Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this project is to increase our knowledge about trade-offs between productivity and labour market participation across the OECD, and more specifically in the European Union. The inquiry is focused around the question whether there is a trade-off between labour participation and productivity and, if so, how big it is and how long does it last. In particular, through a series of panel regressions we isolate the structural or long-term relationships, as well as identify how long the "longterm" is. We also investigate the extent to which the trade-offs can be associated with particular types of workers (in terms of age or gender). Our main findings are, firstly, that the negative productivity response elasticity to a 1% rise in participation (measured as the employment rate) is less than 0.3 and peters out in less than 5 years. Secondly, increased participation is the key factor related to this productivity growth tradeoff. We find little effect of hours per worker on productivity. Thirdly, female participation has the strongest negative impact on productivity growth, but it is associated with specific age and/or cohort effects that are likely to diminish in the longer run. Finally, we investigate simple scenarios to look at the effect of increases in participation on productivity and per capita income, showing the large potential for income gains without much loss in productivity.

This is not a book that provides a new integrated theory of religious change in modern societies, but rather one that develops theoretical elements that contribute to the understanding of some contemporary religious developments. Most of the approaches in sociology of religion are prone to emphasise either processes of religious decline or of religious upswing. For example, secularization theory usually includes a couple of relevant factors -such as functional differentiation, economic affluence or social equality -in order to account for religious change. However, the result of such a theory's empirical analyses seems to be certain in advance, namely that the social relevance of religion is decreasing. In contrast, the religious market model devised by sociologists of religion in the US is inclined to detect everywhere processes of religious upsurge. Religion and Modernity: An International Comparison avoids a purely theoretically based perspective on religious changes. For this reason, Detlef Pollack and Gergely Rosta do not begin with theoretical propositions but with questions. The authors raise the question of how the social significance of religion in its various facets has changed in modern societies, and explain what factors and conditions have contributed to these changes. --

National systems of workplace justice contain bodies of principles that set out the obligations of employees, the behaviors that violate those obligations, and the penalties that employers may assess for those violations. These principles establish the standards for determining just cause for discipline and termination of employment. This study is an international comparison of the laws that establish these principles and their application in practice. It finds a broad commonality but some interesting differences.

Phase 1: A system of international comparisons of gross product and purchasing power / Kravis, Irving B. ; Kenessey, Zoltan ; Heston, Alan ; Summers, Robert. - 1975. - XI, 294 S., graph. Darst., Tab. - ISBN 0-8018-1669-6; Phase 2: International comparisons of real product and purchasing power / Kravis, Irving B. ; Heston, Alan ; Summers, Robert. - 1978. - IX, 264 S., Tab. - ISBN 0-8018-2020-0

Work on a project examining recent trends in UK labour productivity is being carried out at NIESR for HM Treasury. It has always been envisaged that one facet of this work should involve an attempt to learn from the experience of other industrial countries. Given the interest aroused a few years ago by the publication in the Review of D. T. Jones's article on comparative labour productivity, the updating of some of his work seemed to be an appropriate way both of adding an international dimension to the present project and also of providing continuity of interest with earlier NIESR work in the same general field.