Suchergebnisse

The virtues of Open Data are increasingly understood within the research domain, yet barriers remain for data producers to release data under an Open Data licence. Though restrictive licences exist, these are undesirable by some data providers wishing to adhere to many of the virtues of open data, but have concerns about onward sharing; seeking instead to establish a single, canonical data source. This desire stems from reasons including: data usage reporting requirements; maintaining data veracity; and that data may continue to develop (e.g. new additions or versions). These providers wish, however, to still follow other Open Data principles, especially in permitting as broad a range of uses as possible. To support such data providers' wishes the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis have drawn up two new generic, permissive-use 'closed' data licences based on the UK Open Government and UK Non-Commercial Government Licences. The Closed-Use General Licence (CUGL) and Closed-Use Non-Commercial General Licence (CUNCGL) permit widely permissive use as per open data licences, but address the onward-sharing concerns. Thus, they also signpost potential users to the canonical data source should they wish to exploit the data themselves. The licences can be found at: http://artefacts.ceda.ac.uk/licences/

The EUPL is an OSI-approved free or open source software licence, copyrighted by the European Union. It was drafted by the Commission as from 2005 and launched in January 2007 as a share alike (or copyleft) style licence. At the end of 2012, about 500 projects have been licensed under the EUPL by European institutions, Member States and the private sector. A new version 1.2 of the EUPL has been drafted in 2013 and the European Commission reported that it will be published before the end of the year 2013. What makes the EUPL unique is its multilingual working value, specific warranties, references to the Court of Justice of the European Union and its provisions related to licence compatibility, making its copyleft "variable" for facilitating interoperability.

In this paper I discuss some of the implications for state education that arise from what I argue is the ambiguous and flexible nature of the term 'social exclusion'. I briefly consider the conceptual relationship between social exclusion, poverty and deprivation. Using the metaphor of story, I explore the operation of the term in the New Labour project, with particular attention to some of its implications for education. In the final section of the paper I consider some issues arising from New Labour's social inclusion imperative in relation to educational policy and practice in a Scottish context. The potential of a state-sponsored discourse of exclusion to influence the conceptual backdrop to teachers' reflections is briefly explored. Such considerations would seem relevant to other contexts in which the educational state realigns social policy within the margins of a new political narrative.

Preface Britain is an open, democratic and increasingly digital society. Technological innovation and the growth in global communication networks have enabled commerce, trade and the transfer of knowledge. British citizens, companies and the government have embraced the benefits of these ever-expanding national and international networks. The availability of digital technology is having a profound effect on society. Computers guide our everyday activities and regulate our communications. Big data is reshaping the way we live, work and think. Digital information is helping us to identify social trends, tackle crime and prevent disease. More information and data is being shared: between citizens themselves; between citizens and government; consumers and companies; and exchanged by the public and private sectors. Often this information is shared across national borders. Protecting privacy and ensuring data security is necessary but is thus becoming more difficult as information volumes increase and are moved and stored around the world. The strain of technological evolution on society is particularly acute in the realms of crime, national security and public safety. Technological developments have enhanced the capacity of governments, companies and citizens to know more about individuals and to undertake surveillance, interception and data collection. The Internet has become the front line in contemporary debates about privacy and security. Privacy is an essential prerequisite to the exercise of individual freedom, and its erosion weakens the constitutional foundations on which democracy and good governance have traditionally been based in this country. Successive governments have faced a perpetual dilemma: democratic societies demand openness about what is being done in their name but key aspects of the way that police, security and intelligence agencies operate must remain secret in order for their work to be effective. These agencies are dependent on the public's consent, and in an open society there is ...