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This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cell phone dependence in children. The study was conducted with 876 children from 30 classrooms in schools in Dalian, China, who completed standing height and weight measurements and a self-assessed questionnaire
on adolescent cell phone use dependence. The correlation analysis showed a weak positive correlation between BMI and cell phone dependence that differed according to gender and type of family structure, such that boys had significantly higher BMI and cell phone dependence than did girls, and
students from intergenerational families had significantly higher BMI and cell phone craving than did those from parental families. The results of this study need to be further tested in subsequent research.

Background: Malnutrition is a common cause of morbidity and mortality amongst children with TOF. Objective: To analyze the BMI profile of children with TOF aged 0 – 18 years at Pediatric Department, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of the BMI from the medical record of TOF patients aged 0 – 18 years at the Pediatric Department, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, since January 2016 to December 2017 was conducted. The data included gender, age group, demographic distribution, weight, and height. BMI was calculated by WHO formula reference; body weight (kg) divided by body height squared (m2), which was converted into z-score histogram. BMI classification was guided by the Government's Anthropometry Standards for Nutritional Status Assessment. Result: From 84 TOF patients, there were 43 males (51%) and 41 females (49%). The most dominant age group was 0 – 4 years old (n=47;56%). The majority of patients were from outside of Surabaya (n=64;76.2%). Based on their BMI, 36 patients (42.9%) had severe underweight, 10 patients (11.9%) were underweight, and 35 patients (41.7%) were normal, whilst the rests (3.6%) were overweight. Conclusion: The number of male patients was slightly higher than female patients. The majority of TOF patients were 0 – 4 years old and resided out town of Surabaya. The predominant BMI found was the underweight and severe underweight below normal BMI.

This study investigated change in and effects of exposure to news media coverage of the obesity epidemic. Investigators compared self-reported news media exposure between two Research Triangle Institute obesity surveys and examined interactions between exposure and body mass index (BMI) on beliefs about the causes of obesity and support for childhood obesity prevention. We found that higher exposure and BMI were each individually and in combination associated with beliefs about the causes of obesity and support for prevention. For instance, those with higher BMI and exposure were more likely to believe that societal factors cause obesity. This research has implications for media advocacy, social marketing, and policies to promote obesity prevention.

SummaryThe objective of the present analysis was to study the associations between body weight psychosocial correlates and body mass index (BMI) among four groups of adults in the Quebec population. Data were taken from the Social Lifestyles and Health 1998 Survey performed by the Institut de la Statistique du Québec (ISQ). The suggested guidelines of the ISQ were used to estimate the population's proportions and for statistical analysis. The groups studied were 25- to 44- and the 45- to 64-year-old men and women. In all groups, currently trying to lose weight increased the odds of reporting an excess weight. Better perceived eating habits was associated with lower BMI in most groups except in the 25- to 44-year-old women, where the trend was not significant. Higher number of physical activities related to transport and cigarette smoking were associated with lower BMI in both men groups. In both women groups, more frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages decreased significantly the odds of reporting excess body weight. A university degree was associated with a lower BMI only in the 25- to 44-year-old men. Regular practise of leisure time physical activity was associated with a lower BMI only in 45- to 64-year-old women. Opposite associations were observed between perceived health and BMI. In the 45- to 64-year-old men, better perceived health increased the odds of reporting an excess weight. Conversely, the odds of reporting excess weight decreased with better health in 25- to 44-year-old women. Many correlates differ between age group and sex. The identification of these factors illustrates the need to adapt obesity-related programmes toward specific sub-groups within the general population.

AbstractMany low‐ and middle‐income countries have experienced an epidemic of obesity in the last few decades. However, no studies have examined the relationship between country economic status and weight status among adults with ID. This study compared the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity among adult Special Olympics participants by country economic status. A total of 19,295 (men, n = 12,037) measured height and weight records were available from the Special Olympics International (SOI) Health Promotion database. The 159 countries in the database were recoded according to the World Bank's classification of country economic status as: low‐income, lower middle‐income, upper middle‐income, and high‐income. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) prevalence rates were calculated for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity for men and women by economic status. Odds ratios, adjusted for age and sex, were used to examine differences in BMI by country economic status. Overall, 31.9% of SOI participants from low‐income economies, 48.6% from lower middle‐income, 43.6% from upper middle‐income, and 66.0% from high‐income economies had BMI indices outside of the normal range. For the low‐income countries, the proportion of underweight and overweight/obesity was similar (17.2% and 14.7%, respectively). For the other three levels of economy, participants with BMI levels outside the normal range were largely overweight/obese, rather than underweight. Women, older participants, and those from higher‐income countries were much more likely to be overweight/obese. Considerably, more research on the key behaviors associated with BMI status and the extent to which environments (economic, social, and physical) are obesogenic is needed to explain these differences and to begin to design interventions that can be both targeted for persons with ID and coherently implemented across sectors and settings.

