Suchergebnisse

Introduction : Maritime archaeology and the ancient economy / Andrew Wilson and Damian Robinson -- The shipwrecks of Heracleion-Thonis : a preliminary study / David Fabre -- Developments in Mediterranean shipping and maritime trade from the Hellenistic period to AD 1000 / Andrew Wilson -- Ancient sailing-routes and trade patterns : the impact of human factors / Pascal Arnaud -- Ceramic assemblages and ports / Candace Rice -- Constructing port hierarchies : harbours of the central Tyrrhenian coast / Katia Schörle -- Technology, innovation, and trade : research into the engineering characteristics of Roman maritime concrete / John Oleson, Christopher Brandon and Robert Hohlfelder -- Heracleion-Thonis and Alexandria, two ancient Egyptian emporia / Franck Goddio -- Lapis transmarinus : stone-carrying ships and the maritime distribution of stone in the Roman Empire / Ben Russell -- Dolia shipwrecks and the wine trade in the Roman Mediterranean / Karen Heslin -- Location, location, location : characterizing coastal and inland production and distribution of Roman African cooking wares / Victoria Leitch -- A reconstruction of the maritime trade patterns originating from western Asia Minor during late antiquity, on the basis of ceramic evidence / Theodore Papaioannou -- Maritime connectivity in late antique Lycia : a tale of two cities, Aperlae and Andriake / Robert Hohlfelder

Древняя Ликия представляет собой уникальный регион Малой Азии, активно развивавшийся в контексте весьма интенсивного культурно-политического диалога. Данное обстоятельство оказало существенное влияние на социально-политическое развитие Юго-Западной Анатолии, во многом обусловив специфику ликийского общества и государственности, для которых было характерно сочетание автохтонных и заимствованных элементов. Со времени персидского завоевания в Ликии устанавливается весьма специфическая политическая модель (династическая система). Наиболее влиятельными были два политических центра – Лимира и Ксанф, которые управлялись представителями местной знати – династами, чья власть носила родовой характер и передавалась по наследству. В образах ликийских династов присутствуют элементы, характерные как для персидской, так и для греческой традиции. ; Lycians were an important part of the Greek and the Near Eastern worlds, living at the point where two cultures intermingled. After the Persian conquest of Xanthos, Lycia underwent some remarkable changes. According to the archaeological, numismatic and epigraphic evidence, at the beginning of the fifth century there existed a political structure based on a number of leaders (dynasts). The Persian desire for a stable vassal state may have led them to supporting the central Xanthian monarchy. Greek political ideas also filtered into this area.

International audience ; The reliefs of the pillar tomb from Isinda belong to the earliest group of Lycian images known at the present time. The iconographic and stylistic choices reveal the values, the social and political views of the tomb owner. This Anatolian « nobleman » or « dynast » is deliberately open to Greek culture. The pillar tomb from Isinda, in the same way as the other pillar tombs with an iconographic programme known from central Lycia, is the result of the emulation among the members of the upper strata of Lycian society. Concurrently, it comes from their project of assertion in a new political background, the Persian empire, during the last quarter of the VIth century B.C. ; Le décor sculpté du pilier funéraire d'Isinda compte parmi les premières images produites en Lycie connues à ce jour. Les choix iconographiques et stylistiques sont l'expression des valeurs, des ambitions sociales et politiques du commanditaire. Ce dernier, potentat ou « dynaste » de culture anatolienne, s'ouvre à dessein à la culture grecque. Le pilier d'Isinda, à l'instar des autres piliers de Lycie méridionale centrale dotés d'un véritable programme iconographique, naît d'une émulation au sein des élites lyciennes, et d'une volonté d'affirmation dans un nouveau cadre politique, celui de l'empire perse, dans le dernier quart du VIe siècle av. J.-C.

