Suchergebnisse

The current study extends the author's previous study in which Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension (1991) was applied to the case of the September 21st earthquake in 1999, the largest natural disaster of the 20th century in Taiwan. The study assessed how the behavior
of Japanese and United States tourists has been affected. The results indicate clear differences in rebound status between Japanese and American visitor arrivals that are remarkably consistent with Hofstede's conceptualization – the Japanese tended toward uncertainty avoidance more
than the Americans.

Explains that bias in human problem‐solving behaviour may sometimes conflict with the assumptions that underlie normative models of valuation. Possibilities include faulty perceptions of the task, routinized valuation procedures that rely heavily on pending sale price‐knowledge and reliance on innate and distorting problem‐solving heuristics. Describes an experiment conducted with appraisers in the USA and valuers in the UK to investigate the impact of price knowledge on the process of valuation and the search and selection of comparable sales. Concludes that both appraisers and valuers can be subject to price‐knowledge bias, reflected in the choice of the less than "best" comparables and in the actual value estimate. Discusses how cultural differences in the appraisal and valuation processes, especially in the transparency of comparables adjustments, help to explain these effects.

This study explores the nature of informal helping processes in Israeli organizations. Results are compatible with earlier findings on informal helping relations in North American organizations, although certain dif ferences between the two studies are noted. Informal help as described by Israeli and North American respondents is closely tied to formal organi zational structures and processes. Israeli managers perceived the helping interactions in their organizations to be more active and directive than did the American managers in the American organizations. Implications of and possible dysfunctions caused by training programs designed to improve informal helping are discussed, and considerations for defining informal help are suggested.

Research suggests that the softness, personalization, and order of the interior design elements of an office might affect appraisals of its psychotherapist. This research examines whether these perceptions are stable across students' judgments in three cultures: the United States, Turkey, and Vietnam. Participants in each country responded to 30 color photographs of psychotherapists' offices viewed from the client's perspective, rating the quality of care and comfort expected in each office. Analyses revealed strong correlations between responses by participants from each country. Perceived quality of care and comfort improved with increases in office softness/personalization and orderliness. Analysis of the reported reasons in making judgments confirmed the importance of these dimensions. Future research could test the consistency of these responses to broader and more diverse sets of respondents and offices. The findings suggest the potential value of psychotherapeutic environments that are soft/personalized and orderly.

Details a cross‐cultural study to expose the extent to which public concern regulates sexual‐eroticism and withdraws it from public attention; identifies a propensity towards the ideal of sexual constraint within US society, reflected by a high degree of regulation and criminalization of sexuality ‐ ranging from strict policies on sexual‐harassment to the restriction of explicit images, even for sex education purposes. Compares with the more liberal attitudes exhibited in Germany. Develops an empirical model to establish cultural differences in attitudes to sexual issues; confirms that Germans are less likely to stigmatize sexual eroticism than their American contemporaries. Concludes that Germans exhibit emotions that typify sexual emancipation, compared with the sexually constrained emotions of Americans; suggests a link between the repression of sexual emotions and violence in society.

Chapter 1: Introduction: Forgiveness and other Elements of Moral Repair -- Chapter 2: Overview of Contributions -- Part I: Western Traditions of Conceptualizing Forgiveness -- Chapter 3: Forgiving Sin -- Chapter 4: Interrupting the Cycle of Violence without Forgiveness? The Story of Joseph in the Bible and Early Jewish Literature -- Chapter 5: "You are better than your deeds": The Modern Theory of Forgiveness and Its Christian Background -- Chapter 6: A Christian View: Joseph Butler on Resentment and Forgiveness -- Chapter 7: Verzeihen but not Vergeben: A Distinction Drawn from German Language Usage -- Chapter 8: Amnesty — Amnesia — Anamnesis: Temporal Relations and Structural Antagonisms in the Moral Economy of Forgiveness and Reconciliation -- Chapter 9: Just another "Legend of the Forgiving Jew"? The Art of Coping with Wrongdoing and How Literature Can Assist -- Chapter 10: On Revenge: The Other of Forgiveness -- Part II: Cases and Concepts of Moral Repair and Forgiveness from Diverse Cultural Viewpoints -- Chapter 11: Karma in Buddhism and the Problems of Cross-Cultural and Cross-Religious Comparison of 'Guilt' and 'Forgiveness' -- Chapter 12: Forgiveness in Neo-Confucianism -- Chapter 13: Practicing Forgiveness in Chosŏn Korea: With Some Observations on Confucian Normative Discourse -- Chapter 14: The Place of Forgiveness in Conflict Management: Scale-bound Institutional Arrangements in the Moroccan Nomosphere -- Chapter 15: Negotiating Truth-Seeking, Ritual Television, and Healing in Mozambique -- Chapter 16: Balancing Individual Dignity and Communal Indignation in African Religious Ethics of Forgiveness.

Drawing on a purposive sample of 25 interviews supplemented by secondary source material, this comparative study explores the options available to elderly immigrants in two quite similar countries to achieve social security in their old age. The focus is the culturally determined perspectives and practices of aging Italian‐born and Indian‐born immigrants in the context of public and private sector social welfare policies and provisions in Australia and Canada. Government transfers, occupational superannuation, tax‐deductible personal savings, housing, and formal and informal supports are discussed. What is important to the sense of social security of the older people and how well‐off or disadvantaged they seem to be are among the questions raised. The design affords an opportunity to test the complex combination of cross‐national and cross‐cultural comparison. In the certainty that the income deficiencies of today's elderly immigrants cannot be remedied easily or quickly enough to benefit those affected, intervention strategies can be aimed at expanding ethno‐specific community supports and quality residential care; such a direction is supported by assessment of service availability in relation to estimates of aging among particular foreign‐born immigrant groups. Suggestions are made for future research at the levels of theory and application.