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A book series dedicated to the harmonisation and unification of family and succession law in Europe. The series includes comparative legal studies and materials as well as studies on the effects of international and European law making within the national legal systems in Europe. The books are published in English, French or German under the auspices of the Organising Committee of the Commission on European Family Law (CEFL). The ageing population poses a huge challenge to law and society and has important structural and institutional implications. This book portrays elder law as an emerging research area and brings together authors from different disciplines (history, sociology and law) and from different legal jurisdictions (Austria, Belgium, England, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain). Topics discussed inter alia include: the recognition of informal care in private law and in inheritance law, the question of whether special consumer protection is needed for the elderly, intergenerational support duty between children and their parents, and public law offering options to support informal care by means of leaves for employees. In doing so, this book reflects on the allocation of responsibilities between different actors and answers questions at an institutional level: what is the role of the state, the family and the individual in taking care of the elderly? This book will appeal to academic scholars and postgraduate students of law and social sciences. With contributions by Elisabeth Alofs (Free University of Brussels), Susanne Burri (Utrecht University), Christian Dorfmayr (University of Vienna), Susanne Heeger-Hertter (Utrecht University), Leen Heylen (Thomas More University of Applied Sciences), Jeroen Knaeps (Thomas More University of Applied Sciences), Dimitri Mortelmans (University of Antwerp), Froukje Pitstra (University for Humanistic Studies), Jordi Ribot (University of Girona), Wendy Schrama (Utrecht University), Ute Christiana Schreiner (University of Vienna), Brian Sloan (University of Cambridge), Veerle Vanderhulst (Free University of Brussels) and Frauke Wedemann (University of Münster). Elisabeth Alofs is Professor of Family (Property) Law and Director of the Master of Laws in Notarial Studies at the Free University of Brussels. She is a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Antwerp and is Vice President of the Flemish Association of Lawyers. Elisabeth publishes on family law and social security law and is an editor of several law journals and book series. Wendy Schrama is Professor of Family Law and Comparative Law and Director of the Utrecht Centre for European Research into Family Law (UCERF) at Utrecht University. She serves as an editor of several family law journals and commentaries, and has published extensively on family law issues. She also is a part-time family law judge at a Dutch district court and has previously worked at the Dutch Ministry of Justice

A book series dedicated to the harmonisation and unification of family and succession law in Europe. The series includes comparative legal studies and materials as well as studies on the effects of international and European law making within the national legal systems in Europe. The books are published in English, French or German under the auspices of the Organising Committee of the Commission on European Family Law (CEFL). The ageing population poses a huge challenge to law and society and has important structural and institutional implications. This book portrays elder law as an emerging research area and brings together authors from different disciplines (history, sociology and law) and from different legal jurisdictions (Austria, Belgium, England, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain). Topics discussed inter alia include: the recognition of informal care in private law and in inheritance law, the question of whether special consumer protection is needed for the elderly, intergenerational support duty between children and their parents, and public law offering options to support informal care by means of leaves for employees. In doing so, this book reflects on the allocation of responsibilities between different actors and answers questions at an institutional level: what is the role of the state, the family and the individual in taking care of the elderly? This book will appeal to academic scholars and postgraduate students of law and social sciences. With contributions by Elisabeth Alofs (Free University of Brussels), Susanne Burri (Utrecht University), Christian Dorfmayr (University of Vienna), Susanne Heeger-Hertter (Utrecht University), Leen Heylen (Thomas More University of Applied Sciences), Jeroen Knaeps (Thomas More University of Applied Sciences), Dimitri Mortelmans (University of Antwerp), Froukje Pitstra (University for Humanistic Studies), Jordi Ribot (University of Girona), Wendy Schrama (Utrecht University), Ute Christiana Schreiner (University of Vienna), Brian Sloan (University of Cambridge), Veerle Vanderhulst (Free University of Brussels) and Frauke Wedemann (University of Münster). Elisabeth Alofs is Professor of Family (Property) Law and Director of the Master of Laws in Notarial Studies at the Free University of Brussels. She is a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Antwerp and is Vice President of the Flemish Association of Lawyers. Elisabeth publishes on family law and social security law and is an editor of several law journals and book series. Wendy Schrama is Professor of Family Law and Comparative Law and Director of the Utrecht Centre for European Research into Family Law (UCERF) at Utrecht University. She serves as an editor of several family law journals and commentaries, and has published extensively on family law issues. She also is a part-time family law judge at a Dutch district court and has previously worked at the Dutch Ministry of Justice.

