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In a concise, authoritative, and gripping telling, Brian Michael Jenkins--one of our leading authorities on national security and an advisor to governments, presidents and CEOs--provides a masterly account of what kind of future the planet might be facing...by looking at the world's long history of epidemics and discerning what was common about their aftermath

In the US, there is a wide-ranging network of at least 370 food banks, and more than 60,000 hunger-relief organizations such as food pantries and meal programs. These groups provide billions of meals a year to people in need. And yet hunger still affects one in nine Americans. What are we doing wrong? In Reinventing Food Banks and Pantries, Katie Martin argues that if handing out more and more food was the answer, we would have solved the problem of hunger decades ago. Martin instead presents a new model for charitable food, one where success is measured not by pounds of food distributed but by lives changed. The key is to focus on the root causes of hunger. When we shift our attention to strategies that build empathy, equity, and political will, we can implement real solutions. Martin shares those solutions in a warm, engaging style, with simple steps that anyone working or volunteering at a food bank or pantry can take today. Some are short-term strategies to create a more dignified experience for food pantry clients: providing client choice, where individuals select their own food, or redesigning a waiting room with better seating and a designated greeter. Some are longer-term: increasing the supply of healthy food, offering job training programs, or connecting clients to other social services. And some are big picture: joining the fight for living wages and a stronger social safety net. These strategies are illustrated through inspiring success stories and backed up by scientific research. Throughout, readers will find a wealth of proven ideas to make their charitable food organizations more empathetic and more effective. As Martin writes, it takes more than food to end hunger. Picking up this insightful, lively book is a great first step. -- Provided by publisher

AbstractRecent work has established a framework for explaining the origin of cognitive novelties—qualitatively distinct cognitive traits—in human beings. This niche construction approach argues that humans engineer epistemic environments in ways that facilitate the ontogenetic and phylogenetic development of such novelties. I here argue that attention to the organized relations between content-carrying informational vehicles, or informational form, is key to a valuable explanatory strategy within this project, what I call structural-causal explanations. Drawing on recent work from Cecilia Heyes, and developing a case study around a novel mathematical capacity, I demonstrate how structural-causal explanations can contribute to the niche construction approach by underwriting the application of explanatory tools and generating new empirical targets.

In this piece, I critically reflect upon some of the claims made about precariousness and the end of salarisation in the context of an informational society. The main source and target of critique will be one of the most notable early renderings of the topic, that of Manuel Castells, with additional material from the work of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. The account will conclude, following Paolo Virno's negative rendition of Marx's thesis of the general intellect, that precariousness does not herald the end of salarization and the traditional capital-labour relation, but rather its reinforcement through flexibilization and informationalization. Rumours of the demise of the wage relation are suggested to be exaggerations, with the latter as strong as ever, diversifying and expanding into new forms and areas of life. The characteristics of contemporary capitalism that Castells summarizes in the 'end of salarization' thesis do not mark the disintegration of the capital-labour relation, but rather its renewal and fortification. Despite the potential presented by precariousness for a recalibration of the capital-labour relation, it exists today in the service of salarization rather than anything otherwise.

postgraduate student, Department of Information, Library and Archival Affairs, Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, Kharkiv, Ukraine
INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE: CONCEPT AND EVOLUTION IN MODERN SCIENTIFIC IDEA
The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the concept of "informational impact", its evolution in scientific idea, as well as methodological aspects of the development of information technology in the context of their connection with the phenomenon of the information impact.
The methodology. The work studies this issue by examining the basic methods and principles of information studies.
The results. The concept of "informational influence" can be represented as a form of influencing the consciousness of the individual, carried out using the media resource in order to change the formed assessments, opinions, beliefs, values ​​for further transformation of its behavioral response to events. Not enough attention is paid to the informational influence as a phenomenon in the works of the scientists, because it is considered as an integral part of other definitions, and not as a separate phenomenon. It is important to note that the concept of "informational impact" as a phenomenon is almost not considered in scientific works. Most often, informational influence was an integral part of other definitions, rather than a separate process. Thus, this problem has not been considered comprehensively, and it needs additional attention of the scientific community.
Informational influence, as well as the use of media resources in modern conditions are becoming an integral part of socio-political conflicts. The media and the phenomenon of informational influence itself is a tool for both the emergence and resolution of conflict situations. The conclusion about global informatization and formation of high-tech information infrastructure, and also about importance of consideration of information influence as one of tools of manipulative technologies is made.
The scientific novelty. The author's definition of the concept of "informational influence" is formulated, as well as its place as a tool of manipulative possibilities are analyzed, and also the questions of manipulative possibilities of mass media and communication are considered.
The practical significance lies in the analysis of scientific and theoretical views of this matter. The phenomenon of informational influence in the context of information warfare and manipulations is considered.