Abstract
Obesity can be a factor that affects the course of chronic systemic inflammatory arthritis. The objective of this study was to characterise patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) according to an evaluation of their body mass index (BMI) and by exploring the link between the overweightness and obesity with routinely measured disease-specific variables, including disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index BASDAI; Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, using CRP, ASDAScrp), spinal mobility (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, BASMI), functional capacity (BASFI), extraspinal manifestations like fatigue, uveitis, and peripheral arthritis present during the course of the disease. A total of 107 patients were included in the cross-sectional study fulfilling the modified New York criteria for AS. Patients were divided into three groups: with the evaluation of BMI ≤ 24.9, 25.0–29.9 (overweight) and ≥ 30.0 (obesity). The mean BMI was 25.13 (SD 4.07). 33% of patients were overweight and 15% were obese. The mean values of age, duration of AS, ASDAScrp, BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), BASMI, pain in spine, and fatigue in the group with BMI ≤ 24.9 were lower than in the other groups (p < 0.05). There was no difference between groups in age of AS onset, uveitis and peripheral arthritis. AS patients who were overweight or obese had a higher level of the disease activity, pain, fatigue, functional disability and spinal mobility impairment with worse values in the case of obesity.

Nous examinons la relation entre le statut socio‐économique (SES), les caractéristiques socio‐économiques (SES), le style de vie (consommation de fruits et légumes, exercice physique, usage du tabac, et consommation d'alcool) et l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) sur la base des données de l'Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes 2.1. Nous explorons deux différentes mesures socio‐économiques, éducation et revenu, afin d'élucider les explications matérielles et culturelles de la relation SES‐IMC. Les résultats varient de manière significative entre les genres, dégageant la complexité de la relation entre SES, les facteurs socio‐démographiques et de style de vie, et l'IMC. Nous suggérons que la masse corporelle demeure un symbole de statut qui diffère entre les genres, et que les facteurs culturaux et psycho‐sociaux sont peut‐être plus importants que les facteurs matériaux en perpétuant cette inégalité dans le domaine de la santé.

<p class="Pa5"><strong>Purpose: </strong>We sought to determine whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with worse intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes among Black patients.</p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients admitted to the medical ICU during 2012 were categorized into six BMI groups based on the World Health Organization criteria. ICU mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), need for and duration of mechanical ventilation and organ failure rate were assessed.</p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 605 patients with mean age 58.9 ± 16.0 years were studied. Compared with those with normal BMI, obese patients had significant higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea diagnoses (P&lt;.001 for all). A total of 100 (16.5%) patients died during their ICU stay. Obesity was not associated with increased odds of ICU mortality (OR=.58; 95% CI, .16-2.20). Moreover, improved survival was observed for class II obese patients (OR, .031; 95% CI, .001–.863). There were no differences in the need for and duration of mechanical ventilation between the BMI groups. How­ever, ICU and hospital LOS were significant­ly longer in patients with obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obesity was not associated with increased ICU mortality; however, obesity was associated with increased comorbid illness and with significant longer ICU and hospital length of stay. <em></em></p><p><em>Ethn Dis.</em>2017;27(2):161-168; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.161</p>

SummaryLittle is known about late 19th and early 20th century BMIs on the US Central Plains. Using data from the Nebraska state prison, this study demonstrates that the BMIs of dark complexioned blacks were greater than for fairer complexioned mulattos and whites. Although modern BMIs have increased, late 19th and early 20th century BMIs in Nebraska were in normal ranges; neither underweight nor obese individuals were common. Farmer BMIs were consistently greater than those of non-farmers, and farm labourer BMIs were greater than those of common labourers. The BMIs of individuals born in Plains states were greater than for other nativities, indicating that rural lifestyles were associated with better net current biological living conditions.