International audience ; The reliefs of the pillar tomb from Isinda belong to the earliest group of Lycian images known at the present time. The iconographic and stylistic choices reveal the values, the social and political views of the tomb owner. This Anatolian « nobleman » or « dynast » is deliberately open to Greek culture. The pillar tomb from Isinda, in the same way as the other pillar tombs with an iconographic programme known from central Lycia, is the result of the emulation among the members of the upper strata of Lycian society. Concurrently, it comes from their project of assertion in a new political background, the Persian empire, during the last quarter of the VIth century B.C. ; Le décor sculpté du pilier funéraire d'Isinda compte parmi les premières images produites en Lycie connues à ce jour. Les choix iconographiques et stylistiques sont l'expression des valeurs, des ambitions sociales et politiques du commanditaire. Ce dernier, potentat ou « dynaste » de culture anatolienne, s'ouvre à dessein à la culture grecque. Le pilier d'Isinda, à l'instar des autres piliers de Lycie méridionale centrale dotés d'un véritable programme iconographique, naît d'une émulation au sein des élites lyciennes, et d'une volonté d'affirmation dans un nouveau cadre politique, celui de l'empire perse, dans le dernier quart du VIe siècle av. J.-C.

The study examines the friezes of the Heroon of Trysa in context of Lycian culture and society and interprets the selection of the picture themes. In a very exceptional way the friezes visualize Greek, Lycian and Persian subjects and contents which characterize the world of the Lycians and meet the requirements of the tomb owner. The second part includes images, supplements, tables, and lists of images.The first part of the 2-volume publication includes an introduction, the status of research, typological and iconographical analysis of the friezes, chapters on the style, the interpretation of the Heroon, and a catalogue, including description and technical information on the friezes, and bibliographical abbreviations.
http://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:874
The second part includes images, supplements, tables, lists of images
http://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:875 - In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Friese des Heroons von Trysa im Kontext der Kultur und Gesellschaft der Lykier untersucht und Fragen zu der Auswahl des Bildprogramms neu interpretiert, das mit griechischen, lykischen und auch persischen Themen und Inhalten die Lebenswelt der Lykier in so charakteristischer Weise visualisiert und den Wünschen und Vorstellungen des Grabherrn gerecht wird. Der zweite Band beinhaltet die Abbildungen, die Beilagen, Tabellen sowie die Abbildungsverzeichnisse.

The Roman Army in Pamphylia between the third and sixth centuries has never been a single topic for any research so far, though it was certainly referred in part by several works, as will be mentioned below. The scarcity of specific military researches in Asia Minor was recently emphasized by Bennett, who wrote on the Roman Army in Lycia and Pamphylia in imperial times. In the introduction to this paper, he rightly points out the lack of our knowledge on the Roman army relating to the eastern provinces, and this is due to the lack of a systematic research on this issue. This was also the case of Late Antiquity for Pamphylia. Materials related to military and administrative organization spread in various publications are collected in this paper which aims to see how the Roman Army acted in Pamphylia following the third century crisis, when Roman authority was challenged by economic, administrative and military instabilities until the reign of Anastasius (A.D. 491–518) , who was finally able to create the peace by rejuvenating the army and imperial stability. Pamphylia has been selected as the region of focus, not only because the traces of the later Roman army can widely be found and many of the late Roman military operations in Asia Minor occurred in and around Pamphylia; but also there is new evidence to be examined.

