Suchergebnisse

The formation of the historical city texture of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, began during the Lusignan Period. St. Sophia Cathedral and St. Catherine Church, which have an important place in the formation of the texture, are two of the few works of art still surviving today. Being a period of destruction for the city, in general, The Venetian Period provided the city walls to Nicosia which still surround the historical texture. The Ottoman Period brought a change to the historical city texture and Islamic culture and Turkish Architectural construction style replaced the Christian cultures. A number of architectural works from this period, still existing within the walled city of Nicosia, provided a great contribution to the formation and development of the present day texture, as well as for its sustainability. The British Period is one which brought novelty to the city texture of Nicosia. With demolition of historical works and changes in the street and square dimensions, British Colonial Architecture displays the traces of the recent past. The administrative buildings constructed in place of the demolished Lusignan Palace, still serve at present. With the beginning of the Period of the Republic in 1960, Nicosia underwent a fast process of development as an important capital in the Middle East. The traditional visuality in the city texture left its place to contemporary constructions and formations. The inter-communal conflicts, which started in 1964 on the other hand, negatively affected the formation and development of the city texture, and there was a period of stagnation until the 70s. The new developments observed since the 70s and the insufficiency of precautions to protect historical texture, caused a deterioration the city texture. With the position of an open-air museum, Nicosia with its history of over twenty-five centuries has a very rich historical city texture with the legacies of various cultures which reigned over Cyprus and is sustainable in the present, and is therefore an important cultural and touristic center Keywords: Cyprus, Nicosia, Historical City Texture, Walled City, Sustainability.

Public open spaces are the common places for everybody which give opportunities like gathering, resting, meeting, enjoyment etc. There are various types of public open spaces such as streets, squares, parks, waterfronts and moat. Moats are the components of walled cities. Historic places express cultural past of the cities. The walled city of Nicosia was constructed in the Venetian Period (1489-1571) for defensive purposes and it has a moat around it. Nowadays, the moat of the walled city is an important strength of the walled city. It could be used efficiently by local people and visitors if a proper design proposal is adapted it. As it is observed, the moat of walled city of Nicosia today is in poor condition in terms physical, functional, and social qualities. However, it has a potential to be used more efficiently, if it is well designed and improved. The aim of this research is to analyze the moat of the walled city of Nicosia, in order to determine its potentials. Then, according to the findings, some recommendations will be given in order to increase its uses and attractiveness. This research is limited with the analysis of the whole moat, however, the recommendations will be given only for the northern Nicosia. Furthermore, some clues will be given about the uses of the whole moat in case of possible solution of the political situation. This study will be organized in four chapters. The first, introduction is given. The second, theoretical information is given about public open spaces, moat and walled cities. The third chapter, the analysis of the moat around the walled city and its evaluations are put forward. Finally conclusion and recommendations are given. The results from the physical, functional and social analyses show that moat of the walled city of Nicosia has some weaknesses that decrease it's attractivenes. Such as; inappropriate and inadequate sitting opportunities, lack of greenery, lack of maintenance, and lack of social activities. ; ÖZ: Kamusal alanlar toplumun dinlenmek, toplanmak ve eğlenmek amacıyla ortak kullandığı alanlardır. Kamusal alanların başlıcaları; sokaklar, meydanlar, parklar, su kenarları olabileceği gibi, hendekler de kamusal alan olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Hendekler, surlu şehirlerin bir parçasıdırlar ve tarihi surlar kültürel tarihi yansıtmaları nedeniyle büyük önem taşırlar. Mevcut Lefkoşa surları Venedik döneminde (1489-1571) savunma amaçlı olarak inşa edilmiş ve etrafı hendekle çevrilidir. Lefkoşa Surları etrafında bulunan hendeğe, uygun tasarımın uygulanması halinde, yerli halk ve ziyaretçiler tarafından daha etkin kullanılabilmesi sağlanabilecektir. Bununla birlikte, fiziksel, fonksiyonel ve sosyal açıdan başarılı bir önerinin uygulanması ile de, daha aktif kullanılabilme potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Lefkoşa Suriçi hendeğinin potansiyellerin belirlenmesi amacıyla analizinin yapılması hedeflenmektedir. Analiz sonrası tespit edilen bulgular ışığında, surların etrafının kullanımının sürdürülebilmesi için öneriler sunulacaktır. Bu araştırma sadece Lefkoşa surlarının ve hendeğinin araştırılmasıyla sınırlanmaktadır. Araştırma sonrası elde edilen bulgular ışığında, kuzey Lefkoşada kalan kısmın iyileştirilmesi ile ilgili öneriler verilecektir ve olası bir çözüm durumunda tümünün nasıl kullanılacağına dair öngörüler yapılacaktır. Bu çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır, ilk bölümde giriş, ikinci bölüm kamusal alanlar, hendekler ve surlu şehirlerle ilgili teorik bilgiler yer alacaktır. Sonrasındaki üçüncü bölümde ise, Lefkoşa Suriçi hendeğinin analizi ve değerlendirmesi yerini alacaktır. Sonuç kısmında ise elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, öneriler verilecektir. Fiziksel, fonksiyonel ve sosyal analizler sonucunda, Lefkoşa surları etrafında, kamusal alan olarak kullanılan hendek alanlarının çekiciliğni azaltan bazı zayıf durumların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan bazıları, uygunsuz ve yetersiz oturma elemanları, yetrsiz peyzaj, bakımsızlık ve sosyal aktivitelerin azlığıdır. ; Master of Science in Urban Design. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, 2016. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mukaddes Faslı.

