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The paper discusses the issues and problems of early childhood education in Nigeria. It establishes that the Federal Government of Nigeria in its National policy on Education has given official recognition to the development and provision of early childhood education in the country. This combined with a number of factors to give rise to an unprecedented expansion in the provision of child care and early childhood education institutions in the country. However, nearly all the early childhood education in the country is provided by private proprietors. It also identifies the inability of government among others to put to effect most of the measures it stated in the National Policy on Education aimed at ensuring that the policy objectives are achieved. It has also established that the provision of early childhood education will have positive influence on the educational development of children in later life. DOI:10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n5p173

In September 2002, the New Zealand Government released Pathways to the Future: Ngā Huarahi Arataki, its policy statement in support of the ten-year strategic plan for the early childhood education sector. The document identifies three core goals as a focus for government action: increasing participation in quality early childhood education (ECE) services; improving quality of ECE services; and promoting collaborative relationships. This article positions Pathways to the Future within the broader context of recent early childhood policy and current discourse about children and children's rights. It discusses the policy strategies implemented during 2002 in support of the three core goals of the strategic plan, and reviews gains and remaining challenges.

This literature review on Early Childhood Education (ECE)/Inclusive Early Childhood Education (IECE) is part of the 'Inclusive Early Childhood Education' project, conducted by the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. The project's overall goal is to identify and analyse the factors that enable quality and effective pre-primary programmes for all children in inclusive early years settings. This review shows that international organisations and the European Union (EU) regard high-quality ECE/IECE as an essential foundation for lifelong learning. It is indispensable for success in modern knowledge-based economies. Participation in high-quality pre- primary education has long-lasting positive effects on children's development and the benefits are greater for children from a disadvantaged background (Frawley, 2014). In many cases, the early childhood stage is critical because many children's different needs are detected once they become part of the education system. Therefore, one EU benchmark in the strategic framework for European co-operation in education and training (ET 2020) is that at least 95% of children between the age of four and compulsory school age should participate in ECE. At the same time, there are concerns about the accessibility and quality of ECE/IECE provisions. Despite its importance – especially considering the latest data about provisions for children with special educational needs (SEN) and/or at risk of social exclusion (e.g. due to poverty) in Europe from birth to seven years – the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2004) reports that only one quarter of children with SEN are included in mainstream early education settings. This literature review aims to: • collect information about at-risk children and/or children with SEN in Europe at the pre-primary education level; • describe where those children are located during the pre-primary stages; • explore which resources are allocated to meet their needs; • describe the main characteristics of the educational contexts where these children are included. This document summarises major research and policy documents to analyse Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services and programmes implemented for at-risk children and/or those with SEN. Chapter 2 introduces the definitions of the concepts that are the focus of study. Chapter 3 summarises the main documents published by international organisations and reviews the main EU policy developments related to ECE/IECE which define the context in this area. Chapter 4 reviews the latest literature describing the benefits of ECE/IECE for at-risk children and children with SEN. Chapters 5 to 10 describe relevant academic research, aiming to identify the main factors that are important in early years programmes. The key research is framed within the five principles identified by the European Commission's Thematic Working Group on ECEC (2014), namely: • Access/transition procedures • Workforce • Curriculum/content • Governance/funding • Monitoring/evaluation. ; peer-reviewed

COLLABORATIVE PLAY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION -- COLLABORATIVE PLAY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- SECTION ONE - BACKGROUND -- Chapter 1: CURRENT UNDERSTANDINGS OF COLLABORATIVE PLAY -- Chapter 2: EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN NEW ZEALAND -- Chapter 3: THE RESEARCH PROJECT -- METHODS -- SAMPLE AND SETTING -- ANALYSIS -- ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- SECTION TWO - RESEARCH FINDINGS - THEMES -- Chapter 4: FAMILY ROLES -- Chapter 5: CHARACTER ROLES -- Chapter 6: FUNCTIONAL ROLES

PurposeThis paper seeks to describe a cost‐benefit analysis of early childhood education programmes.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis utilises the best evidence available for early education programmes, combined with data from Washington State and economic literature to determine the monetary implications of these programmes.FindingsThe results indicate that early childhood education can yield benefits that substantially outweigh the costs of the programmes. In addition, these benefits were found to apply in many different public sector areas.Originality/valueThe paper offers an analytic model to determine the long‐term benefits of early intervention programmes.

