Suchergebnisse

International audience ; In the context of increasingly complex human environments faced by the armed forces tasked with implementing peacebuilding missions in various locations around the world, operations of influence, which are non-violent undertakings aimed at conquering the support of the locals through use of trust, persuasion and material assistance, are more than ever a vital approach for successful military action. As such, they require specific and complete training and designing a computational tool to this end offers opportunity for innovative modeling of cultural complexity. This chapter presents and describes how a local culture and its specifics are delineat-ed and represented in the SICOMORES multi-agent system and covers the issue of human needs as a socio-cultural phenomenon. It is proposed that culture has to be approached at several levels that are entwined and has to be represented accordingly in the agent population, while the culturally dependent aspect of needs can be bypassed in order to produce a universal set of needs for the context of conflict affecting civilian populations. It is then possible to computationally use these theoretically well-grounded elements to generate with a high level of detail the effects of actions of influence directed at the agents as cognitive processes.

International audience ; In the context of increasingly complex human environments faced by the armed forces tasked with implementing peacebuilding missions in various locations around the world, operations of influence, which are non-violent undertakings aimed at conquering the support of the locals through use of trust, persuasion and material assistance, are more than ever a vital approach for successful military action. As such, they require specific and complete training and designing a computational tool to this end offers opportunity for innovative modeling of cultural complexity. This chapter presents and describes how a local culture and its specifics are delineat-ed and represented in the SICOMORES multi-agent system and covers the issue of human needs as a socio-cultural phenomenon. It is proposed that culture has to be approached at several levels that are entwined and has to be represented accordingly in the agent population, while the culturally dependent aspect of needs can be bypassed in order to produce a universal set of needs for the context of conflict affecting civilian populations. It is then possible to computationally use these theoretically well-grounded elements to generate with a high level of detail the effects of actions of influence directed at the agents as cognitive processes.

Part 6: Applied Cryptography and Voting Schemes ; International audience ; The variety of Internet voting schemes proposed in the literature build their security upon a number of trust assumptions. The criticality of these assumptions depends on the target election setting, particularly the adversary expected within that setting. Given the potential complexity of the assumptions, identifying the most appropriate Internet voting schemes for a specific election setting poses a significant burden to election officials. We address this shortcoming by the construction of an election-dependent security evaluation framework for Internet voting schemes. On the basis of two specification languages, the core of the framework essentially evaluates election-independent security models with regard to expected adversaries and returns satisfaction degrees for security requirements. These satisfaction degrees serve election officials as basis for their decision-making. The framework is evaluated against requirements stemming from measure theory.

Part 8: Agile Development ; International audience ; This paper provides empirical evidence of agile method adoption in smaller companies in Ethiopia. Agile methods are emerging as best practice for software development in the global north. So, is there evidence that agile methods are being used in Ethiopia? A Grounded Theory approach was adopted using face-to-face interviews with 17 software professionals from 7 software companies, which were selected by using a snowball sampling technique. The interviews were semi-structured and open-ended and have been audio-recorded and transcribed. Participants in the study identified the importance of agile principles, values and practices. Agile practices are used to address issues with requirements and to encourage user participation. However, it was discovered that the companies in the study were conducting software projects for government clients that mandate substantial documentation with elaborate staged approval procedures, using fixed price contracts with predefined delivery schedules.

International audience ; The study of information dissemination in social networks is of particular importance in many areas as marketing, politics and security for example. Various strategies are being developed to disseminate information, those aimed at disseminating information widely and those aimed at disseminating information in a more confidential manner to make it scarce. In this paper, we adapt a model dedicated to spreading rumours by word of mouth in a physical space to the context of social networks. We compare two modes of dissemination based on profusion or scarcity and study the impact of the choice of the initial node. The results obtained show to what extent each mode exploits the social network topology and especially the influence of hubs.

International audience ; In the context of increasingly complex human environments faced by the armed forces tasked with implementing peacebuilding missions in various locations around the world, operations of influence, which are non-violent undertakings aimed at conquering the support of the locals through use of trust, persuasion and material assistance, are more than ever a vital approach for successful military action. As such, they require specific and complete training and designing a computational tool to this end offers opportunity for innovative modeling of cultural complexity. This chapter presents and describes how a local culture and its specifics are delineat-ed and represented in the SICOMORES multi-agent system and covers the issue of human needs as a socio-cultural phenomenon. It is proposed that culture has to be approached at several levels that are entwined and has to be represented accordingly in the agent population, while the culturally dependent aspect of needs can be bypassed in order to produce a universal set of needs for the context of conflict affecting civilian populations. It is then possible to computationally use these theoretically well-grounded elements to generate with a high level of detail the effects of actions of influence directed at the agents as cognitive processes.

International audience ; The study of information dissemination in social networks is of particular importance in many areas as marketing, politics and security for example. Various strategies are being developed to disseminate information, those aimed at disseminating information widely and those aimed at disseminating information in a more confidential manner to make it scarce. In this paper, we adapt a model dedicated to spreading rumours by word of mouth in a physical space to the context of social networks. We compare two modes of dissemination based on profusion or scarcity and study the impact of the choice of the initial node. The results obtained show to what extent each mode exploits the social network topology and especially the influence of hubs.

Part 1: Full Papers ; International audience ; Open source software (OSS) systems are being used for increasingly critical functions in modern societies, e.g., in health care, finance, government, defense, and other safety and security sensitive sectors. There is an increasing interest in software certification as a means to assure quality and dependability of such systems. However, the development processes and organizational structures of OSS projects can be substantially different from traditional closed-source projects. The distributed, "bazaar-style" approach to software development in OSS systems is often perceived incompatible with certification. This paper presents the results of a scoping review on certification in OSS systems in order to identify and categorize key issues and provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on this topic.

