Suchergebnisse

The uncontrolled wave of immigrants to the European Union countries, which reachedits peak in 2015, challenged not only the well-established system of asylum policies in the MemberStates but also revealed the fundamental differences among them concerning the so-called "immigrationissue". The article focuses on the mechanisms and institutions which evolved during thedifferent waves of immigrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. It also looks for an answer to thequestion: is mass immigration to Europe a threat or an opportunity? Depending on one's attitude tothe topic, the answer may be positive or negative.

The uncontrolled wave of immigrants to the European Union countries, which reached its peak in 2015, challenged not only the well-established system of asylum policies in the Member States but also revealed the fundamental differences among them concerning the so-called "immigration issue". The article focuses on the mechanisms and institutions which evolved during the different waves of immigrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. It also looks for an answer to the question: is mass immigration to Europe a threat or an opportunity? Depending on one's attitude to the topic, the answer may be positive or negative.

Collective housing (CH) is undergoing a revival in Belgium. Since 2009, the Flemish Government Architect and his team have been advocating CH, stressing its importance as a task for architects given the demand for affordable housing and the need to reduce the environmental impact of housing. This support for CH has converged with the work of the non-profit citizen organization Samenhuizen ("Living together") and the ad hoc initiatives taken by individual households and architects. In the Netherlands too, where there is a longer tradition of CH, the phenomenon is once more on the rise because of the housing crisis. As it is a developing topic, the terminology used for CH is also evolving. Drawing on publications on the subject in both Belgium and the Netherlands as well as on interviews with relevant stakeholders, this article sheds light on two widely published cases in both countries (pioneering and current, greenfield and conversion). These cases are compared in regard to thematic areas, based on an extensive literature study on collaborative housing by Lang et al. (2018). In addition to such aspects as the balance between "individuality" and the "collective" we compare the role played by architects in both countries. Besides similarities, we show that the historical context, and especially the housing policy of each country, has a great influence and that the role of the architect is essential in the development of older and contemporary cohousing projects.

ABSTRACTOver the last 50 years, intense urbanisation has taken place in the Netherlands. This has resulted in the development of many polycentric urban regions, which consist of historic core centres, other historic centres as well as new urban centres (NUCs). Focusing on NUCs in Dutch city regions, this paper presents the results of a research project analysing the number and spatial structure of NUCs, examines their functional composition and explains the different types of centres that exist. The paper also analyses the level of centrality of the NUCs. The main finding is that functional composition is related to the type of area in which NUCs are built: district centres, villages, new towns, transition areas or university areas. With a character that is much narrower than that of core centres, the NUCs house a lower diversity of functions, fewer facilities serving an area larger than central districts, and a limited number of public transport modes.

This thesis examines the regulation of architects in Belgium and the Netherlands and discusses who is allowed to use the title and practice the profession. Also the contractual liability of architects is compared. The free movement of architects is analyzed in an EU context. Finally the book contains an economic analysis of the regulation of architects to determine whether the Dutch of Belgian regulation is necessary and proportional to reach the goals set. In this way the thesis aims to determine whether the Dutch or the Belgian combination of regulations and contract law provisions is most cost-efficient from an economic point of view.

Introduction: Professional and common usage of language names This chapter critically analyses the labelling of youthful language use in Belgium and the Netherlands. Urban youthful speech practices have in recent years been assigned a variety of labels, some of which have gained currency among insiders as well as outsiders. Linguists have not infrequently contributed to (the success of) this labelling process through their scholarly descriptions and public communication about their work (see e.g. Labov 1969, 1972a, on 'Black English vernacular' or 'ebonics'). We argue, however, that regardless of the terms chosen, the practice of labelling language use has epistemological and ideological implications that must be addressed in sociolinguistic research. Our chapter presents two case studies to illustrate this. The first shows how linguists' labels can begin to live lives of their own as they are ideologized in public discourse (cf. Chapter 2). The second demonstrates how an ostensibly technical labelling attempt may be resisted and de-neutralized by those who are labelled. We suggest that making a principled distinction between labels as ethnographic facts and labels as professional acts is a prerequisite for engaging with the intricacies of labelling youth vernaculars. Attending to language names or linguistic labels appears to be caught, on the one hand, between the growing awareness among (socio)linguists and linguistic anthropologists that the concept of a language as an identifiable object is highly problematic, and, on the other hand, the importance that language names have for speakers as they navigate their social, cultural and political worlds. ; SCOPUS: ch.b ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The impact of an airport on spatial economic development is cited to justify investments. Local governments are of the opinion that an airport can have a positive effect on a region. However, there are disagreements about just how much extra employment and added value an airport generates. It differs between 200 en 2000 extra jobs per million passengers. The paper examines the causes of these large discrepancies. Questions of definitions and the degree to which indirect employment, induced effects and catalytic effects are taken into account muddle the comparability. The demarcation of the terrain of an airport is also different; sometimes it?s broad, sometimes limited. Another limitation is the fact that all Ryanair employees have an Irish employment contract, and therefor don?t show up in the statistics at Charleroi. The aforementioned reasons indicate why a straight comparison between different airports is not possible This paper contains recent data about the airport development of Dutch and Belgian airports. It shows significant differences between the airports. Small airports have a relatively large amount of employees compared to their production. Large airports benefit from their greater scale. Timeseries for employment and added value show an increase in labor productivity. The total number of jobs on Belgian airports has decreased owing to the demise of SABENA in 2001. The paper also shows how the stimulating development policy of the Walloon government leads to a sharp increase in employment on the two Walloon airports : Charleroi as an airport for low-cost airlines and Liège-Bierset as an airport for express-freight. Employment has continuously grown at Amsterdam Schiphol airport since the 1970?s. In the early years this was mainly through the growth of passenger numbers and the development of the hub-function. In more recent years the growth has been spurred by the demand for increased safety measures, but the most significant contribution to the recent growth of employment at Schiphol has been the development of the Airport-city. The presence of a home-base carrier has shown to have the largest effect on employment. JEL-code : Transportation Systems R40 - General