approach in recent years. One of these cities which is the last divided capital city and one of the most important cultural heritages of the Mediterranean region in the island of Cyprus is the Nicosia Walled City. Within this study, the existing situation of pedestrianized areas in the Walled City in north Nicosia were examined. In literature review part, the importance of pedestrianization, reasons and benefits of pedestrianization, examples of pedestrianized areas/streets around the world are reviewed. The pedestrianized streets/areas in the north Nicosia Walled City were examined on-site, photographed, their current status was revealed and evaluated according to determined criteria. Each street/area was evaluated in terms of functions in the street, mobility, accessibility by car or public transportation, social/community activities, economic development and quality of physical environment. When the old city of Nicosia is analyzed in the context of these criteria, it has been observed that the pedestrianized areas have an increasing social, cultural and economical contribution to the city. In addition to its historical features, the places and activities that attract the people especially young population and tourists, bring life to this region. In terms of environmental aspects, visual incompatibilities were observed even in the streets where pedestrianization studies have been carried out recently. There are also problems about vehicle and pedestrian traffic that affect users. The study was completed by making suggestions at the end of the study. Keywords: pedestrianized streets, pedestrianized squares, Nicosia Walled City, Cyprus

AbstractCyprus is a typical eastern Mediterranean country that suffers from local emissions, transported anthropogenic pollution, and dust storms all year round. Therefore, exposures to PM in ambient and residential micro-environments are of great public health concern. Our study collected indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 samples simultaneously in 22 houses in Nicosia, Cyprus, during warm seasons and cold seasons from February 2019 to May 2021. Samples were analyzed for mass and constituents' concentrations. To determine indoor and outdoor sources of PM in residential environments, we used the EPA positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to conduct source apportionment analyses for both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 particles. Generally, six types of residential-level PM sources were resolved: biomass burning, traffic, local or regional secondary sulfate pollution, Ca-rich particles, sea salt, and soil dust. In the source apportionment of PM2.5, the main contribution to outdoor levels (33.1%) was associated with sulfate-rich transported pollution. The predominant contribution to indoor levels (48.0%) was attributed to secondary sulfate pollution as a mixture of local- and regional-scale pollutants. Biomass burning and traffic sources constituted the main outdoor sources of indoor PM2.5, while the Ca-rich particles were identified to almost originate from indoors. By contrast, the largest fraction (29.3%) of the ambient PM10 and a smaller proportion (10.2%) of indoor PM10 were attributed to Ca-rich particles. Indoor PM10 was associated mainly with outdoor sources, except for the soil dust which originated from indoor activities.

This article presents a study that aims to analyze abandoned cities and explore the rewilding efforts in the Nicosia Buffer Zone. The research methodology involves examining the causes of abandonment, the potential benefits of reorienting the Buffer Zone through rewilding, and the importance of community involvement in the process. By transforming the abandoned space into a green corridor, the study seeks to promote peace, reconciliation, and sustainable development. The analysis draws attention to the significance of preserving cultural heritage, promoting biodiversity, and improving the quality of life in surrounding areas. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive planning and implementation, considering both ecological and social factors. This research contributes to the field of urban design by examining the reviving of lost spaces through rewilding and providing insights for future research in the area of abandoned places and urban development.