Part 3: Panel and Workshops ; International audience ; Over the past decade, FLOSS has become mainstream. It's the technological foundation for a huge percentage of software, including products and services from both startups and established companies, as well as the dominant approach for software development and deployment tools. More recently, FLOSS has become the preferred solution for a growing number of governments and non-profit organizations around the world. What was once a niche research area has similarly become mainstream; FLOSS-related research publications are now found across a variety of social, economic , and software-related publications and conferences. Likewise, open source software is increasingly discussed in connection with open innovation, open government , open data, and related areas. This growing popularity poses an interesting challenge for FLOSS research. While there remains a core set of topics specifically related to FLOSS, e.g., software licensing, many other topics, such as collaborative distributed development, have much broader applicability. Some researchers who previously submitted their work to FLOSS-related conferences and publications are now seeing many other opportunities to present their work, describing the open source aspects of their research in a broader, domain-focused context. In this panel, we hope to address not only the most likely future directions for FLOSS research, but also how FLOSS is related to other research fields and the broader context of modern society. The panelists bring a wide variety of academic and industrial experience with FLOSS and related subject areas.

International audience ; The expansion of e-Government and online authentication possibilities in recent years increases the risk of not properly implemented authentication systems. This may often give rise to subsequent risks, such as identity theft. Whereas the legal framework has primarily focused on identity theft as a criminal act, less attention has been given to the way the Government handles information in its identity management systems. This paper considers traditional theories of European extra-contractual liability/tort law to assess whether the Government can be liable for failures in the authentication procedure.

Part 3: Panel and Workshops ; International audience ; Over the past decade, FLOSS has become mainstream. It's the technological foundation for a huge percentage of software, including products and services from both startups and established companies, as well as the dominant approach for software development and deployment tools. More recently, FLOSS has become the preferred solution for a growing number of governments and non-profit organizations around the world. What was once a niche research area has similarly become mainstream; FLOSS-related research publications are now found across a variety of social, economic , and software-related publications and conferences. Likewise, open source software is increasingly discussed in connection with open innovation, open government , open data, and related areas. This growing popularity poses an interesting challenge for FLOSS research. While there remains a core set of topics specifically related to FLOSS, e.g., software licensing, many other topics, such as collaborative distributed development, have much broader applicability. Some researchers who previously submitted their work to FLOSS-related conferences and publications are now seeing many other opportunities to present their work, describing the open source aspects of their research in a broader, domain-focused context. In this panel, we hope to address not only the most likely future directions for FLOSS research, but also how FLOSS is related to other research fields and the broader context of modern society. The panelists bring a wide variety of academic and industrial experience with FLOSS and related subject areas.

Part 3: Panel and Workshops ; International audience ; Governments, universities, and other public institutions not only use open source software (OSS) but also contribute to existing OSS projects or even initiate new OSS communities. Public administrations such as City of Munich are actively involved in the development of LibreOffice (City of Munich 2012; Sneddon 2015); others like the Swiss Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo) supported the OpenLayers 3 implementationsubstantially via an international crowdfunding campaign (Moullet 2014). Starting a new OSS project may simply mean publishing source code on public repositories as the UK government is doing on GitHub using the GitHub and Government service. Or it may also include establishing governance rules as the Swiss Federal Court did when releasing its internal court decision administration system thus initiating the OSS project OpenJustitia (Brunner 2013).

International audience ; In this paper, we propose a global face detection system based on information fusion. Such a system is necessary to make non-identifiable the faces that are visible on platform videos, as required by French legislation related to public video usage and storage. Our system relies on efficient state-of-the-art face detectors, which find the face positions on images. Specifically, it performs first a pixel-wise combination of their outputs in order to take advantage of the potential complementarities of these detectors, which use different image features and different classification procedures. Then, for each pixel of the image to treat and using the result of the merging, a decision is made whether it should be blurred or not. The combination step is grounded on a now well-established framework for reasoning under uncertainty called the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. In this step, detector outputs are converted into a common representation known as belief function using a calibration procedure, and then are merged using so-called Dempster's rule of combination. Our approach is tested on a classical face detection dataset from the literature, showing good performances.

International audience ; In this paper, we propose a global face detection system based on information fusion. Such a system is necessary to make non-identifiable the faces that are visible on platform videos, as required by French legislation related to public video usage and storage. Our system relies on efficient state-of-the-art face detectors, which find the face positions on images. Specifically, it performs first a pixel-wise combination of their outputs in order to take advantage of the potential complementarities of these detectors, which use different image features and different classification procedures. Then, for each pixel of the image to treat and using the result of the merging, a decision is made whether it should be blurred or not. The combination step is grounded on a now well-established framework for reasoning under uncertainty called the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. In this step, detector outputs are converted into a common representation known as belief function using a calibration procedure, and then are merged using so-called Dempster's rule of combination. Our approach is tested on a classical face detection dataset from the literature, showing good performances.

International audience ; United States and European safety standards have evolved to protect workers near AutomaticGuided Vehicles (AGVs). However, performance standards for AGVs and mobile robots have only recently begun development. Lessons can be learned from research and standards effortsfor mobile robots applied to emergency response and military applications. Research challenges, tests and evaluations, and programs to develop higher intelligencelevelsfor vehicles can also be used to guide industrial AGV developments towards more adaptable and intelligent systems. These other efforts also provide useful standards development criteria for AGV performance test methods. Current standards areas being considered for AGVs are for docking, navigation, obstacle avoidance, and the ground truth systems that measure performance. This paper provides a look to the future with standards developments in both the performance of vehicles and the dynamic perception systems that measure intelligent vehicle performance.