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Traditionally, in general studies of the First World War, the Middle East is an arena of combat that has been portrayed in romanticised terms, in stark contrast to the mud, blood, and presumed futility of the Western Front. Battles fought in Egypt, Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Arabia offered a different narrative on the Great War, one in which the agency of individual figures was less neutered by heavy artillery. As with the historiography of the Western Front, which has been the focus of sustained inquiry since the mid-1960s, such assumptions about the Middle East have come under revision in the last two decades - a reflection of an emerging 'global turn' in the history of the First World War. The 'sideshow' theatres of the Great War - Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and the Pacific - have come under much greater scrutiny from historians. The fifteen chapters in this volume cover a broad range of perspectives on the First World War in the Middle East, from strategic planning issues wrestled with by statesmen through to the experience of religious communities trying to survive in war zones. The chapter authors look at their specific topics through a global lens, relating their areas of research to wider arguments on the history of the First World War.

The syllabi on modern Middle Eastern history courses submitted by members of MESA were, not unnaturally, varied in general approach, in time span and in area covered. There were certain common elements, however, within the framework of which this syllabus has largely remained. Four such congruences were most important:1)the use of a chronological rather than a topical or problems approach in teaching the history of the modern Middle East (while particular topics or problems were often isolated within a particular time period, all of the syllabi submitted used a chronological framework);2)a general tendency to begin with a brief survey of the medieval history of the Middle East before beginning intensive treatment at the beginning of the nineteenth century;3)an emphasis on internal development and modernization rather than on political-diplomatic history;4)the frequent use of reading assignments (a chapter from one work, a number of pages from another) from a variety of semi-specialized or monographic works rather than reliance on one or more texts or readers.

Voices of Protest: Arab Nationalism and the Palestinian Revolution at the American University of Beirut / Betty S. Anderson. - S. 390-403 The "Failure" of Radical Nationalism and the "Silence" of Liberal Thought in the Arab World / Christoph Schumann. - S. 404-415 Bread, Freedom, Independence: Opposition to Nazi Germany in Lebanon and Syria and the Struggle for a Just Order / Götz Nordbruch. - S. 416-427 "Out of Place": Home and Empire in the Works of Mahmud Ahmad al-Sayyid and Dhu Nun Ayyub / Orit Bashkin. - S. 428-442

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Illustrations and Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface -- Introduction -- PART ONE: Egypt and the Levant from Prehistoric Times to the Hyksos -- CHAPTER ONE Villages, Camps, and the Rise of a Colossus -- CHAPTER TWO Upper and Lower Egypt and the Walled Towns of Asia -- CHAPTER THREE "Lo, the Vile Asiatic!" -- CHAPTER FOUR "Trampling the Foreign Lands": Egypt and Asia during the Middle Kingdom -- CHAPTER FIVE The Hyksos in Egypt -- PART TWO: The Egyptian Empire in Asia -- CHAPTER SIX "Extending the Frontiers of Egypt" -- CHAPTER SEVEN The Empire of the New Kingdom -- CHAPTER EIGHT Asia in Egypt: Mosaic, Not Melting Pot -- PART THREE: The Great Migrations -- CHAPTER NINE The Coming of the Sea Peoples -- CHAPTER TEN "These are the Bene-Yisrael. . ." -- PART FOUR: Egypt and the Hebrew Kingdoms -- CHAPTER ELEVEN Horses and Pharaoh's Daughter: Egypt and the United Monarchy -- CHAPTER TWELVE Egypt and Israel in the World of Assyria -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN Specter or Reality? The Question of Egyptian Influence on Israel of the Monarchy -- CHAPTER FOURTEEN Four Great Origin Traditions -- CHAPTER FIFTEEN Egypt and the Fall of Judah -- Epilogue -- Index

If historians of the Middle East have turned their attention to the environment rather later than those in other subfields, a recent crop of books indicates that a new generation of scholars has spent much productive time considering environmental histories of other geographies. The books reviewed in this essay stand out for their insistence on examining Middle Eastern environments as both ecological facts and representational spaces. Taken in concert, they indicate the vibrancy of environmental history in the field. Moreover, their careful attention to methodology and creative use of sources opens up spaces for new investigations of politics, culture, and religion as mediated through environmental management and representation. Following on the recent work of Diana K. Davis, Edmund Burke III, and others, these historians have marshaled environmental, climatological, epidemiological, biological, and geological data for historical argument. Thus, the resulting works situate themselves deeply within their respective historiographic narratives, yet also interrupt, redelineate, and unsettle those narrative assumptions. At its best, the so-called "environmental turn" in the history of the Middle East represents not an intellectual fashion, but rather a major methodological shift that involves a reframing of our understanding of the formation of the field.

Following the youth-led reformative wave that swept the Middle East in 2011 during what came to be known as the Arab Spring, the media landscape in the region has continued to diversify and change alongside technology and social media. However, in order to deal with a large youth demographic that is seeking increased civil liberties and equality, and to prevent another series of protests, many governments are placing restrictions and limitations on the press, internet access, and censoring individuals who are critical of government or politically active. Through a critical analysis of the current media landscapes of five nations; Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Syria, and Yemen, as well as specific examples of media suppression and censorship, this research establishes a global perspective on free speech and suggest a protocol for youth engagement through social media and understand how regulation translates into censorship.