The Fourier coeffcients v2and v3characterizing the anisotropy of the azimuthal distribution of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at √sNN= 5.02 TeV are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment. The measurements cover a broad transverse momentum range, 1 10 GeV/c range, where anisotropic azimuthal distributions should reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. Results are presented in several bins of PbPb collision centrality, spanning the 60% most central events. The v2coeffcient is measured with the scalar product and the multiparticle cumulant methods, which have different sensitivities to initial-state fluctuations. The values from both methods remain positive up to pT∼ 60–80 GeV/c, in all examined centrality classes. The v3coeffcient, only measured with the scalar product method, tends to zero for pT>~ 20 GeV/c. Comparisons between theoretical calculations and data provide new constraints on the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in heavy ion collisions and highlight the importance of the initial-state fluctuations. ; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Clarín-COFUND del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); and the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845. ; Peer Reviewed

FMSR (Austria) ; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) ; FWO (Belgium) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; MES (Bulgaria) ; CERN (China) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) ; MoST (China) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; COLCIEN-CIAS (Colombia) ; MSES (Croatia) ; Research Promotion Foundation (RPF) ; Academy of Sciences (Estonia) ; National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB) ; Academy of Finland ; ME (Finland) ; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) ; Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules (IN2P3/CNRS) ; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ; HGF (Germany) ; General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT) ; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) ; NKTH (Hungary) ; Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) - India ; Department of Science and Technology (DST) - India ; Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) ; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) ; LAS (Lithuania) ; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) ; SEP (Mexico) ; UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) ; SCSR (Poland) ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) ; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) ; MST (Russia) ; MAE (Russia) ; MSTDS (Serbia) ; MICINN (Spain) ; Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (CPAN) ; Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland) ; NSC (Taipei) ; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) ; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (TAEK) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; DOE (USA) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) - USA ; European Union ; Leventis Foundation ; A. P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; During autumn 2008, the Silicon Strip Tracker was operated with the full CMS experiment in a comprehensive test, in the presence of the 3.8 T magnetic field produced by the CMS superconducting solenoid. Cosmic ray muons were detected in the muon chambers and used to trigger the readout of all CMS sub-detectors. About 15 million events with a muon in the tracker were collected. The efficiency of hit and track reconstruction were measured to be higher than 99% and consistent with expectations from Monte Carlo simulation. This article details the commissioning and performance of the Silicon Strip Tracker with cosmic ray muons.

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2019.04.034. ; PURPOSE: REQUITE aimed to establish a resource for multi-national validation of models and biomarkers that predict risk of late toxicity following radiotherapy. The purpose of this article is to provide summary descriptive data. METHODS: An international, prospective cohort study recruited cancer patients in 26 hospitals in eight countries between April 2014 and March 2017. Target recruitment was 5300 patients. Eligible patients had breast, prostate or lung cancer and planned potentially curable radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was prescribed according to local regimens, but centres used standardised data collection forms. Pre-treatment blood samples were collected. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 (lung) or 24 (breast/prostate) months and summary descriptive statistics were generated. RESULTS: The study recruited 2069 breast (99% of target), 1808 prostate (86%) and 561 lung (51%) cancer patients. The centralised, accessible database includes: physician- (47,025 forms) and patient- (54,901) reported outcomes; 11,563 breast photos; 17,107 DICOMs and 12,684 DVHs. Imputed genotype data are available for 4223 patients with European ancestry (1948 breast, 1728 prostate, 547 lung). Radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) assay data are available for 1319 patients. DNA (n = 4409) and PAXgene tubes (n = 3039) are stored in the centralised biobank. Example prevalences of 2-year (1-year for lung) grade ≥2 CTCAE toxicities are 13% atrophy (breast), 3% rectal bleeding (prostate) and 27% dyspnoea (lung). CONCLUSION: The comprehensive centralised database and linked biobank is a valuable resource for the radiotherapy community for validating predictive models and biomarkers. PATIENT SUMMARY: Up to half of cancer patients undergo radiation therapy and irradiation of surrounding healthy tissue is unavoidable. Damage to healthy tissue can affect short- and long-term quality-of-life. Not all patients are equally sensitive to radiation "damage" but it is not possible at the moment to identify those who are. REQUITE was established with the aim of trying to understand more about how we could predict radiation sensitivity. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and summary of the data and material available. In the REQUITE study 4400 breast, prostate and lung cancer patients filled out questionnaires and donated blood. A large amount of data was collected in the same way. With all these data and samples a database and biobank were created that showed it is possible to collect this kind of information in a standardised way across countries. In the future, our database and linked biobank will be a resource for research and validation of clinical predictors and models of radiation sensitivity. REQUITE will also enable a better understanding of how many people suffer with radiotherapy toxicity. ; REQUITE received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement no. 601826. We sincerely thank all patients that participated in the REQUITE study and all REQUITE staff involved at the following sites: Belgium: Ghent University Hospital; KU Leuven. France: ICM Montpellier, CHU Nîmes (Department of Radiation Oncology, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France). Germany: Praxis für Strahlentherapie an der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden; Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH; Zentrum für Strahlentherapie Freiburg; Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe; St. Vincentius-Kliniken gAG Karlsruhe; Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen GmbH; Universitätsklinikum Mannheim: Anke Keller and Christiane Zimmermann; Strahlentherapie Speyer. The researchers at DKFZ also thank Dr Sabine Behrens and Kerstin Pieper. Italy: Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano; Candiolo Cancer Institute – FPO, IRCCS. The Netherlands: Sylvie Canisius at Maastro Clinics, Maastricht. Spain: Santiago: Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago. Ana Vega is supported by Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) funding, an initiative of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER Funds (INT15/00070, INT16/00154, INT17/00133; PI16/00046; PI13/02030; PI10/00164), and through the Autonomous Government of Galicia (Consolidation and structuring program: IN607B); Barcelona: The authors acknowledge the Cellex Foundation for providing research facilities and equipment. S. Gutiérrez-Enríquez is supported by the Miguel Servet Program from ISCIII (CPII16/00034). UK: University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Dr Tim Rattay was funded by a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Doctoral Research Fellowship (DRF-2014-07-079); Manchester: Jacki Routledge at Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester. Catharine West, Ananya Choudhury and Rebecca Elliott are supported by NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and Catharine West is supported by Cancer Research UK (C1094/A18504, C147/A25254); University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Salford Royal NHS Trust. USA: Mount Sinai Hospital, New York; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. ; Peer-reviewed ; Publisher Version

Introduction / by Simmons Buntin -- Calls to Action. Letter to America / Alison Hawthorne Deming -- This land is (still) our land / Ana Maria Spagna -- From the end of the road / Erin Coughlin Hollowell -- Americas / Seth Abramson -- Of truth, post-truth, alternative facts, and lies / Gregory McNamee -- I don't know how to write a letter to America / Martha Silano -- An American song / Ever Jones -- November, third trimester / Jennifer Case -- It's time to teach my daughter how / Suzanne Frischkorn -- My mother's vote / Fenton Johnson -- The Windigo / Robin Wall Kimmerer -- Extractions, Extinctions, and Depletions. Notes to America / Taylor Brorby -- Refinery / Georgia Pearle -- After the election / Amanda Hawkins -- I had heard / Brian Laidlaw -- Latte capitalism / Deborah Thompson -- Let sleeping wolves lie / Dana Sonnenschein -- Lamentations / Barbara Hurd -- Swallows : Common yet declining / Catherine Staples -- What will keep us / Derek Sheffield -- In the garden / Todd Davis -- A world departs / Sherwin Bitsui -- Stone age / Andrea Cohen -- She's going to be beautiful / Todd Boss -- Geographies of Exclusion. Assembly-line justice / Francisco Cantú -- History kids / David Hernandez -- A president, a travel ban, and a playdate / Bob Ferguson -- Red sky / Peggy Shumaker -- The Earth was once water / Linda Hogan -- 20,000 pallets of bottled water / Juan J. Morales -- "Virtually uninhabited" / Scott Warren -- Club / Christian Wiman -- Invitation to the NSA / Naomi Shihab Nye -- Song for long America / Allison Hedge Coke -- Dear America, sanctuary of a posthuman exile / Karen An-Hwei Lee -- Aperture : A photoless photo essay / Traci Brimhall -- Still birding while Black / J. Drew Lanham -- The red-bellied woodpecker's tongue / Ellen Bass -- Climate Change and Science Denial. Come November / Debra Marquart -- The river between us / Kurt Caswell -- Please do not spit everywhere / Christopher Merrill -- Our climate future / Diana Liverman -- Science under fire / Anita Desikan -- Letter from a concerned scientist / Jacob Carter -- To think like a mountain / Sarah Inskeep -- Whirling disease / R. T. Smith -- Memories (Imaginings) and Other Americas. An American question / Lauret Savoy -- Duplex / Jericho Brown -- Left to themselves they tell lies / Amanda Gailey -- Look at the ways we work upon them / Anne P. Beatty -- First picture day in America / Diana Babineau -- Dear America / Dear Motherland : An essay in fractures / Lee Ann Roripaugh -- Not a good German / Sandra Steingraber -- As American as turning your back on the flag / Yelizaveta P. Renfro -- Each one a bright light / Lee Herrick -- What you'd want to remember / Miriam Marty Clark -- The end of the pier / Allen Gee -- Receiver, achiever, reliever, believer / Elena Passarello -- Drowned and reborn / Jasmine Elizabeth Smith -- To the first of getting longer days / Chris Dombrowski -- Crayons / Rhina P. Espaillat -- Ambient Violences and Misogynies. American studies / José Angel Araguz -- Somewhere I have never traveled / Robert Wrigley -- The woods and the weeds / Debbie Weingarten -- Something like tenderness / Aimee Nezhukumatathil -- Fatherland / Blas Falconer -- No one expects an answer / Erin Malone -- The South / Lesley Wheeler -- To Occupant / Colleen J. McElroy -- Obit / Victoria Chang -- Titration / Brenda Hillman -- Sentinel / Tod Marshall -- In case of active shooter / Heather Ryan -- "My country, 'tis of thee" / Alexandra Teague -- Reply all / Sholeh Wolpé -- Abracadabra / Sandra Meek -- The Power of Panic / The Power of Art. Mortar shells, lunch, and poetry / Scott Minar -- I am the witness : Accidents in a time of Trump / Jen Hirt -- Poetic justice / Rob Carney -- Spell to be said against hatred / Jane Hirshfield -- Hasten to understand / Kathryn Miles -- That corpse you planted in your garden / Elizabeth Dodd -- Reach / Rose McLarney -- In the wake / Anne Haven McDonnell -- A great dawn chorus / Kathleen Dean Moore -- Storm season / Laura-Gray Street -- Closing time / Michael P. Branch -- Shoes / Nicole Walker -- The little painter / Joy Castro -- Images from the Front. In which Twombly and Rader consider the letter / Dean Rader -- The Lacunose / Ellen Welti -- You are not the only America / Patri Hadad -- Jeffersonian 2016 / John Gallaher -- To tell the past from the future / Sarah Skeen -- Of the highest character / Pete Souza -- Not of the highest character / Pete Souza -- The Power of Satire. Presidential alert / Kim Stafford -- We need to talk / John T. Price -- #donaldcommanderintweet / Richard Kenney -- America : In theory and practice / Andrew S. Yang -- Fourteen Donalds / Vince Gotera -- Why I am not president : A campaign speech / Dennis Held -- I go in / Tarfia Faizullah -- Geographies of Inclusion and Renewal. After his election, I make a zen garden / Gary Soto -- The world is large and other things you thought you knew / Sean Hill -- A still hopeful geography / David Gessner -- New names / Joe Wilkins -- Dear Milo / Lawrence Lenhart -- Geography lessons / B. J. Hollars -- Begin again / Sandra Alcosser -- Driftless / Cherene Sherrard -- Bridge / Arthur Sze -- The Elwha : A river and a vision restored / Tim McNulty -- Dear Dulce / Jeremy Voigt -- January 8, 2017, Antarctica / Elizabeth Bradfield -- Diversity : A garden allegory / Camille T. Dungy -- Hell bent on / Pam Houston -- Togethering. November 2016, a view from the National Zoo / Deborah Fries -- High-dollar papayas / John Lane -- Unfold your love / Aisha Sabatini Sloan -- Thoughts from an empty courtroom following the hung jury of a man tried for harboring migrants / Amy P. Knight -- Letter to the future president / Steven and Sophie Church -- Defying hatred / Scott Russell Sanders -- Dear Soon-to-be-Sprout / Elizabeth Rush -- The augury / Kimiko Hahn -- July fourth / Catherine Venable Moore -- Dear Katrina / Katrina Goldsaito -- Dinner with America / Rick Bass -- Acknowledgments and credits -- Contributors.