Le présent article explore l'impact potentiel d'une augmentation de l'investissement dans les services de soins éducatifs à la petite enfance au Canada. Avec un investissement de plusieurs milliards de dollars visant à rendre des soins de haute qualité accessibles, abordables, flexibles et inclusifs pour tous les Canadiens et toutes les Canadiennes, ce projet devrait refaçonner le paysage des services de garde au Canada. Une amélioration de l'accès aux services de soins éducatifs à la petite enfance est importante, mais ne suffit pas. La qualité doit être la pierre angulaire du programme, et les besoins de familles à faible revenu doivent faire l'objet d'une attention particulière. Des mesures incitatives stratégiques pour les fournisseurs de soins et un appui financier pour le personnel éducatif constituent des façons pratiques d'améliorer de façon significative l'efficacité et la portée des services de soins éducatifs à la petite enfance. L'objectif n'est pas simplement d'avoir plus de places en garderie, mais d'offrir de meilleurs soins pour tous. L'article tire parti de toute une gamme d'études de recherche et de documents de politiques pour explorer les défis et les bénéfices potentiels de cet ambitieux projet et pour offrir des recommandations sur la façon dont les intervenants peuvent travailler ensemble à assurer sa réussite. Note des rédacteurs : Le premier volume de Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques a été publié en 1975. Ce volume-ci est le cinquantième. Pour commémorer cet événement, nous avons organisé une série de conférences qui sont publiées dans ce numéro spécial. La professeure Dhuey a donné cette conférence lors des réunions de l'Association canadienne d'économique à Winnipeg en juin 2023.

The dialogue around preschool educators has increased as concerns about the quality of early education have been raised across the world. This paper contributes to a novel historical and contemporary understanding of the professionalisation of Russian preschool educators. This history bears similarities and differences to those of other nations, making this project of interest to cross-cultural comparisons. A particular emphasis is laid on the challenges of, and opportunities for, professionalisation by discussing the issue of professional knowledge and expertise, autonomy, and authority. Data for the study comes from two sources: (1) the historical analysis of preschool educators in Russia; (2) semi-structured interviews undertaken with 25 preschool educators from the major organisations representing them. The research showed the central role played by the state in all historical phases of the professionalisation of Russian early education. It was found that Russian preschool educators are discontented with their current professional standing, and look to the state to enhance it.

This study examines the place of in-home child care, commonly referred to as care by nannies, in Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada since the 1970s. In contrast to childminding or family day care provided in the home of the carer, in-home care takes place in the child's home. Once considered the preserve of the wealthy, demand for in-home child care has increased in response to changes in the labour market and governments have, to varying degrees, incorporated it into wider policy settings. Governments increasingly justify expenditure on early childhood education and care (ECEC) by reference to the dual objectives of enhancing early childhood development and supporting parental employment. This liberal approach to social investment has been characterised by the introduction of market mechanisms in the delivery of ECEC, and other social care services. In-home care sits somewhat uneasily in the child development frame since providers typically are not required to meet the same standards as mainstream ECEC providers.Informed by theories of institutionalism and welfare regimes literature, the thesis uses the concept of 'care culture' to examine how in-home child care has been repositioned within ECEC and broader welfare state policies. It traces the emergence of in-home child care and compares how it is supported by government policy through funding and regulation. The research extends beyond the ECEC domain to consider how migration policy facilitates the provision of child care in the private home. Using a mix of qualitative research methods, including analysis of policy details in each country, government and sector documents and 60 interviews with key policy stakeholders across three countries, it shows how three liberal countries with common policy structures and discourses, in practice, developed different approaches to in-home child care. It illustrates the implications of these policies for families and care workers. It proposes that these differences are shaped by both structural and normative understandings about appropriate forms of care that cut across gender, class/socioeconomic status and race/migration. Overall, it argues that greater attention needs to be given to the way child care work in the private home is situated across ECEC and migration policy.