New to this edition -- Part I. The advent of the modern age -- From late antiquity to the dawn of a new age -- Gunpowder empires -- The Middle East and the modern world system -- War, diplomacy, and the new global balance of power -- Documents: Evliya Chelebi : Seyahataname (1); Evliya Chelebi : Seyahataname (2); Draft Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the Ottoman Empire and France, February 1535; The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East-Indies (1); The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East-Indies (2) -- Part II. The question of modernity -- Defensive developmentalism -- Imperialism -- Wasif Jawhariyyeh and the great nineteenth-century transformation -- The life of the mind -- Secularism and modernity -- Constitutionalism -- Documents: Commercial Convention (Balta Liman) : Britain and the Ottoman Empire; The Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane; The Islahat Fermani; The d'Arcy oil concession; Algeria : the poetry of loss; Huda Shaarawi : a new mentor and her salon for women; Rifaca Rafic al-Tahtawi : the extraction of gold or an overview of Paris; Muhammad Abduh : the theology of unity; Namik Kemal : extract from the journal Hurriyet; The supplementary Fundamental Law of 7 October 1907 -- Part III. War I and the Middle East state system -- State-building by decree -- State-building by revolution and conquest -- The invention and spread of nationalisms -- The Israeli-Palestinian conflict -- Documents: An Arab soldier in the Ottoman Army; Resolution of the Syrian General Congress at Damascus, 2 July 1919; Theodor Herzl : a solution of the Jewish question; The Balfour Declaration, 2 November 1917; Mahmud Darwish : eleven planets in the last Andalusian sky -- Part IV. The contemporary era -- The autocratic state -- Oil -- The United States and the Middle East -- Resistance -- The Arab uprisings -- Conclusion: The end of an era? -- Documents: Speech delivered by President Gamal Abd al-Nasser at Port-Said on the occasion of Victory Day on 23 December 1961; Zakaria Tamer : tigers on the tenth day -- Ali Shariati : the philosophy of history : the story of Cain and Abel -- Ayatollah Khomeini : Islamic government -- Sayyid Qutb : milestones -- Statement of the April 6 movement regarding the demands of the youth and the refusal to negotiate with any side -- Yassir al-Manawahly, The International Monetary Fund

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- I Pearls Scattered: An Introduction -- II A Women's World History, in the World of Arabic Letters: A Reader's View -- III Founding Mothers, Speaking Sisters: Lineaments of Community in History -- IV Writerly Pursuits: A Compiler's Archive -- V A Beckoning Compass, Circulating Lives: The Bustani Encyclopedia and Other Nineteenth-century Sources -- VI Interlocutors? Men Authoring Women's History in the 1890s -- VII Framing a History of the Present: or, Did the Pearls Scatter to the World's Fair? -- VIII Violent Romances: The Bodily Drama of Patriarchal Trauma -- Conclusion: A World of Women, Feminist History and the Importance of the Feminine Signature -- Appendix I: Translations -- Appendix II: List of Fawwaz's Pearls -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

"This book provides a new theory for how democracy can materialize in the Middle East, and the broader Muslim world. It shows that one pathway to democratization lays not in resolving important, but often irreconcilable, debates about the role of religion in politics. Rather, it requires that Islamists and their secular opponents focus on the concerns of pragmatic survival -- that is, compromise through pacting, rather than battling through difficult philosophical issues about faith. This is the only book-length treatment of this topic, and one that aims to redefine the boundaries of an urgent problem that continues to haunt struggles for democracy in the aftermath of the Arab Spring."--Page 4 of cover

Intro -- Preface: Does History Matter in Gender Psychology? -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Gender Role and Contributions of Women to Astronomy and Medicine in Ancient Egypt -- Introduction -- Ancient Times: Living in Duality -- Time Patterns and Survival -- Natural and Supernatural -- Upper and Lower Egypt -- Divine Pairs of Opposite Sex -- Two Faces of a River -- An Impression of Daily Life in Ancient Egypt -- Highest Priest as Mediator Between Gods and the People -- Position of Women Within the Family and the Society at Large -- The Scope of Astronomy in Ancient Egypt -- The Scope of Medicine in Ancient Egypt -- Role of Women as Astronomers -- Role of Women as Physicians -- Back to the Future -- Summary and Perspective -- References -- 2 Septimia Zenobia: The Inspiring Queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria (240-c. 274 AD) -- Designation and Origin -- Family and Early Life -- Queen of Palmyra and Consolidation of Power -- Early Supremacy, Expansion, Governance, and Administration -- Titles, Agreement with Rome, and Collapse -- Captivity and Fate -- Evaluation, Legacy, and Myth -- References -- 3 Female Pioneers in Islamic Middle Ages: A Theological and Psychological Perspective -- Introduction -- Gender Role in Islamic Theology and History -- Female Pioneers in Islamic Middle Ages -- Fatima Al-Samarqandi-Islamic Scholar and Jurist -- Sayyida Al Hurra-Queen of Tetouan and Notorious Pirate Queen -- Female Pioneers in Science and Medicine -- Psychological Aspects -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 4 Milestones of Egyptian Women' Progress in Education and Science from the Nineteenth Century to the Present -- Introduction -- Egyptian Women During Mohamed Ali Time (1805-1848) -- Egyptian Women of Modern Time as Compared to Western Women -- Egyptian Women from 1900s till 2000s -- Hilana Sedarous (1904-1998).

From a historical comparative perspective, this title explores the globalization of dominant myths of 'modern' family and society, and their effects on families in Egypt, Iran, and Tunisia uniquely contributing to sociological debates about globalization.