Il tema del battesimo e dei battisteri nei primi sette secoli dell'era cristiana è fra quelli maggiormente trattati nella letteratura, benché da due prospettive fra loro indipendenti e separate: da un lato l'aspetto storico-liturgico e teologico, dall'altro quello storico-artistico e archeologico. L'obiettivo che la nostra ricerca si è proposta è quello di un'integrazione delle due prospettive, aggiungendone una terza, per così dire "sociale". Quest'ultima definizione comprende l'insieme di quei comportamenti pratici e attitudini mentali ingenerati nella società dalla stessa esistenza del rito battesimale. Il periodo entro cui si muove l'indagine comprende i secoli dal IV al VII, un arco cronologico in cui il quadro normativo ed istituzionale della Chiesa è ancora in evoluzione. La campionatura delle aree in esame comprende contesti prevalentemente orientali ma anche occidentali, in modo da comporre un panorama di confronto il più possibile ampio e rappresentativo. Le aree indagate sono le seguenti: i cinque seggi patriarcali (Roma, Costantinopoli, Alessandria, Antiochia, Gerusalemme) e alcune province mediterranee: Siria occidentale, Cipro, Caria, Panfilia, Lycia, Creta, Dodecaneso (isole maggiori), Palestina, Egitto settentrionale, Macedonia, Tracia, Liguria, Flaminia e Sicilia in Italia, Africa Proconsularis. Il dato archeologico-topografico, dato dalla schedatura di 436 battisteri, è stato quindi messo in relazione con l'evoluzione della liturgia e del contesto storico-sociale nelle diverse aree. Il battesimo, con l'immaginario e le pratiche ad esso collegati e da esso derivati, si è rivelato un elemento fondamentale nella trasformazione strutturale della società che avviene in epoca tardoantica, partecipando, insieme ad altri fattori, al processo di lento cambiamento dei presupposti del vivere sociale: il Cristianesimo diventò progressivamente un elemento di uniformazione dell'identità collettiva, che coinvolgeva sulla base dei medesimi ideali ceti sociali differenti. Un processo di 'democratizzazione' sociale, non privo di contraddizioni, di cui il primo atto fu costituito dalla generalizzazione del rito del battesimo. ; Baptism and baptisteries during the first centuries of Christian era have been largely treated in scientific literature, mainly from two different and autonomous perspectives: on the one hand, history of liturgy and theology, on the other hand, history of art and archaeology. Our aim is to combine these two approaches, by adding a third one, that of social history. This perspective deals with practical behaviours and mental attitudes that are generated within the society by the very existence of the baptismal ritual. The chronological frame which is considered goes from the 4th to the 7th c., a period in which the normative and institutional structure of the Church(es) is still developing. The sampling of the geographical areas under analysis considers mainly the Eastern Mediterranean, but also some of the Western regions, in order to be as much wider and representative as possible. The analysis includes the five patriarchal sieges (Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem) and several provinces: western Syria, Cyprus, Caria, Pamphylia, Lycia, Crete, Dodecanese (main islands), Palestine, northern Egypt, Macedonia, Thrace, Liguria, Flaminia and Sicily in Italy, Africa Proconsularis. The archaeological and topographical data, derived from the record of 436 baptisteries, have been related to the evolution of liturgy as well as to historical and social contexts in the various areas. Baptism, together with the thoughts and practices that are connected to it, and derived from it, has turn out to be fundamental in the transformation of social structures that takes place in Late Antiquity. It contributed, amongst other factors, to the process of slow change of the social schemes: Christianity gradually became a source of uniformity for collective identity, by bringing together different social strata on the base of the same ideals. This process of social "democratisation", not without contradictions, began with the general spread of baptism.

Front Matter --Copyright Page --Acknowledgements --Abbreviations --Notes on Contributors --Introduction /Luuk de Ligt and John Bintliff --A World of 200 Oppida: Pre-Roman Urbanism in Temperate Europe /Manuel Fernández-Götz --The Size Distribution of Self-governing Cities in the North-Western Provinces: Trends and Anomalies /Frida Pellegrino --The Roman 'Small Towns' in the Massif Central (civitates of the Arverni, Vellavii, Gabali, Ruteni, Cadurci and Lemovices): Methodology and Main Results /Florian Baret --Towns, Roads and Development Dynamics in the Territory of the Arverni in Roman Times (Auvergne, France) /Frédéric Trément, Florian Baret, Marion Dacko, Jérôme Trescarte, Maxime Calbris, Lise Augustin and Guy Massounie --Urbanisation of the Iberian Peninsula during the Roman Period: Choices, Impositions and 'Resignation' of the Newcomers /Oliva Rodríguez Gutiérrez --The Urban Landscape of Roman Central Adriatic Italy /Frank Vermeulen --The Impact of Roman Rule on the Urban System of Sicily /Luuk de Ligt --Roman Towns and the Settlement Hierarchy of Ancient North Africa: A Bird's-Eye View /Matthew Hobson --A Diachronic and Regional Approach to North African Urbanism /David Stone --Micro-regional Urbanism: An Ancient Urban Landscape in Roman North Africa /Paul Scheding --Urbanisation and Population Density: The Case of the 'Small Municipia' in the Balkan and Danube Provinces /Damjan Donev --Between the River and the Fort: Applying Critical Regionalism to Roman Towns in the Pannonian Basin /Dragana Mladenović --Urban Networks in Early Roman Macedonia and Aegean Thrace /Michalis Karambinis --Regional Perspectives on Urbanism and Settlement Patterns in Roman Asia Minor /Rinse Willet --From Mountain to Coastal Plain: Settings of Settlements and Stages of Urbanisation in Ancient Lycia /Frank Kolb --Back Matter --Index.

