Suchergebnisse

This report's overarching objective is the examination of key trends in the evidence base of female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C) and gaps in knowledge for Nigeria, building on a scoping review of peer-reviewed and "grey" literature along with quantitative analysis of relevant data. What is clear from prevalence levels identified over the last 15 years is how widespread different types of FGM/C are, in Nigeria's different ethno-geographical zones, and the little change that has taken place over time, despite increased international, and renewed national, political commitment to eradicate the practice. The findings show that much work remains to be conducted on the evaluation of FGM/C abandonment efforts, particularly the need for methodologically rigorous intervention evaluations. This review reveals that we need to collect data to understand FGM/C prevalence over time and identify contributing factors among regional cultures that will be necessary to inform specific future policy and program interventions. The need for strengthening monitoring and of interventions to establish what works and what does not work, together with investments in methodologically robust data collection and analysis will be important parts of the process for generating credible evidence to inform FGM/C policy and action.

This report addresses the then recent developments in Asylum Law and Female Genital Mutilation.

Abstract Background Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is still prevalent in several communities in Kenya and other areas in Africa, as well as being practiced by some migrants from African countries living in other parts of the world. This study aimed at detecting clustering of FGM/C in Kenya, and identifying those areas within the country where women still intend to continue the practice. A broader goal of the study was to identify geographical areas where the practice continues unabated and where broad intervention strategies need to be introduced. Methods The prevalence of FGM/C was investigated using the 2008 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) data. The 2008 KDHS used a multistage stratified random sampling plan to select women of reproductive age (15–49 years) and asked questions concerning their FGM/C status and their support for the continuation of FGM/C. A spatial scan statistical analysis was carried out using SaTScan™ to test for statistically significant clustering of the practice of FGM/C in the country. The risk of FGM/C was also modelled and mapped using a hierarchical spatial model under the Integrated Nested Laplace approximation approach using the INLA library in R. Results The prevalence of FGM/C stood at 28.2% and an estimated 10.3% of the women interviewed indicated that they supported the continuation of FGM. On the basis of the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), hierarchical spatial models with spatially structured random effects were found to best fit the data for both response variables considered. Age, region, rural–urban classification, education, marital status, religion, socioeconomic status and media exposure were found to be significantly associated with FGM/C. The current FGM/C status of a woman was also a significant predictor of support for the continuation of FGM/C. Spatial scan statistics confirm FGM clusters in the North-Eastern and South-Western regions of Kenya (p < 0.001). Conclusion This suggests that the fight against FGM/C in Kenya is not yet over. There are still deep cultural and religious beliefs to be addressed in a bid to eradicate the practice. Interventions by government and other stakeholders must address these challenges and target the identified clusters.

Maria Frederika Malmström, The Politics of Female Circumcision in Egypt: Gender, Sexuality and the Construction of Identity (London and New York: I.B. Taurus Press, 2016).Heidi Morrison, Childhood and Colonial Modernity in Egypt (London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).Nefissa Naguib, Nurturing Masculinities: Men, Food and Family in Contemporary Egypt (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015).

This article intends to present the Scandinavian legislation on female genital mutilation and explore the implications of the laws. Juxtaposing trends of plastic genital surgery in the West with claims that female circumcision may be a practice generally abandoned in Scandinavia, we highlight the double morality inherent in current public discussions. Finally, we pose the question: Is the legal principle of equality before the law regarded when it comes to alterations of the female genitals?

Male and female genital mutilations (known as circumcision) are known in some cultures as rites of passage and purificatoin (Kennedy 1970; Toubia 1993; Turner 1985). However, I argue that they have another less declared but very significant aspect: they are functions and tools of patriarchal gender power politics. This paper deals with both types of genital mutilations, male and female, though it gives more attention to Male Genital Mutilation (MGM) because it is a muted gender issue. It is based on a study that I carried out in 1999-2000. It is a qualitative field study on the attitudes of 23 Egyptian intellectuals towards MGM*. All of the respondents are active against female genital mutilatoin (FGM) but tolerant to MGM. I interviewd them on semi-structured one-one basis. One important result of this study is that MGM as practiced in Egypt today is based on gender power politics (Abd el Salam 2000). Following is an elaboratoin on this point through interpretatoin of some observed beliefs and practices related to MGM and FGM.

The increasing number of migrant women and girls in Australia affected by female genital mutilation (PGM) presents a significant challenge for public policy. Addressing FGM requires an understanding of the practice, its incidence and consequences; as of the cultural patterns and belief systems that underwrite it in those countries where it is commonly practised. Australian policy and programmatic responses to FGM are placed in the context of both international initiatives and those in other countries of settlement, and the underlying principles that guide effective FGM policy development identified.