Suchergebnisse

L'analyse des confets de rô1es du professionnel et de l'homme d'affaires est faite du point de vue des valeurs auxquelles souscrivent les pharmaciens. La valorisation que les pharmaciens font de leur occupation influence la satisfaction qu'ils en derivent et le reerutment du personnel. L'intérêt suscité chez les pharmaciens par des questions politiques et idéologiques ayant trait à la profession représente un substitut institutionnel aux valeurs d'ordre professional. L'auteur suggère d'autres utilisations possibles du modèle analytique qu'il a développé.

AbstractChina has experienced unprecedented economic development and urbanization in the past four decades, which has reshaped the Chinese city's physical and social landscape. This article reviews research on socio‐spatial differentiation and residential inequalities in urban China. The market transition and institutional changes have led to cities with escalating spatial divisions of socioeconomic groups since the 1990s. The legacy of a planned economy, unique socialist institutions, growing social disparities, migration, and globalization are essential mechanisms leading to the changing socio‐spatial structure of Chinese cities. Divided cities foster social inequalities by unevenly distributing opportunities and resources for education, income, health, and social networks, and, in turn, affect individual well‐being. This review concludes by calling for more theoretical development and comparative research in studies of Chinese residential inequalities and offering some suggestions for the field's future direction.

The extent to which social class differences in the measured ability of children change as the children get older is an important educational, sociological and even political question. Using the results of tests taken by Aberdeen school children at ages 7, 9, and 12, it was found that there was no significant increase in the `class gap in ability' with age, but that there was significant variation in the `class differentiating power' of the tests used. One of the methods used by Douglas, in The Home and the School, to demonstrate an increasing gap between both social classes and ability streams is shown to be unsound. It is also suggested that the regression effects which invalidate the method may affect differentially the accuracy with which we can predict the later performance of children belonging to the several social classes front their success at a selection examination.

1. Introduction -- 2. Chapter 1: Dialectics, De-Naturalisation and Social Differentiation (I): From the Public Sphere to the Emergence of Civil Society -- 3. Chapter 2: Dialectics, De-Naturalisation and Social Differentiation (II): From the Cognitive Content of Aesthetics to Critical Theory -- 4. Chapter 3: Critical Theory and Mediated Non-Identity -- 5. Chapter 4: Critical Theory and Political Theory -- 6. Chapter 5: New Paths Beyond the Marx-Freud Synthesis -- 7. Conclusion: The Mediations of Society -- Biblio -- Index.

This article sets out an analytical framework of differentiation derived from sociology and anthropology and argues that it can and should be applied to international relations (IR) theory. Differentiation is about how to distinguish and analyse the components that make up any social whole: are all the components essentially the same, or are they distinguishable by status or function? We argue that this approach provides a framing for IR theory that is more general and integrative than narrower theories derived from economics or political science. We show why this set of ideas has so far not been given much consideration within IR, and how and why the one encounter between IR and sociology that might have changed this — Waltz's transposition of anarchy and functional differentiation from Durkheim — failed to do so. We set out in some detail how differentiation theory bears on the subject matter of IR arguing that this set of ideas offers new ways of looking not only at the understanding of structure in IR, but also at structural change and world history. We argue that differentiation holds out to IR a major possibility for theoretical development. What is handed on from anthropology and sociology is mainly designed for smaller and simpler subject matters than that of IR. In adapting differentiation theory to its more complex, layered subject matter, IR can develop it into something new and more powerful for social theory as a whole.

Contents -- Contributors -- 1. Introduction: A Wide-Angle Lens on the Psychology of Social Class by Hazel Rose Markus and Susan T. Fiske -- Part 1. Pervasive Ideas and Social Class -- 2. Sociological Perspectives on the Face-to-Face Enactment of Class Distinction by Paul DiMaggio -- 3. The Class Culture Gap by Joan C. Williams -- Part 2. Institutions and Social Class -- 4. Class, Cultural Capital, and Institutions: The Case of Families and Schools by Annette Lareau and Jessica McCrory Calarco