Suchergebnisse

Climate change continues to pose major challenges to those responsible for the management of built assets. Whilst mitigation is largely being driven by legislation and corporate social responsibility, adaptation has to compete alongside general built asset management needs. As such, adaptations to address longer-term building performance issues (such as those posed by climate change) rarely get prioritised above more immediate, short-term needs. However, failure to adapt a built asset to climate change could result in significant premature obsolescence if work is not programmed in a timely fashion. This paper will present the results of a case study of climate change adaptation of UK social housing. The project reports the results of an in-depth participatory action research project with a London based social landlord to develop and test a 6 stage climate change adaptation framework and risk based model as part of its built asset management strategy. The project developed metrics to analyse the performance of the housing stock against climate change scenarios for current time and 2050. The project also examined the potential (options appraisals and cost/benefit analyses) for a range of adaptation solutions to close the performance gap and developed performance thresholds to prioritise adaptations into long term built asset management plans. These plans were developed against a range of futures scenarios through interviews and workshops with senior decision making stakeholders within the social landlord's organisation. This paper will present the practical results from this study along with a new theoretical model that integrates resilience theory, risk framing and performance management into built asset management (maintenance and refurbishment) planning. The paper will conclude with a 10 step asset management framework that was developed as an aide memoir to guide other social landlords through the climate change adaptation planning process.

Climate change is emerging as the main driver of current and future climate-related risks for small islands. These risks include sea level rise, stronger tropical cyclones, and changing rainfall patterns. While there is now high confidence in the scientific community that the present change in climate is anthropogenic in nature compared to the Earth's geologic history of natural variability, there is a need for more detailed evaluations of the relationships between humans and the climate. As a human activity affected by climate change, tourism is in need of such analyses since current positivist analytical tools are inadequate for evaluating the complexity of such interactions. This paper reviews the literature, scientific frameworks, and methodological epistemologies used to analyse human community relationships to natural environments and their applicability in small island tourism environments that are impacted by climate change in the Philippines. Political ecology emerges as a potent and appropriate framework since climate change adaptation planning processes for island tourism are inherently political. The paper advances the use of political ecology for climate change adaptation to grapple with the equally complex phenomena of island tourism urbanisation and climate change, thereby contributing to the discourse in three research areas.

Klimapolitik stützt sich auf zwei Säulen, zum einen auf den Klimaschutz und zum anderen
auf die Anpassung an den Klimawandel. Beide Aspekte sind wichtig und es gilt
langfristig das eine zu tun, ohne das andere zu lassen. Die deutsche Anpassungsstrategie
an den Klimawandel wurde im Dezember 2008 vorgelegt und schafft den Rahmen zur
nationalen Anpassung an den Klimawandel. Im Vordergrund steht die Ermittlung des
Handlungsbedarfs mit dem allgemeinen Ziel der Verringerung der Vulnerabilität. Im
Zuge der Strategieentwicklung wurde deutlich, dass es erstens zu Flächennutzungskonflikten
kommen kann und dass zweitens die Raumordnung und -planung Instrumente
bereithält, um diese Konflikte durch eine integrative Perspektive zu mindern bzw. zu
lösen. In Deutschland stellt sich nach vielen Untersuchungen auch die Frage nach der
differenzierten Vulnerabilität von Sektoren und Regionen. Integration spielt hier in verschiedenen
Dimensionen eine essenzielle Rolle: räumlich, durch die Berücksichtigung
regional übergreifender Analysen und Bewertungen von Klimaveränderungen; horizontal,
mittels sektorübergreifender Betrachtung, die unterschiedliche Akteure in Planungen
mit einbezieht; vertikal in Anbetracht der Berücksichtigung verschiedener Handlungsund
Entscheidungsebenen, von kommunal über europäisch bis international. Fachübergreifende
Planungsansätze sind notwendig sowie auch die Klarheit der Möglichkeiten
und Grenzen der Anpassung an den Klimawandel aus rechtlicher Sicht, um eine integrative
Vorgehensweise zu gewährleisten.

The research objective of this project is to conduct an international comparative assessment of urban adaptation planning. Cities throughout the world are experiencing chronic problems and extreme events that are being attributed climate change. Although there is a critical need for cities to protect their built, natural, and human environments, there is notable variability in the approaches they are taking. At one extreme, some cities are developing dedicated and integrated climate adaptation plans. At the other extreme are cities that have not established any plans or initiated any adaptation measures whatsoever. Drawing on theories of diffusion and capacity, and case study and survey methodologies, this comparative international research examines: (1) the types of plans for climate adaptation being adopted in cities; (2) factors associated with differences in the approaches urban municipalities are taking toward climate adaptation planning; and (3) the ways that the efforts of nongovernmental and community-based organizations complement, circumvent, and replace government adaptation initiatives. The results from this inquiry will expand our understanding of the forces and factors shaping decisions related to urban climate action. They also will deepen our knowledge of how civil society actors affect the capacity local governments. Disaster risk reduction is a critical component of climate adaptation planning. Therefore, as a consequence of studying adaptation, this research will enhance our understanding of the social and political dimensions of planning for natural disasters. To ensure that the policy-relevant results reach decision-makers in cities, the findings will be summarized in a report and disseminated to members of climate and local government networks. The research findings also will form the basis for case studies that can be used in graduate-level courses and will contribute to the development of a web tool designed to assist cities in their adaptation initiatives. In addition to generating policy and educational materials, graduate students will have opportunities to gain experience conducting research in international settings. ; This research was funded by a grant from the United States National Science Foundation (#0926349) with additional support from ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability World Secretariat and the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Cover; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Acknowledgments; List of Acronyms; 1 Introduction; Part 1 Climate Change and Climate Adaptation Planning: Context and Concepts; 2 Climate Change: Historical Context and Global Initiatives; 3 Climate Adaptation: A Nexus of Science, Policy, and Planning; 4 Addressing Climate Change: Initiatives and Coping Strategies from Across the Globe; Part 2 Geospatial Technologies: Fundamentals and Terminology; 5 Natural Hazards: Visualization and Basic Mapping; 6 Spatial Analysis and GIS Modeling

