Suchergebnisse

This article analyses the foreign policy of Romania, Ukraine, and Moldova as well as the evolution of institutional establishment in the region of the Danube. Research shows that the Danube Commission is the main platform for policy coordination but at the same time the interstate dialogue on regional problems is maintained at other levels, by implementing the EU Strategy for the Danube Region and establishing Euroregions for cross-border cooperation. Considering this, it is necessary to specify the concrete spheres of cooperation between the countries: the development of transport, infrastructure, communication, as well as cooperation in environmental protection and the humanitarian field.The article draws attention to certain factors that determine the moderate character of the relations between the countries of the Triangle "Romania–Ukraine–Moldova". First and foremost the problems of bilateral cooperation, second — the existing external and internal conditions.In this regard, the author specifies certain risks that the countries of the region face. It is difficult to resolve disputes between the states because of their different statuses. It is also worth noting that ignoring strategic risks can also lead to transport isolation.

In this article the authors describe the goals of the currently developed network "Danube-Networkers", a network in which educational and cultural institutions from the Danube Region as well as individual persons from the field of education take an active part through participation in common activities. These are pilot projects financed by the European Commission programs and by German institutions, as well as participation in relevant conferences and political actions such as responding to the Commission's call for participation in the development of the Strategy for the Danube Region. (DIPF/Orig.) ; In diesem Artikel beschreiben die Autoren die Ziele des derzeit entwickelten Netzwerks "Danube-Networkers", ein Netzwerk in dem Bildungs- und Kultureinrichtungen aus dem Donauraum sowie einzelne Personen aus dem Bereich der Bildung durch die Teilnahme an gemeinsamen Aktivitäten eine aktive Rolle übernehmen. Diese sind Pilotprojekte, die durch die Programme der Europäischen Kommission und von deutschen Institutionen finanziert werden, sowie die Teilnahme an relevanten Konferenzen und politische Aktionen wie der durch die Kommission ausgerufenen Entwicklung der Strategie für den Donauraum. (DIPF/Orig.)

Published also as Studies in history, economics and public law, ed. by the Faculty of political science of Columbia university, vol. cv, no. 1; whole no. 237. ; "The material for this study.was, in large part, collected for the use of the inquiry created by President Wilson for the study of questions affecting the peace. Parts of it were printed by the State department as an official document."--Pref. ; Vita. ; Thesis (PH.D.)--Columbia university, 1923. ; Bibliography: p. 315-317. ; Bibliographical foot-notes. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"The only alteration in this 2d edition [except some omissions, including Pt. 3] is the addition of an appendix containing some facts with regard to the history of the Danube commission": p. [vii] ; Mode of access: Internet.

The promotion of Inland Waterway Transport (IWT) is one of the political priorities of the "European Union Strategy for the Danube Region". A growing share of IWT within the regional freight transport market is expected to raise the sustainability of the transport system and provide beneficial regional economic effects. Relatively high energy efficiency and good environmental performance, together with low specific costs, rank among the primary advantages of this transport mode. The study "Danube+20" initiated by the European Commission looked at the employment effects of a 20 percent increase in IWT transport volume in the Danube region by 2020 compared to 2010. The results of the simulation using the multi-regional input-output model ADAGIO indicate that IWT offers a source of moderate additional employment for the river's bordering regions. The employment growth mainly results from induced economic effects, i.e., reduced average transport costs for the entire economy.

Le traité de Paris du 30 mars 1856, qui acte la naissance de la Commission européenne du Danube prend en compte les problématiques fluviales en les intégrant dans une évolution ambitieuse du droit européen, souhaitée par la France et la Grande-Bretagne. Du Congrès de Paris à celui de Berlin en 1878, les deux premières décennies de l'existence de la commission voient la volonté conjointe et les compétences partagées des deux puissances parvenir à une amélioration spectaculaire de la situation du bas Danube. Malgré les divergences nées d'intérêts économiques différents, et les résistances des empires centre-orientaux (Autriche, Empire ottoman, Russie), l'impulsion franco-britannique donne naissance, sur le Danube, à une expérience pionnière de projection de l'Europe à ses confins orientaux.