Victoria Street is the most important arterial street of Arabahmet Neighborhood, an important part of the walled city of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, which houses the historical city texture. A cultural mosaic embodied in its architectural heritage, the formation of the street texture dates back to the Byzantine period of Cyprus. Beginning in the Lusignan period with the Armenian Church still standing today, the historical street texture did not show any development during the Venetian period. The formation of texture of Victoria Street continued in the Ottoman period, and a symbol of the street and the city, ArabahmetPaşa Mosque and XIX. Century Traditional Turkish Houses have taken place in its texture. The historical street texture saw its most important formation and development process during the British period. Besides many buildings with shops on the ground floor and houses on the upper floors built during this period, concrete buildings of shops and houses, three-floor apartments built towards the end of this period contributed to the shaping of the street. The Catholic Church within the present day historical texture of the street was also built during the British period, and forms the border of the street at its south end. During the Republic of Cyprus period, which began in 1960, concrete shops and houses were built in place of buildings tumbling down, and the development of the street texture continued. However, because of the political strife between the communities in Cyprus, the demographical profile of the street changed and this historical texture was neglected. Later, some of the Traditional Turkish House style buildings were renovated withfunding from the United Nations and became functional.The aim of this study is to analyze the formation and development of Victoria Street, which is an important cultural heritage within the historical texture of the walled city of Nicosia, through various historical periods, and to establish the physical and social status and its important place in the city beginning with the first construction of the street texture to the present. Information was gathered from written and visual resources for the study using a qualitative research method. The street texture was examined with a field study and photographed.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction to the Transaction Edition -- Preface -- 1. Imperial and Weimar Precedents -- 2. Early National Socialist Attitudes toward Zionism -- The Anti-Semitic Background -- Alfred Rosenberg, Zionism and the Conspiracy Theory -- The Emergence of Hitler's Attitude toward Zionism -- 3. The Development of the Haavara Transfer Agreement -- The Economic Background -- The Impact of the Anti-German Boycott -- Consul-General Wolff and the Role of Palestine -- The German Government and the Haavara Transfer Agreement of 1933 -- 4. The Zionist Connection, 1933-1937 -- The Position of the German Foreign Office -- The Role of the SS -- The Umschulungslager -- Abteilung 11/112 and Palestine -- Other Interested Agencies -- 5. The Role of England in Hitler's Foreign Policy Plans -- Theories on Hitler's Englandpolitik -- The Formulation ol Hitler's Englandpolitik to 1933 -- The Quest for Alliance, 1933-1937 -- The Tactical Change: Without England, 1935-1937 -- The Racial Factor -- 6. The Rejection of an Arab Connection, 1933-1937 -- The Arab Response in Palestine to the Hitler Regime -- The Rejection of Arab Overtures to 1936 -- The NSDAP and the PaHistinadeutsche -- The Arab Revolt of 1936 -- 7. The Peel Partition Plan and the Question of a Jewish State -- The Peel Commission Report of July, 1937 -- The German Foreign Office and the Question of a Jewish State -- The Rejection of Diplomatic Initiatives against the Partition Plan -- Emigration Policy and the Haavara Debate -- Hitler's Intervention and the Continuation of Jewish Emigration to Palestine -- 8. Continuation of the Zionist Option -- War Plans and Racial Policy -- The Economic Ausschaltung -- The SS and the Centralization of Emigration Policy -- The Limits of the Legal Immigration System

Historical urban textures are the whole of the open and closed public spaces with the buildings and transportation axis, shaped by the cultural heritages of cities. One of the most important elements in historical urban textures, bringing dwellers with nature, and giving life to the city, are landscape spaces. The capital of Cyprus, Nicosia, also has a very rich historical texture. Within this context, the aim of this study is to examine the landscape of the historical urban texture of Nicosia from the past to the present, within the whole of various cultural periods including the present day status. Therefore, the development of Nicosia through the historical process is given right after the introduction. After the introduction, landscape of walled city of Nicosia was examined through the historical periods: Lusignan Period, Venetian Period, Ottoman Period, British Period, Republic of Cyprus Period, and the present day period, TRNC Period.

Since prehistoric eras, people have expressed their emotions and ideas on the walls. With the invention of writing and fast development of technology, murals also have evolved and gained new dimensions. Graffiti, which is a type of mural, has its place among street arts with its oldest historical background. It is scribbled, scratched or painted on the city walls; hence, they become a protest communication tool with implicit messages. This study discusses the graffiti in the streets of Nicosia regarding the protection of fundamental universal rights and freedoms of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and intersexual (LGBTI) individuals and communities that conduct activities towards the raising awareness about such matters. The LGBTI-themed graffiti, which are analyzed in the current research, have been collected from the North Nicosia streets during the last five years. The semiotic analysis of all the LGBTI-themed graffiti indicates that these graffiti provide the marginalized communities and individuals with a tool to express their suppressed feelings, to protest the negative reaction toward them, and also to redefine their presence in the society and occupy the urban area. This study offers the first analysis and investigation into the LGBTI-themed graffiti in the North Nicosia.

This article presents the findings of a comparative study about citizen attitudes towards e-government services, which was conducted in the Northern and Southern Nicosia Municipalities in Cyprus. The study is important and valuable first due to the fact that Cyprus is a small island, a topic which received limited attention in e-government research. Second, Nicosia remains the world's last divided capital city, and e-government comparisons in divided capital cities are even rarer. The results show that both municipalities were rated poorly in terms of efficiency, transparency, and vision. The models also indicate that the development of e-government practices affect e-voting, perceived e-government benefits and organizational agility positively in both cases. Nepotism was found to negatively affect the development of e-government practices in the North, whereas human rights and social media have a positive effect. E-government practices affected the dissemination of democratic behaviour, and attitudes towards innovation and mobile government positively in Southern Nicosia.