Our Earth is home to many different plants and animals. However, not everyone does their part to take care of Earth. Learn how you can help keep Earth clean and healthy for all its living things by reading through the pages of this enlightening e-book.

In this paper we present a framework to define transfer functions from a target distribution provided by the user. A target distribution can reflect the data importance, or highly relevant data value interval, or spatial segmentation. Our approach is based on a communication channel between a set of viewpoints and a set of bins of a volume data set, and it supports 1D as well as 2D transfer functions including the gradient information. The transfer functions are obtained by minimizing the informational divergence or Kullback-Leibler distance between the visibility distribution captured by the viewpoints and a target distribution selected by the user. The use of the derivative of the informational divergence allows for a fast optimization process. Different target distributions for 1D and 2D transfer functions are analyzed together with importance-driven and view-based techniques ; This work was supported in part by Grant Numbers TIN2010-21089-C03-01 from the Spanish Government and 2009-SGR-643 from the Catalan Government, by the VERDIKT program (# 193170) of the Norwegian Research Council, and by the strategic funding for the MedViz research network (# 911597 P11) obtained from Helse Vest

In this paper we present a framework to define transfer functions from a target distribution provided by the user. A target distribution can reflect the data importance, or highly relevant data value interval, or spatial segmentation. Our approach is based on a communication channel between a set of viewpoints and a set of bins of a volume data set, and it supports 1D as well as 2D transfer functions including the gradient information. The transfer functions are obtained by minimizing the informational divergence or Kullback-Leibler distance between the visibility distribution captured by the viewpoints and a target distribution selected by the user. The use of the derivative of the informational divergence allows for a fast optimization process. Different target distributions for 1D and 2D transfer functions are analyzed together with importance-driven and view-based techniques ; This work was supported in part by Grant Numbers TIN2010-21089-C03-01 from the Spanish Government and 2009-SGR-643 from the Catalan Government, by the VERDIKT program (# 193170) of the Norwegian Research Council, and by the strategic funding for the MedViz research network (# 911597 P11) obtained from Helse Vest

In this paper we present a framework to define transfer functions from a target distribution provided by the user. A target distribution can reflect the data importance, or highly relevant data value interval, or spatial segmentation. Our approach is based on a communication channel between a set of viewpoints and a set of bins of a volume data set, and it supports 1D as well as 2D transfer functions including the gradient information. The transfer functions are obtained by minimizing the informational divergence or Kullback-Leibler distance between the visibility distribution captured by the viewpoints and a target distribution selected by the user. The use of the derivative of the informational divergence allows for a fast optimization process. Different target distributions for 1D and 2D transfer functions are analyzed together with importance-driven and view-based techniques ; This work was supported in part by Grant Numbers TIN2010-21089-C03-01 from the Spanish Government and 2009-SGR-643 from the Catalan Government, by the VERDIKT program (# 193170) of the Norwegian Research Council, and by the strategic funding for the MedViz research network (# 911597 P11) obtained from Helse Vest

У статті здійснено аналіз вітчизняного досвіду організації неформальної громадянської освіти, що дозволить розширити форми й методи професійної підготовки майбутніх соціальних працівників.Молодіжну роботу розглядають як ефективний засіб неформальної громадянської освіти – навчання молоді тому, як жити за умов сучасної держави, як дотримуватися її законів, але водночас і не дозволяти владі порушувати їхні права, домагатися від неї здійснення їхніх правомірних потреб, як бути громадянином демократичного суспільства. ; The article analyzes the national experience of organizing informal civic education as a means of informal civic education, which will allow expanding the forms and methods of professional training of future social workers.Youth work is seen as an effective means of informal civic education – teaching young people how to live in the modern state, how to comply with its laws, but at the same time not to allow the authorities to violate their rights, to ensure that they exercise their legitimate needs as a citizen of a democratic society. The problems of civic education of youth are always in the focus of teachers, public figures and politicians. The concept of informal education is analyzed. The main results of the Youth Center "Start" activity are revealed. Youth work is aimed at providing opportunities for the development of young people, their independence and autonomy; for the organization of healthy and safe leisure and recreation of youth; the expansion of young people to change the situations that they believe should be changed in their immediate surroundings and in society; helping young people interact with authorities and politicians to create opportunities for young people to engage in non-formal education, which contributes to the development of their competences. The causes of fragmentary education in Ukraine are determined. The reasons why youth work is seen as an effective means of informal civic education are determined. The main areas of the centre's activity, experience of cooperation with other centres in Ukraine and beyond are considered. The experience of institutions of higher education in implementing effective means of informal civic education is also worth attention.