"Ancient Armenian Geography" (or "Ashkharatsuits", literally — "World Map") calls Phrygia the fifth among all the countries of Universal Asia, which is located between Lycia and Paphlagonia. Partly based on "The Geography" by Ptolemy, "Ancient Armenian Geography" complements the Greek author with its information. Outlining the borders of Phrygia, "Ashkharatsuits" shows the territorial limits that this state reached in the first half of the I millennium BC (especially in the 8th–6th centuries). These centuries can be characterized as the "golden era" of Phrygia since almost all of western Asia Minor was part of this kingdom, and Phrygia reached its apogee during this period. The authors of the Armenian source do not mention any historical person and speak exclusively about geography (administrative territorial divisions, urban map orography, hydrography, plains, etc.). All the data of the Armenian text have been scrupulously examined and compared/collated with the information of Ptolemy, as well as with the information ranging from the Bible and Strabo's "Geography" to the works of the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus. Only a hermeneutic approach to the issue will make it possible to remove all the "brackets" since if the main text of "Ashkharatsuits" was written in the 5th century by Khorenatsi, then from a geographical perspective the source was supplemented in the 7th century by Shirakatsi. Information about the administrative division of Onoratia is also important, as well as its historical and geographical description — all this sheds light on the problem of studying both Onoratia and Phrygia. "Ashkharatsuits" traces the evolution undergone by Phrygia during its history.

The aim of this study is to analyse the images, the representations and idiom of those in power in Cappadocia at the time of the iron age. We hope to demonstrate that the ideology, practices and propaganda of these rulers can be examined and fully understood in a context characterized by both strong permanences from the hittite imperial past and important changes. The study is divided into six parts. The first one deals with the external sources (biblical, Urartian and Assyrian) and reviews the situation in terms of historical geography and geopolitics. The second presents the internal epigraphic and iconographic sources while proposing several new datations. The third section is devoted to a panorama, which we hope to be complete, of the society, the urbanization, the religion and the various rulers of our area. The fourth shows that the images (political and religious iconography) and the phraseology (topical, « royal» anthroponymy, annalistic formulas) used by those in power revolve around three elements : mountain and rock, vine and cereals, fair justice and « good government ». After a fifth part that centers on an examination over a long period of the iconography, the open air rock sanctuaries and the archeology of the cappadocian landscapes, the last section contextualizes our research in different koiné, seen as a meeting point between east and west, producing and absorbing various elements (commercial products, symbols, politcal titles and anthroponyms) and spreading them over the East (Assyria and the neo-hittite, Aramaic, Urartians and Phoenicians) and the West (Phrygia, Lycia, and the Greek and Lydian worlds). ; Ce travail se propose d'analyser les images et les langages des pouvoirs en Cappadoce à l'âge du fer. Il vise à démontrer que l'idéologie, les pratiques et les propagandes des pouvoirs peuvent s'analyser et se comprendre entre de fortes permanences par rapport au passé hittite impérial d'une part, et d'autre part d'importantes mutations. L'étude procède selon six parties. La première étudie ...

