describes the Telessala Methodology and how it manifests the principles of Freirean pedagogy with implications for evaluation.

After the Second World War, a new Austrian Army (the Bundesheer) was formed to guarantee the country's armed neutrality. But the period between 1938 and 1945 remained a point of contention. While some Austrian officers had been sidelined, the majority had served in the Wehrmacht and thus shared experiences and soldierly values. As Cold War realities necessitated a professional experienced army, a group around Erwin Fussenegger (1908–1986) dominated the new Bundesheer and contemplations about reforming the military culture and value system were postponed; while at the same time, the Bundesheer managed to prevent becoming a mere continuation of the Wehrmacht.

Over the last fifty years the tendency towards a dispersion of productive activities that emerged with globalisation and the advent of telematics have fuelled processes that are changing the structure of metropolitan areas across the world. Against the background of the general process of metropolisation, it is interesting nowadays to study the characteristics, structure and development trends of a vast "hybrid" area that has grown up around the established city of Rome. The subject of this work is an analysis of the creative sector between Rome and the sea, and the potential for future development in this area.

Social workers are increasingly embracing international perspectives and roles to address persistent human rights issues. This study examines solutions to property rights disputes involving Ghanaian women who are widowed from the perspectives of Akan men and women in four communities. Property ownership is fundamental to the economic survival of women and their children, but millions of women around the world lose their rights to property following the deaths of their husbands. We conducted focus groups with 102 participants in four Akan communities to generate local, culturally viable solutions for preventing property rights violations and resolving them when they do occur.

SOME REMARKS ON THE GRADUATE LAW PROGRAMME IN 1952–1954The article is an analysis of graduate law programmes at Polish universities in 1952–1954. Drawing on the literature and sources, the author examines the changes taking place in the educa­tion of lawyers during the period of Stalinist indoctrination. He analyses the two-tier programme of studies and concludes that despite its political connotations the programme was not without some achievements. The most important among them was that it educated avaluable generation of law historians making up for the losses suffered by the profession during the Second World War and in the first few years after it ended.

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay analyzes the development and mythology behind the notion of 'vocation' within the art world, while using the case of the Viennese artist Ursula Hübner. It argues that it is not only art institutions and the society, but also artists themselves who are complicit in the reproduction and valorization of the myth of vocation in art.

Rooted in the theory of Social Construction of Reality and informed by media portrayal of female beauty and virtual community research, this study examined how beauty is socially constructed by gatekeepers in Second Life. A content analysis of 360 still images of female avatars was conducted to understand the extent to the beauty types that appear in the virtual world. Findings suggest trendy and sex kitten/sensual beauty types were the most-portrayed beauty types. Most female avatars had the ideal body size and light colored skin. In addition, this study found a significant difference in beauty type among different types of products.

This article examines how digital media interact with collective memories
and teaching practices by exploring a selection of Wikipedia articles that describe
the capture of Lviv by the Germans on 30 June 1941. This event constitutes an
important episode in the history of Ukraine and a complex case of violence that
produced several controversies concerning the national historiographies of the
Second World War in the post-Soviet region. Using a combination of qualitative
and quantitative metrics, this article investigates how the event is represented in
different language versions of Wikipedia and assesses what kind of memory is produced
by each of them.

Both Buddhism and Jainism from their inception were missionary religions, engaged in spreading their faith through conversions. Unlike the Jains, the Buddhists developed a master-narrative in which, at a council of learned monks, it was agreed to dispatch some of their members to every corner of the world to convert the inhabitants to Buddhism. Read carefully, the accounts of the success of these ventures preserved in the Pali sources raise questions with surprisingly far-reaching implications. Through a comparison with Jain stories, this article highlights the distinctiveness of Buddhist conversion stories and puzzles over their unusual attitudes towards preaching, authoritative texts, and the lay community.

The EU and the US are at the origin of most international institutions and rules for both trade and finance, and both have long exported their preferred policies to the rest of the world. Today, this hegemonic position is increasingly challenged by the rise of new centres of economic power such as China, India and Brazil. This introductory article introduces the 'supply-and-demand model of regulatory power' guiding this Special Issue and, drawing on the latter's contributions, illustrates the interplay between EU/US regulatory outreach and emerging economies' domestic politics in explaining the embracement or rejection of EU/US trade-related agendas.