Suchergebnisse

Whereas Freud himself viewed conscience as one of the functions of the superego, in The Still Small Voice: Psychoanalytic Reflections on Guilt and Conscience, Carveth argues that superego and conscience are distinct mental functions and that, therefore, a fourth mental structure, the conscience, needs to be added to the psychoanalytic structural theory of the mind. He claims that while both conscience and superego originate in the so-called pre-oedipal phase of infant and child development they are comprised of contrasting and often conflicting identifications. The primary object, still most o

In this book the author makes the case for two generically distinct types of Superego, with the contention that there is a gap in the Freudian theory of the Oedipal Superego which has been recognised since its inception, but never formulated in a full revision of the theory. There are thus, Reddish argues, two distinct kinds of morality implicit in Freudian theory. Further, she maintains that there are two distinct kinds of relationship to reality which correlate with these two kinds of morality. Freud believed that morality originates in the imperative for physical survival: 'the initial help.

Whereas Freud himself viewed conscience as one of the functions of the superego, in The Still Small Voice: Psychoanalytic Reflections on Guilt and Conscience, Carveth argues that superego and conscience are distinct mental functions and that, therefore, a fourth mental structure, the conscience, needs to be added to the psychoanalytic structural theory of the mind. He claims that while both conscience and superego originate in the so-called pre-oedipal phase of infant and child development they are comprised of contrasting and often conflicting identifications. The primary object, still most o.

After the first world war, Paul Valéry spoke for the entire generation when he observed that Western civilization had learned that it was mortal, and that "a civilization is as fragile as a life." Thoughtful people discussed Oswald Spengler's work, began to criticize the idea of progress, revived cyclical theories of cultural decline, and were deeply stirred by the idea that Western civilization was in a state of decay. Since that time there has been no end to jeremiads and diagnoses judging that the crisis of our time is caused by the loss of spiritual convictions, the eclipse of transcendental values, the decline of morality, or the breakdown of traditional belief systems.Frequently, the writings in this genre have offered not sound diagnoses but merely truisms and dolorous representations of symptoms; nevertheless, concealed in them lurks a psychological truth. The breakdown in morality and traditional beliefs, stimulated by rapid social change, mass society and secularization, has helped to devitalize the psychological bearer of conscience and morality: the superego. Historically, the cultivation of the superego had propagated civilized men and a system of internal controls. Now the deterioration of the superego has brought crisis for political power and regression for civilization.

'Being Guilty' examines the thought of six central German philosophers - Kant, Schelling, Schopenhauer, Paul Râee, Nietzsche and Heidegger - on the phenomenon of guilt, or the painful sting of bad conscience suffered when we perform a wrong action. The work also examines these philosophers' views on responsibility, freedom and conscience. It concludes with the novel argument that the thought of Heidegger provides a synthesis of the insights of the previous philosophers and overcomes their deficiencies.

The process through which the Older Americans Act of 1965, enacted to provide social & nutritional services to persons aged 60+ in the US, was amended in 1978 is examined. Attention is given both to the legislative process & to the administrative process that resulted. The perspective of Martin Sicker ("On Targeting Programs for the Elderly," Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 1978, 1, winter), a former associate commissioner on aging, is reviewed. Though the program administered under this act is one of the smallest social services programs, its policy dynamics are typical of those described by the "iron triangle" concept. 13 References. W. H. Stoddard.

THE LATENT FUNCTIONS OF BLACK INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ARE DEALT WITH IN THIS ARTICLE. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE BLACK COLLEGE IS EXAMINED IN THE LIGHT OF FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS. BEFORE THE ACTUAL ANALYSIS IS PRESENTED THE BLACK COLLEGE IS BRIEFLY DISCUSSED AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IS SUMMARILY EXPLAINED. ALTERNATIVES TO THE INSTITUTION OF THE BLACK COLLEGE ARE DISCUSSED.