The aim of this study is to analyse the images, the representations and idiom of those in power in Cappadocia at the time of the iron age. We hope to demonstrate that the ideology, practices and propaganda of these rulers can be examined and fully understood in a context characterized by both strong permanences from the hittite imperial past and important changes. The study is divided into six parts. The first one deals with the external sources (biblical, Urartian and Assyrian) and reviews the situation in terms of historical geography and geopolitics. The second presents the internal epigraphic and iconographic sources while proposing several new datations. The third section is devoted to a panorama, which we hope to be complete, of the society, the urbanization, the religion and the various rulers of our area. The fourth shows that the images (political and religious iconography) and the phraseology (topical, « royal» anthroponymy, annalistic formulas) used by those in power revolve around three elements : mountain and rock, vine and cereals, fair justice and « good government ». After a fifth part that centers on an examination over a long period of the iconography, the open air rock sanctuaries and the archeology of the cappadocian landscapes, the last section contextualizes our research in different koiné, seen as a meeting point between east and west, producing and absorbing various elements (commercial products, symbols, politcal titles and anthroponyms) and spreading them over the East (Assyria and the neo-hittite, Aramaic, Urartians and Phoenicians) and the West (Phrygia, Lycia, and the Greek and Lydian worlds). ; Ce travail se propose d'analyser les images et les langages des pouvoirs en Cappadoce à l'âge du fer. Il vise à démontrer que l'idéologie, les pratiques et les propagandes des pouvoirs peuvent s'analyser et se comprendre entre de fortes permanences par rapport au passé hittite impérial d'une part, et d'autre part d'importantes mutations. L'étude procède selon six parties. La première étudie ...

The aim of this study is to analyse the images, the representations and idiom of those in power in Cappadocia at the time of the iron age. We hope to demonstrate that the ideology, practices and propaganda of these rulers can be examined and fully understood in a context characterized by both strong permanences from the hittite imperial past and important changes. The study is divided into six parts. The first one deals with the external sources (biblical, Urartian and Assyrian) and reviews the situation in terms of historical geography and geopolitics. The second presents the internal epigraphic and iconographic sources while proposing several new datations. The third section is devoted to a panorama, which we hope to be complete, of the society, the urbanization, the religion and the various rulers of our area. The fourth shows that the images (political and religious iconography) and the phraseology (topical, « royal» anthroponymy, annalistic formulas) used by those in power revolve around three elements : mountain and rock, vine and cereals, fair justice and « good government ». After a fifth part that centers on an examination over a long period of the iconography, the open air rock sanctuaries and the archeology of the cappadocian landscapes, the last section contextualizes our research in different koiné, seen as a meeting point between east and west, producing and absorbing various elements (commercial products, symbols, politcal titles and anthroponyms) and spreading them over the East (Assyria and the neo-hittite, Aramaic, Urartians and Phoenicians) and the West (Phrygia, Lycia, and the Greek and Lydian worlds). ; Ce travail se propose d'analyser les images et les langages des pouvoirs en Cappadoce à l'âge du fer. Il vise à démontrer que l'idéologie, les pratiques et les propagandes des pouvoirs peuvent s'analyser et se comprendre entre de fortes permanences par rapport au passé hittite impérial d'une part, et d'autre part d'importantes mutations. L'étude procède selon six parties. La première étudie ...

The aim of this study is to analyse the images, the representations and idiom of those in power in Cappadocia at the time of the iron age. We hope to demonstrate that the ideology, practices and propaganda of these rulers can be examined and fully understood in a context characterized by both strong permanences from the hittite imperial past and important changes. The study is divided into six parts. The first one deals with the external sources (biblical, Urartian and Assyrian) and reviews the situation in terms of historical geography and geopolitics. The second presents the internal epigraphic and iconographic sources while proposing several new datations. The third section is devoted to a panorama, which we hope to be complete, of the society, the urbanization, the religion and the various rulers of our area. The fourth shows that the images (political and religious iconography) and the phraseology (topical, « royal» anthroponymy, annalistic formulas) used by those in power revolve around three elements : mountain and rock, vine and cereals, fair justice and « good government ». After a fifth part that centers on an examination over a long period of the iconography, the open air rock sanctuaries and the archeology of the cappadocian landscapes, the last section contextualizes our research in different koiné, seen as a meeting point between east and west, producing and absorbing various elements (commercial products, symbols, politcal titles and anthroponyms) and spreading them over the East (Assyria and the neo-hittite, Aramaic, Urartians and Phoenicians) and the West (Phrygia, Lycia, and the Greek and Lydian worlds). ; Ce travail se propose d'analyser les images et les langages des pouvoirs en Cappadoce à l'âge du fer. Il vise à démontrer que l'idéologie, les pratiques et les propagandes des pouvoirs peuvent s'analyser et se comprendre entre de fortes permanences par rapport au passé hittite impérial d'une part, et d'autre part d'importantes mutations. L'étude procède selon six parties. La première étudie ...