This paper provides an updated analysis of the Danube's hydrographic, hydrologic, and water quality features describing the characteristics of its entire course and focusing on the lower sector. The Danube is the second largest watercourse in Europe in terms of length (2860 km) and basin area (817,000 km2). In Romania, the Danube is 1,075 km long and drains over 97% of the country's territory.. The Danube's multiannual average discharge increases downstream collecting the tributaries waters - 1,470 m3/s at Passau, after the confluence with the river Inn; 1,920 m3/s in Vienna; 2,350 m3/s in Budapest and 5,300 m3/s after the Drava, Tisa, and Sava confluences. The Danube enters Romania at Baziaş with 5,523 m3/s (multiannual average flow during the 1931-2020 period). The maximum discharge is recorded by the high spring waters, but occasionally in summer, too: 15,800 m³/s at Baziaș in April 2006; 15,300 m3/s at Giurgiu, and 15,900 m3/s at Ceatal Chilia. The minimum discharge occurs in autumn and occasionally in winter: 1,040 m3/s at Baziaș in 1949; and 1,790 m3/s at Ceatal Chilia in 1947. The suspended sediments discharge (1840-2000) was on average 53 million tons/ year at Isaccea, that is, 1,681 kg/s. Since 1996, the qualitative monitoring of the water has been implemented through the Danube Transnational Monitoring Network (TNMN) of the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). The spatial and temporal variation in the Pontic sector of the physical-chemical quality indicators, reflects the general characteristics and the effect/impact of the main pressures identified at the basin level for the 1996-2020 period, in monitoring stations (from Baziaș to Reni and on its 3 arms). From a complete and integrative perspective and in line with the Water Framework Directive provisions, the Danube water bodies, their typology, ecological status/potential, and chemical status have been presented. The lower Danube-associated natural protected areas that are established under the international, European and national legal requirements have been reviewed.

The Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal attracted a great deal of attention throughout the twentieth century. Its promoters, The Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal, attracted a great deal of attention throughout the twentieth century and defined it as a tool for integrating a divided Europe. Although the canal was situated almost exclusively on Czech territory, it promised to create an integrated waterway system across the Continent that would link Black Sea ports to Atlantic markets. In return, the landlocked Czechoslovakian state would have its own connections to the sea. Today, the canal is an important building block of the European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways. This book explains the crucial role that experts played in aligning national and transnational interests and infrastructure developments. It builds on recent investigations into the hidden integration of Europe as an outcome of transnational networking, system-building, and infrastructure development. The book analyzes the emergence of a transnational waterway expert network that continued to push for the development of the canal despite unfavorable political circumstances. The book shows how the experts adapted themselves to various political developments, such as the break-up of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the rise of the Third Reich, and integration into the Soviet Bloc, while still managing to keep the Canal project on the map. This book provides a fascinating story of the experts who confronted and contributed to different and often conflicting geopolitical visions of Europe. The canal was never completed, yet what is more remarkable is the fact that the canal remained on various agendas and attracted vast resources throughout the twentieth century.

To evaluate and reflect the sustainability of services in the region, an overall sector sustainability assessment was done taking into account four main dimensions: access to services, quality of services, efficiency of services, and financing of services. Each of these dimensions is measured through three simple and objective indicators. For each indicator, best practice values are established by looking at the best performers in the region, and countries closest to those best performers are deemed to have a more mature sector. A more complete description of the methodology to assess the sector sustainability is included in the Annex of the State of the Sector Regional Report from the Danube Water Program. The outcomes of this assessment for the Czech Republic water sector are displayed in Figure 9, which also shows average and best practices in the Danube region. The Czech sector sustainability score is 88, which is much higher than the Danube average sector sustainability of 64, and is among the best practices in the region. The assessment shows that, on average, the country performs very well in terms of access to piped water and flush toilets, continuity of service, wastewater compliance, staffing level, collection ratio, and nonrevenue water. The main deficiencies of the Czech water sector identified through the sector sustainability assessment are operating cost ratio and affordability. The main sector challenges are: implementing reform regarding the regulatory framework of the sector. Within the framework of the 2014-2020 operational program for environment, the European Commission stipulated ex-ante conditions, requiring the Czech Republic to establish a regulatory office for the sector. Different alternatives are discussed at the governmental level, and regulatory impact assessment papers are being prepared; and facilitating sector strategic planning despite the heterogeneity of the utility ownership structure. Around 6,000 entities (owners, public services providers) operate in the water sector (Expert estimate). To some extent, the heterogeneity of those entities in terms of size, legal status, scope of competencies and interests prevent effective strategic planning, resource balancing, and efficient asset management of regional systems, including drought and water scarcity issues management. Addressing this situation could help implement more efficient sector planning.