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The overall aim of this article is to explore the analytical potential and normative value of Helga M. Hernes' concept about woman-friendly welfare states in analysis of Scandinavian countries. The first part discusses the underlying theoretical, political and normative assumptions about gender equality and social justice related to dimensions such as redistribution, recognition and representation. The second part addresses the analytical potential of the concepts for understanding gender equality developments in Scandinavia. The focus is on three themes related to the desirability, feasibility, and theoretical strength of the Scandinavian welfare and gender equality model and the underlying normative, empirical and theoretical premises. The analysis deals with debates about the public—private split in relation to woman-friendly policies, focusing on parental leave, childcare, and age restrictions in marriages involving foreigners. State feminism is explored in relation to women's political participation and representation and women's ability to influence gender equality policies. Furthermore, national variations in views about state feminism are identified. Finally, the article addresses the role of woman-friendly policies in debates about responses of Western welfare states to globalization, ageing and multiculturalism.

The study examined the impact of feminism on gender equality in a modern society with a view to engendering sustainable economic development. The study used the cross sectional survey research design method alongside the stratified random sampling technique. A sample size of 361 female students was selected from the target population of 6,230 female students in Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku and Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant data from the respondents. Three constructs (Intellectual Feminism, Transformational Feminism and Liberal Feminism) were critically analyzed. The statistical techniques adopted include descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses; this was done by using SPSS version 23 for data entry and preliminary analysis. The findings showed that transformational feminism has the highest positive impact on gender equality (ß = 0.583, 0.000<0.05). The study therefore concluded that the age-long socioculturally ascribed gendered roles imposed on women that have deliberately restricted them in the areas of life choices, freedom and participation in paid jobs should be jettisoned going forward. The study recommends amongst others that the Nigerian government should support policies that promote gender equity in areas like education, employment, healthcare and family life as this would help to improve their standard of living and quality of life (QoL). In addition, they should create and promote intellectual spaces that welcome diverse voices including those from underrepresented groups, encourage dialogues that address inter-sectionality and inclusivity in intellectual discussions.

This article addresses some aspects of the Man Question in feminism, by way of the analysis of mens diverse gender-conscious positionings in relation to gender, gender equality and feminism. It builds on earlier work, making use of theoretical models in feminist literature combined with the micro-sociological concept of passing. The article is primarily concerned with the theoretical and empirical complexities, contradictions and ambiguities of mens positionings, as when they are self-defined as feminists (or similar identifications) in radical or deconstructive ways. In this, Swedish interview data are used. Sweden is considered particularly interesting, with a qualified societal consensus on gender equality and a broadly positive place accorded to mens relations with feminism. The authors argue in the final section that there is a need to further dialogue between analyses of men/masculinities and the multidimensionality of feminisms, as well as a need for more empirical studies of mens different (pro) feminist positionings in order to elaborate the theoretical implications of different social contexts. The framing presented seeks to provide greater possibilities for such complex, nuanced and situated understandings of mens relation to feminism, theoretically, analytically and politically. ; This is an electronic version of an article published in: Linn Egeberg Holmgren and Jeff Hearn, Framing men in feminism: theoretical locations, local contexts and practical passings in men's gender-conscious positionings on gender equality and feminism, 2009, JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES, (18), 4, 403-418. JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES is available online at informaworldTM: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589230903260076 Copyright: Taylor and Francis http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/default.asp

PurposeThis paper aims to be a critical reflection on the author's position as a Black female academic in the academy, and comes from a motivation to raise Black consciousness about the importance of Black feminist scholarship.Design/methodology/approachThe author identifies the unique position of Black feminism, which has had to define itself apart from second‐wave feminism of the 1970s, which marginalised non‐White women and the Civil Rights movement, which marginalised women. The oppression faced by Black feminists is apparent in the shifting platforms of identity that Black feminists occupy in the academy. Another obstacle is the restricted and incomplete picture of feminism in the academy, which sidelines Black feminist writing. One of the ways to raise awareness is to focus on the corpus of Black writing and to re‐position it within academic core curricula, rather than relegating it to specialised courses.FindingsIt is found that Black feminism is marginalised in the academy in scholarship and representation. It is also found that students are more receptive to ideas about feminism when approaching the subject indirectly.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of the study is an absence of theoretical literature from a UK context.Social implicationsThe paper highlights the marginalisation of Black feminism in the academy.Originality/valueThe subjects of "feminism in academia" and the representation of "Black and minority ethnics in the Academy" have been explored in scholarship. However the combination of these terms, namely the role of the Black feminist in the academy, is a comparatively unexplored subject. Hence, the originality of this paper.

Through interviews with Christian and Muslim women in Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom, this book explores intersections between religion, citizenship, gender and feminism. How do religious women think about citizenship, and how do they practice citizenship in everyday life? How important is faith in their lives, and how is religion bound up with other identities such as gender and nationality? What are their views on 'gender equality', women's movements and feminism? The answers offered by this book are complex. Religion can be viewed as both a resource and a barrier to women's participation. The interviewed women talk about citizenship in terms of participation, belonging, love, care, tolerance and respect. Some seek gender equality within their religious communities, while others accept different roles and spaces for women. 'Natural' differences between women and men and their equal value are emphasized more than equal rights. Women's movements are viewed as having made positive contributions to women's status, but interviewees are also critical of claims related to abortion and divorce, and of feminism's allegedly selfish, unwomanly, anti-men and power-seeking stance. In the interviews, Christian privilege is largely invisible and silenced, while Muslim disadvantage is both visible and articulated. Line Nyhagen and Beatrice Halsaa unpack and make sense of these findings, discussing potential implications for the relationship between religion, gender and feminism"

The article deals with the concept of feminism and its ontological genesis and epistemological essence, primarily related to the struggle for human rights and freedoms.

Gender-equality work in Sweden is increasingly carried out by private consultancy firms. In this article, we explore the rationalities that govern Swedish market-based gender-equality policy through an analysis of the subject positions that are made available to gender-equality consultants. The article is an adapted version of our published work in Swedish. We analyse what types of agency these positions enable and preclude, as well as how they shape the meaning of gender equality and the content of gender-equality work. While market logics constrain the space for critical analysis and cause gender equality to be subordinated to other goals, consultants nevertheless find ways to resist these tendencies in pursuit of transformative change.