The aim of this study is to analyse the images, the representations and idiom of those in power in Cappadocia at the time of the iron age. We hope to demonstrate that the ideology, practices and propaganda of these rulers can be examined and fully understood in a context characterized by both strong permanences from the hittite imperial past and important changes. The study is divided into six parts. The first one deals with the external sources (biblical, Urartian and Assyrian) and reviews the situation in terms of historical geography and geopolitics. The second presents the internal epigraphic and iconographic sources while proposing several new datations. The third section is devoted to a panorama, which we hope to be complete, of the society, the urbanization, the religion and the various rulers of our area. The fourth shows that the images (political and religious iconography) and the phraseology (topical, « royal» anthroponymy, annalistic formulas) used by those in power revolve around three elements : mountain and rock, vine and cereals, fair justice and « good government ». After a fifth part that centers on an examination over a long period of the iconography, the open air rock sanctuaries and the archeology of the cappadocian landscapes, the last section contextualizes our research in different koiné, seen as a meeting point between east and west, producing and absorbing various elements (commercial products, symbols, politcal titles and anthroponyms) and spreading them over the East (Assyria and the neo-hittite, Aramaic, Urartians and Phoenicians) and the West (Phrygia, Lycia, and the Greek and Lydian worlds). ; Ce travail se propose d'analyser les images et les langages des pouvoirs en Cappadoce à l'âge du fer. Il vise à démontrer que l'idéologie, les pratiques et les propagandes des pouvoirs peuvent s'analyser et se comprendre entre de fortes permanences par rapport au passé hittite impérial d'une part, et d'autre part d'importantes mutations. L'étude procède selon six parties. La première étudie ...

The aim of this study is to analyse the images, the representations and idiom of those in power in Cappadocia at the time of the iron age. We hope to demonstrate that the ideology, practices and propaganda of these rulers can be examined and fully understood in a context characterized by both strong permanences from the hittite imperial past and important changes. The study is divided into six parts. The first one deals with the external sources (biblical, Urartian and Assyrian) and reviews the situation in terms of historical geography and geopolitics. The second presents the internal epigraphic and iconographic sources while proposing several new datations. The third section is devoted to a panorama, which we hope to be complete, of the society, the urbanization, the religion and the various rulers of our area. The fourth shows that the images (political and religious iconography) and the phraseology (topical, « royal» anthroponymy, annalistic formulas) used by those in power revolve around three elements : mountain and rock, vine and cereals, fair justice and « good government ». After a fifth part that centers on an examination over a long period of the iconography, the open air rock sanctuaries and the archeology of the cappadocian landscapes, the last section contextualizes our research in different koiné, seen as a meeting point between east and west, producing and absorbing various elements (commercial products, symbols, politcal titles and anthroponyms) and spreading them over the East (Assyria and the neo-hittite, Aramaic, Urartians and Phoenicians) and the West (Phrygia, Lycia, and the Greek and Lydian worlds). ; Ce travail se propose d'analyser les images et les langages des pouvoirs en Cappadoce à l'âge du fer. Il vise à démontrer que l'idéologie, les pratiques et les propagandes des pouvoirs peuvent s'analyser et se comprendre entre de fortes permanences par rapport au passé hittite impérial d'une part, et d'autre part d'importantes mutations. L'étude procède selon six parties. La première étudie ...