Suchergebnisse

This paper provides a brief review of regulations and procedures relevant to the authorization of marine aggregate (MA) operations in eight EU Member States. MA operations are affected by a multi-level legislative/regulatory regime, consisting of international conventions (e.g. the UNCLOS 1982, OSPAR, Helsinki, ICES, Barcelona and Espoo Conventions), secondary EC legislation (e.g. the Environmental Impact Assessment Directives (85/337/EEC and 97/11 EC) and the Freedom of Access to Environmental Information Directive (2003/4/EC)) and national legislation or regulation. It appears that rules and procedures relevant to MA extraction vary considerably between the considered Member States. In general, relevant information is not easily available in accurate, comprehensive and up-to date form. As a result, it is difficult to assess whether and to which extent national practice in relation to MA extraction authorization is in substantive compliance with the requirements of existing international and European rules and regulations aimed at sustainable development and protection of the marine and coastal environment.

After Brexit and the major crises that impacted the European Union, debates about the polity's disintegration have been triggered, and questions on which state might be the next to leave have intensified. We ask, which factors lead an EU member state to have an orientation to exit? In this dissertation, we conceptualize EU disintegration by bringing the EU member state back to the core of the EU's raison-d'etre and design a matrix for EU disintegration studies, where the EU member state is presented as the fate holder of the EU. The matrix specifies that for an EU state to exit the EU, it has to go through a four-step path; on a domestic level, an EU member state witnesses an orientation to exit, then, an anti-EU veto players constellation leads to invoking Article 50 of the TFEU. Afterwards, at the intergovernmental level, a negotiation based on bargaining power determines the exit terms, then, the EU veto players constellation results in an exit. Additionally, we employ the three theories of EU integration to theoretically frame the study: Liberal-Intergovernmentalism, Neo-Functionalism, and Post-Functionalism. Although commonly perceived as contradicting theories, we argue that none of the three is enough to theorize EU disintegration, but rather the three of them, in a complementary manner. We empirically assess the period from 2008 to 2020 by identifying a list of variables, which we aggregate in nine indicators that form three relevant indices, which are then aggregated by computing the Principal Component PC, to quantify the first step of the four-step path; the EU Member State Orientation to Exit Index. We compare the results of the aggregation using the Principal Component Analysis by averaging and summing-up up the nine indicators. The index is used to forecast which state could fulfil the first required step of the path to EU Exit.

Dynamics and operational models of financial-economic investigation in Italy / Dr Fabio Nicolicchia -- Investigating economic crimes in Spain : an attempt to find order in chaos / Prof. Dr. adn Nieto Martìn and Dr Juan Jos González López -- Criminal investigations in financial-economic matters in France / Dr Olivier Cahn -- The investigation and prosecution of economic and financial crimes' role and function of administrative authorities in Germany / Prof Dr Martin Base -- The role of fiscal administrative authorities in Poland / Prof Dr Celina Nowak -- The dynamics of investigating and prosecuting financial and economic crimes in the UK / Prof Dr Valsamis Mitsilegas and Dr Theodora Christou -- Data protection issues in transnational financial-economic investigations / Dr Francesco Morelli -- Best practices and operational models in financial-economic investigations in Europe in view of the EPPO / Prof Dr Daniele Negri