The role of Muslim women in early childhood education is very urgent in education because women are the first source of knowledge for children. There are many supporting and inhibiting factors for the role of Muslim women executors. This study aims to find the role of female educators in Islam as a dual function that functions as a teacher, parent, and community member. The research method uses qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The findings show the role of Muslim women is not ideal, including the role of women as educators in schools, parents, and education experts. Women's awareness of early childhood education is still very low. Suggestions for future research to dig deeper into the causes of the role of women is still low, and influence government policy in increasing the role of Muslim women or non-Muslim women. Keywords: Role of Muslim Women, Early Childhood Education References: Britto, P. R., Lye, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., … Bhutta, Z. A. (2017). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. The Lancet, 389(10064), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3 Edy, E., Ch, M., Sumantri, M. S., & Yetti, E. (2018). Pengaruh keterlibatan orang-tua dan pola asuh terhadap disiplin anak. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(1). https://doi.org///doi.org/10.21009/jpud.122.03 Fauzia, S. N. (2017). Perilaku keagamaan Islam pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 11(2). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.092.07 Frejka, T., Goldscheider, F., & Lappegård, T. (2018). The two-part gender revolution, women's second shift and changing cohort fertility. Comparative Population Studies, 43, 99–130. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2018-09en Islamiyati, I. (2018). Hubungan kerjasama orang tua dengan perkembangan anak usia dini di kelompok bermain. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(1). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009//jpud.121.06 Jamhari, I. R. (2003). Citra Perempuan dalam Islam. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jum'ah, A. (2006). ). Sayyidinā Muhammad Rasulillah ila al-'Alamin. Cairo: Dār al-Farouk. Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (2013). Petunjuk Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Khan, M. Z. (2003). Woman in Islam and Her Role in Human Development. In The Muslim World. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1914.tb01384.x/abstract Kohli, R., Lin, Y. C., Ha, N., Jose, A., & Shini, C. (2019). A way of being: Women of color educators and their ongoing commitments to critical consciousness. Teaching and Teacher Education, 82, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.03.005 Mansur. (2009). Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dalam Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Masnipal. (2013). Siap Menjadi Guru dan Pengelola PAUD Professional. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. Megawangi, R. (1996). Perkembangan Teori Feminisme Masa Kini dan Mendatang serta Kaitannya dengan Pemikiran Keislaman, dalam Man-sur Fakih, et. al. Membincang Feminisme: Diskur-sus Gender Persfektif Islam. Jakarta: Risalah Gusti. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative Data Analysis. London: Sage Publication. Moeslichatoen. (2004). Metode Pengajaran di Taman Kanak-kanak. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta. Shihab, M. Q. (2001). Tafsîr al-Mishbâh. Jakarta: Lentera Hati. Siregar, N. M. (2018). Peningkatan kecerdasan interpersonal melalui aktivitas fisik anak usia 4-5 tahun. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(2). https://doi.org/://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.122.10 Sujiono, Y. N. (2012). Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: PT Indeks. Sumantri, M., & Syaodih, N. (2006). Perkembangan Peserta Didik. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Suryana, D. (2014). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan TK. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Suyadi. (2011). Pegangan Bimbingan Konseling untuk PAUD. Yogyakarta: Diva Press. Tafsir, A. (n.d.). Pendidikan Agama dalam Keluarga. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Yamin, M., & Sanan, J. S. (2010). Panduan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Jakarta: Gaung Persada (GP) Press. Yusmawati, & Lubis, J. (2019). The Implementation of Curriculum by Using Motion Pattern. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini. https://doi.org/DOI:https://doi.org/10.21009/10.21009/JPUD.131.14