Suchergebnisse

AbstractDesigning a modular product architecture and corresponding organization design may enable firms to internationalize more effectively and efficiently. Open and closed, integrated, and modular product architectures may be associated with increasing product market and firm internationalization. We postulate that the more open and modular the product architecture, the easier product market internationalization becomes. We hypothesize that an open and modular product architecture may permit international product markets to become "components" within a strategy of "modular internationalization."

Market beta estimation, high-frequency data, aggregate economic uncertainty. - Marktbeta-Schätzung, Hochfrequenzdaten, gesamtwirtschaftliche ökonomische Unsicherheit

This paper investigates the short- and medium-term effects of the deregulation of shopopening hours legislation on retail employment in Germany. In 2006, the legislative competence was shifted from the federal to the state level, leading to a gradual deregulation of shop opening restrictions in most of Germany's sixteen federal states. The paper exploits regional variation in the legislation in order to identify the effect product market deregulation has on retail employment. We find robust evidence that the deregulation of shop closing legislation had negative effects on retail employment, with considerable heterogeneity in terms of the type of employment as well as establishment size. That is, the employment losses are most pronounced for small retail stores and are almost exclusively borne by full-time employees.

In this paper we study how promoting product market competition by reducing mark-ups or by increasing productivity are able to complement labor market reforms. We use a simple general equilibrium model with different types of labor. The bottom-line of the paper is that product market reforms will help to reduce aggregate unemployment under many circumstances even though sectoral unemployment may increase. We also highlight that the mobility of high-skilled workers and the distribution of unemployment across sectors determine whether productivity improvements in one sector affect aggregate unemployment positively or negatively.

THIS PAPER EXTENDS THE MULTICOMMODITY TWO-INPUT VERSION OF THE HECKSCHER-OHLIN MODEL TO INCLUDE "NEW PRODUCTS," ON WHICH CONSIDERABLE INTEREST HAS BEEN FOCUSED BY THE PRODUCT-CYCLE HYPOTHESIS AND RELATED ANALYSES. THE EXTENDED MODEL IS THEN USED TO REEXAMINE THE IMPLICATIONS OF RELATIVE FACTOR ABUNDANCE FOR THE CAPITAL AND LABOR CONTENT OF INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY TRADE. AS THIS ANALYSIS SHOWS, THE PRESENCE OF NEW PRODUCTS MIGHT IN PRINCIPLE RESOLVE THE LEONTIEF PARADOX UNDER CERTAIN SPECIFIC CONDITIONS.