'This book provides valuable lessons that will improve public policy and the quality of decisions that will affect generations to come.' Richard Moss Senior Director Climate and Energy United Nations Foundation 'An excellent addition to the body of knowledge on adaptation to climate change from the developing world which has been largely missing until now.' Saleemul Huq Director Climate Change Programme International Institute for Environment and Development 'This important volume is a valuable effort on adaptation to climate change that needs to be on the desks of those seeking coping strateg.

Climate change will affect the way cities work substantially. Flooding and urban heating are among the most tangible consequences in cities around the globe. Extreme hydro-meteorological events will likely increase in the future due to climate change. Making cities climate-resilient is therefore an urgent challenge to sustain urban living. To adapt cities to the consequences of climate change, new ideas and concepts need to be adopted. This oftentimes requires action from different stakeholder groups and citizens. In other words, climate adaptation of cities needs governance. Facilitating such urban governance for climate adaptation is thus a big and increasing challenge of urban planning. Smart tools and its embedding in smart urban governance is promising to help in this respect. To what extent can the use of digital knowledge technologies in a collaborative planning setting be instrumental in facilitating climate adaptation? This question entails visualising effects of climate adaptation interventions and facilitating dialogue between governments, businesses such as engineering companies, and citizens. The aim of this thematic issue is to explore how the application of technologies in urban planning, embedded in smart urban governance, can contribute to provide climate change adaptation. We understand smart urban governance in this context both in terms of disclosing technical expert information to the wider public, and in terms of supporting with the help of technologies the wider governance debates between the stakeholders involved. The contributions reflect this dual focus on socio-technical innovations and planning support, and therefore include various dimensions, from modelling and interacting to new modes of urban governance and political dimensions of using technologies in climate change adaptation in urban areas.

This guideline offers local government officers and local politicians process-oriented assistance for integrating climate change adaptation within relevant sectors of municipal administration with the aim of fostering sustainable urban development. It is thus an instrument to support leadership of this integration process. The levels and areas where integration of climate change adaptation is relevant are systematically presented. This permits the planning and evaluation of potential interventions and measures. The structure of the guideline is based on the levels relevant for the integration of climate change adaptation: I. The local level (i.e., operative measures on the ground) II. The institutional level (i.e., strategic measures within the municipal administration) III. The inter‐institutional level (i.e., strategic measures regarding the municipality's cooperation with external actors). See illustration below. Based on this, the fourth section of the guideline features an analysis table, which allows assessment of the measures taken at levels I-III. Thus, the guideline is a sort of model or grid which can be used to review municipalities' work in order to identify where progress has already been achieved and where there is still need for action. Based on the identified needs and gaps, a second analysis table serves to support systematic planning of the necessary measures for further integration of climate change adaptation within municipal planning and governance.

The population that lives in cities has surpassed the one that lives in the countryside. Cities are recognized as apriority source of pollution. The degradation of air quality and the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI) are some of the most well-known consequences of urban development. The adaptation of the cities is emerging as one of the greatest challenges that urban planners will face in this century. Urban Green Infrastructures (GIs) could help cities adapt to climate change, and the strategy of expansion of greening in urban planning could play an important role in enhancing the sustainability and resilience of cities and communities. Many studies have shown the benefits of GIs to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas and their role as an important urban planning tool to satisfy environmental, social, and economic needs of urban areas. The objective of this article is to propose a methodological approach to evaluate the social perception of citizens regarding urban green areas. The proposed methodology, applied to the reality of the &ldquo ; urban green system&rdquo ; of Catania, is based on an integrated approach between participatory planning and the methods social multi criteria evaluation to guiding the city&rsquo ; s government to realize a new urban resilient development.

The consensus nowadays is that there is a need to adapt to increasingly occurring climate impacts by means of adaptation plans. However, only a minority of European cities has an approved climate adaptation plan by now. To support stakeholder dialogue and decision-making processes in climate adaptation planning, a detailed spatial information and evidence base in terms of a climate impact assessment is needed. This article aims to compare the climate impact assessment done in the context of two regional climate change adaptation planning processes in a Dutch and a German region. To do so, a comparison of guidelines and handbooks, methodological approaches, available data, and resulting maps and products is conducted. Similarities and differences between the two approaches with a particular focus on the input and output of such analysis are identified and both processes are assessed using a set of previously defined quality criteria. Both studies apply a similar conceptualisation of climate impacts and focus strongly on issues concerning their visualisation and communication. At the same time, the methods of how climate impacts are calculated and mapped are quite different. The discussion and conclusion section highlights the need to systematically consider climatic and socio-economic changes when carrying out a climate impact assessment, to focus on a strong visualisation of results for different stakeholder groups, and to link the results to planning processes and especially funding opportunities.