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AbstractThe impacts of the economic matrix, particularly the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), within the cadre performance target system (CPTS) on the trade‐offs between local environment and economy have been extensively researched. However, few studies have adequately considered the transition from a single‐target to a multi‐target system and the effects of dynamic changes in this system. This study addresses this gap by assessing the causal effects of China's historic adjustment of GDP‐centric CPTS on local environmental quality. By introducing a dynamic analytical framework of CPTS and employing a time‐varying Difference‐in‐Differences (DiD) design with county‐level data from 2009 to 2018, this study reveals two key findings: (1) Counties that shifted away from a GDP‐centric performance target system experienced a significant average reduction in PM2.5 pollution levels by 6.6%, highlighting the environmental benefits of moving beyond GDP‐focused CPTS; (2) The observed environmental improvements are driven by two mechanisms—correcting land misallocation and optimizing industrial structure. This study advances previous static and single‐goal analyses by introducing a dynamic, multi‐target perspective to cadre performance target‐setting.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the most important and the most common measure of production and its changes, estimated in the national accounts. Since the second half of the 20th century, the UN in cooperation with other international economic organizations has been working on new versions of rules for GDP estimation, known as the System of National Accounts (SNA) and its European version, the European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA). The GDP concept has been criticised by economists, politicians and journalists mainly due to their disappointment that GDP does not measure social progress. This article aims at presenting issues and conventional solutions concerning GDP, which are the subject of criticism, as well as demands for changes in the methodology of computing this measure. This paper concludes that it is not possible to build a single indicator for measuring both economic growth and social development. The barrier to constructing a measure of social progress with features similar to GDP is the requirement for evaluative assumptions which are beyond the GDP concept. It was found that a separate system of indicators should be developed for statistical measurement of social aspects of development.

This article explores the impact of monetary policy on gross domestic product (GDP) of the state. There is an immense effect of monetary policy on GDP of the country. In this regard variables have been studied to prove the hypothesis. The data of past 10 years from 2005 to 2014 has been used for driving the result. To determine the relationship between two exist regression and correlation technique has been used. The study proves that money supply, interest rate and inflation greatly affect the GDP. There are various unknown factor that impact on GDP. Now for some years monetary policy of Pakistan is very supportive and promoting the objective of price stability and economic growth and it is achieving its objective by targeting monetary aggregates in accordance with GDP growth and inflation target set by the Government.Â

Nowadays, policy makers believe that the tourism is a positive tool for economic growth of nations because which helps to economies of countries by several ways. In Sri Lankan experience it was not statistically confirmed. The aim of this study was to test the nexus between the tourism earnings and the gross domestic product in Sri Lanka. To test this nexus this study used time series data during the period of 1970 to 2014, and employed the multiple regressions model. In this study, the gross domestic product in constant price was used as dependant variable and exchange rate, foreign remittance, tourism earning, and inflation rate were considered as independent variables. Based on the regression outcomes, this study found that the tourism positively maintained the nexus on the gross domestic product in Sri Lanka at five percent significant level.

This paper is an attempt to explain the welfare economics in terms of GDP using the expenditure approach of GDP estimating. Thus, the assumption is that GDP measures the economic welfare and trying to identify which indicators does contribute more on it using the expenditure approach. The data used for this study has spanned over the period of 1992 till 2012 and taken from the World Development Indicators. The model consists of five variables including GDP, HCE, GE,GFCF, and T. The methodology to test the impact of these variables on GDP has been limited to the least squares method. The co-integration of the variables has been ascertained through application of graphical approach, correlogram test and Ljung - Box statistic. It is found to hold in the long run. The findings indicate that Albania's welfare economics is positively affected by household consumption expenditure, government expenditure as well as gross fixed capital formation of private sector while trade has a negative impact. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n4p343

AbstractDuring the financial crisis, monetary policy was loosened significantly. Debate continues about the extent to which low interest rates and quantitative easing (QE) may have had adverse distributional impacts, whether by income, wealth, age or region. Using quantified simulations on micro data, I show that looser monetary policy had a significantly positive financial impact on the majority of cohorts of UK society. The impact of monetary policy loosening on income and wealth inequality was small and the overall impact on household welfare significantly positive. These results differ from public perceptions of monetary policy. Personalised information on the impact of monetary policy on household balance sheets could help to correct these misperceptions.