BMWFW (Austria) ; FWF (Austria) ; FNRS (Belgium) ; FWO (Belgium) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; MES (Bulgaria) ; CERN ; CAS (China) ; MoST (China) ; NSFC (China) ; COLCIENCIAS (Colombia) ; MSES (Croatia) ; CSF (Croatia) ; RPF (Cyprus) ; MoER (Estonia) ; ERC IUT (Estonia) ; ERDF (Estonia) ; Academy of Finland (Finland) ; MEC (Finland) ; HIP (Finland) ; CEA (France) ; CNRS/IN2P3 (France) ; BMBF(Germany) ; DFG (Germany) ; HGF (Germany) ; GSRT (Greece) ; OTKA (Hungary) ; NIH (Hungary) ; DAE (India) ; DST (India) ; IPM (Iran) ; SFI (Ireland) ; INFN (Italy) ; MSIP (Republic of Korea) ; NRF (Republic of Korea) ; LAS (Lithuania) ; MOE (Malaysia) ; UM (Malaysia) ; CINVESTAV (Mexico) ; SEP (Mexico) ; UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ; MBIE (New Zealand) ; PAEC (Pakistan) ; MSHE (Poland) ; NSC (Poland) ; FCT (Portugal) ; JINR (Dubna) ; MON (Russia) ; RosAtom (Russia) ; RAS (Russia) ; RFBR (Russia) ; MESTD (Serbia) ; SEIDI (Spain) ; CPAN (Spain) ; Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland) ; MST (Taipei) ; ThEPCenter (Thailand) ; IPST (Thailand) ; STAR (Thailand) ; NSTDA (Thailand) ; TUBITAK (Turkey) ; TAEK (Turkey) ; NASU (Ukraine) ; SFFR (Ukraine) ; STFC (United Kingdom) ; DOE (U.S.A.) ; NSF (U.S.A.) ; Marie-Curie programme ; European Research Council ; EPLANET (European Union) ; Leventis Foundation ; A. P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium) ; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic ; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India ; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union, Regional Development Fund ; Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino) ; Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste) ; MIUR (Italy) ; Thalis programme ; Aristeia programme ; EU-ESF ; Greek NSRF ; National Priorities Research Program, Qatar National Research Fund ; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund ; Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) ; Welch Foundation ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; MIUR (Italy): 20108T4XTM ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 GRID PP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L00609X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J004901/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L00609X/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000250/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003844/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M004775/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I003622/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I005912/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M005356/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M005356/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003844/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001604/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001531/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001256/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001639/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J005665/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J50094X/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I005912/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: CMS ; A measurement of the underlying event (UE) activity in proton-proton collisions is performed using events with charged-particle jets produced in the central pseudorapidity region (vertical bar eta(jet) | 0.5 GeV, in the azimuthal region transverse to the highest p(T) jet direction. By further dividing the transverse region into two regions of smaller and larger activity, various components of the UE activity are separated. The measurements are compared to previous results at 0.9 and 7TeV, and to predictions of several Monte Carlo event generators, providing constraints on the modelling of the UE dynamics.

International audience ; Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis, which are typically transmitted via respiratory droplets, are leading causes of invasive diseases, including bacteraemic pneumonia and meningitis, and of secondary infections subsequent to post-viral respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of invasive disease due to these pathogens during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In this prospective analysis of surveillance data, laboratories in 26 countries and territories across six continents submitted data on cases of invasive disease due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis from Jan 1, 2018, to May, 31, 2020, as part of the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance (IRIS) Initiative. Numbers of weekly cases in 2020 were compared with corresponding data for 2018 and 2019. Data for invasive disease due to Streptococcus agalactiae, a non-respiratory pathogen, were collected from nine laboratories for comparison. The stringency of COVID-19 containment measures was quantified using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Changes in population movements were assessed using Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. Interrupted time-series modelling quantified changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis in 2020 relative to when containment measures were imposed.Findings: 27 laboratories from 26 countries and territories submitted data to the IRIS Initiative for S pneumoniae (62 837 total cases), 24 laboratories from 24 countries submitted data for H influenzae (7796 total cases), and 21 laboratories from 21 countries submitted data for N meningitidis (5877 total cases). All countries and territories had experienced a significant and sustained reduction in invasive diseases due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis in early 2020 (Jan 1 to May 31, 2020), coinciding with the introduction of COVID-19 containment measures in each country. By contrast, no significant changes in the incidence of invasive S agalactiae infections were observed. Similar trends were observed across most countries and territories despite differing stringency in COVID-19 control policies. The incidence of reported S pneumoniae infections decreased by 68% at 4 weeks (incidence rate ratio 0·32 [95% CI 0·27-0·37]) and 82% at 8 weeks (0·18 [0·14-0·23]) following the week in which significant changes in population movements were recorded. Interpretation: The introduction of COVID-19 containment policies and public information campaigns likely reduced transmission of S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis, leading to a significant reduction in life-threatening invasive diseases in many countries worldwide