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The article examines the main trends in the economic development of the Republic of Tatarstan from 1990 to 2020 and identifies some consequences of the 2022
sanctions for these trends. The author stresses the role of Tatarstan in the life of European Russia, showing the spatial structure of its settlements and economy. The article outlines the differences in the Tatarstan industrial production, trade and agriculture by district and presents the key trends in their changes over thirty years on maps and figures.
The author identifies the features of rural areas under study based on the ethnic composition of their population, distance from cities and economic transformations in agriculture. The author pays special attention to agroholdings that play an important role in
the social-economic development of Tatarstan and provides examples from the history
of some agroholdings to prove their impact on the economic development of rural areas.
However, the role of small business in the development of rural areas is also explained,
and the issues of rural development in some areas are examined in detail. The author
concludes with a list of main problems in the development of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Presents a unique view of informality within the government of Tatarstan which challenges the notion that these forms can be dismissed as simply corruption. Focuses on interviews with investors and businessmen, showing how informality can be an important factor in the reproduction of elite classes. Limits the article to the unique dynamics of the transition from command economy to free market economy but provides resonance with the experiences of those who have worked in many third‐world societies.

At the present time the creation of favorable conditions for the development of international tourism is set out as one of the main priority tasks for the normal functioning of the tourism business in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan. International practice shows that in modern conditions the international tourism – as the form of international economic relations – was considerably developed and started to have significant influence on political, economic and cultural ties between the countries. In its turn, this leads to the increase of budget and to improvement of life of some regions of the country. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n28p45

Cover -- Title Pages -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction -- Monika Wingender: Contested Bilingualism in Ukraine and Russia: Concepts of Language Conflict in Contact and Conflict Linguistics -- Part I: Discourse on Language Politics in Contemporary Ukraine -- Larysa Masenko: Language Conflict in Ukraine: Finding of Settlement -- Nadiya Kiss: Military Metaphor in Discourse on Language Policies in Contemporary Ukraine -- Lesia Azhniuk: 'Hate Speech' against the Background of Ukrainian-Russian Bilingualism -- Part II: Language Situation in Contemporary Ukraine after Maidan -- Hanna Zalizniak: Language Situation Change in Ukraine as a Result of the Revolutionary Events of 2013-2014 (Findings form a Mass Survey) -- Olena Ruda: The Linguistic Situation in the Ukrainian Media as Viewed by the Public -- Oksana Danylevska: Socio-Cultural Deformations in the Linguistic Environment in Ukrainian Schools: History and the Actual Situation -- Liudmyla Pidkuimukha: Ukrainian-Russian Bilingualism of Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) Participants in a Sociocultural Linguistic Perspective -- Part III: Regional Studies on Bilingual Language Behaviour in Contemporary Ukraine -- Svitlana Sokolova: Bilingual Communication in Ukraine: Regional Features -- Ivanna Tsar: The Language Behaviour of Kyiv Youth in a Bilingual Environment -- Natalia Matveieva: Bilingualism and Diglossia among the Students of Kyiv's Universities -- Taras Tkachuk: Choosing between Ukrainian and Russian in a Multilingual Ukraine (Vinnycja Region) -- Mariia Bovsunovska: Historical and Cultural Conditions of the Functioning of Languages in the Žytomyr Region -- Part IV: Language Situation and Discourse on Language Politics in the Republic of Tatarstan -- Liliya Nizamova: Perceptions of Bilingualism and Multilingualism among Kazan' City Residents.