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"In In Love and War, readers are eyewitness to the courtship of Naoko Tsukiyama and Yoshiharu Ogata, two young Nisei (second-generation Japanese) whose courtship is riddled with challenges: they live on different islands, he on Oahu and she is in Hilo (the Big Island), the bombing of Pearl Harbor, martial law established during the war on the Islands, and the possibility of Yoshi being drafted into the military. The letters begin in July 1941 and end in June 1943. This correspondence presents a glimpse of life under martial law and addresses patriotism from a segment of the population considered possible saboteurs and spies. In compiling, transcribing, and editing these letters, Miyamoto fleshes out what it meant to live and work on the islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i during the war years"--Provided by publisher

As part of an on-going effort at West Oahu College (a small, liberal arts, upper-division campus of the University of Hawaii) I am experimenting with ways to help my political science students improve their ability to think critically and communicate clearly. For some time we have been aware of a large number of students having difficulties in writing and critical thinking. We have made an informal and voluntary commitment to use writing-across-thecurriculum (WAC) with faculty participating in workshops and conferring with the writing instructor who coordinates our WAC program.1In-coming students must now produce a writing proficiency sample which is analyzed, returned with numerous comments, and results in students being urged to take a writing class if there are serious problems. A writing lab is offered several times a week and students are free to drop in for help.

Shaping digital inclusion policy and practice to meet community-defined goals requires more than access to digital devices and connectivity; it must also enable their effective design and use in situated local settings. For the Nation of Hawai'i, a Kānaka Maoli (Hawai'ian) sovereignty organization with a land base in Pu'uhonua o Waimānalo on the island of Oahu, these activities are closely associated with broader goals of Nation-building and sovereignty. Recognizing there are many different approaches to sovereignty among diverse Kānaka Maoli, in this paper we document how the Nation of Hawai'i is conceptualizing the ongoing evolution of their community networking project. We suggest that the Pu'uhonua o Waimānalo initiative reflects one Indigenous organization's efforts to frame community networks as a means to generate a "sovereignty mindset" among members of the Nation, as well as share resources and experience among local community members and with other communities in Hawai'i and beyond.

PASCC Report Number: 2017-001 ; The ninth annual session of the U.S.-China Strategic Dialogue was held in Oahu, Hawaii, from September 8-10, 2015. The dialogue is a Track 1.5 meeting; it is formally unofficial but includes a mix of government and academic participants. The dialogue is organized by the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and Pacific Forum CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies) and funded by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency's (DTRA) Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) at NPS. For the fourth time, this meeting was also supported by a Chinese co-host, the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association (CACDA). This "non-governmental" association, with close ties to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and People's Liberation Army (PLA), helped improve the level and quality of participants and secure support for discussing certain topics. ; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

16 páginas, 3 tablas, 5 figuras. ; The capacity to produce carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSC), such as phenolics (including tannins) and terpenes as defensive compounds against herbivores or against neighboring competing plants can be involved in the competition between alien and native plant species. Since the Hawaiian Islands are especially vulnerable to invasions by alien species, we compared total phenolic (TP), total tannin (Tta), and total terpene (TT) leaf contents of alien and native plants on Oahu Island (Hawaii). We analyzed 35 native and 38 alien woody plant species randomly chosen among representative current Hawaiian flora. None of these CBSC exhibited phylogenetic fingerprinting. Alien species had similar leaf TP and leaf Tta contents, and 135% higher leaf TT contents compared with native species. Alien plants had 80% higher leaf TT:N leaf content ratio than native plants. The results suggest that apart from greater growth rate and greater nutrient use, alien success in Oahu also may be linked to greater contents of low cost chemical defenses, such as terpenes, as expected in faster-growing species in resource rich regions. The higher TT contents in aliens may counterbalance their lower investment in leaf structural defenses and their higher leaf nutritional quality. The higher TT provides higher effectiveness in deterring the generalist herbivores of the introduced range, where specialist herbivores are absent. In addition, higher TT contents may favor aliens conferring higher protection against abiotic and biotic stressors. The higher terpene accumulation was independent of the alien species origin, which indicates that being alien either selects for higher terpene contents post-invasion, or that species with high terpene contents are pre-adapted to invasiveness. Although less likely, an originally lower terpene accumulation in Hawaiian than in continental plants that avoids the increased attraction of specialist enemies associated to terpenes may not be discarded. ; This research was supported by the University of Hawaii (G. P. Wilder research funds), and grants from the Spanish Government (CGL2006- 04025/BOS, CGL2010-17172 and Consolider-Ingenio Montes CSD2008-00040), the Catalan Government (SGR 2009-458), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (grant SF1090065s07), the Spanish National Research council (CSIC-PIF08-006-3), and the Estonian Science Foundation (grant 7645). ; Peer reviewed

This report is the product of collaboration between the Naval Postgraduate School, Center on Contemporary Conflict and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency ; The eighth annual session of the U.S.-China Strategic Dialogue on strategic nuclear issues was held in Oahu, Hawaii, from June 8 to 10, 2014. The dialogue is a Track 1.5 meeting; it is formally unofficial but includes a mix of government and academic participants. The dialogue is organized by the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and Pacific Forum CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies) and funded by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency's (DTRA) Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) at NPS. For the third time, this meeting was also supported by a Chinese co-host, the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association (CACDA). This "non-governmental" association, with close ties to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and People's Liberation Army (PLA), helped improve the level and quality of participants and secure support for discussing certain topics.

The Oahu branch of the Public Welfare Division in the Hawaii Department of Social Services and Housing is examined to extend and refine the theory on street-level bureaucracy, specifically in terms of the policy-relevant choices exercised by street-level bureaucrats. From analysis based upon interviews and observation, the author concludes that policy obscurity and situational ambiguities contributed to the construction of numerous and distinctive regimens of pragmatic choices. The author also concludes that these choices are of a scale of significance beyond what is conventionally called discretion. Three types of street-level policymaking, the intervener, the withdrawn, and the student, are analyzed, and the source and content of the policy of each is examined. Each policymaking regimen represents a distinctive response to the setting of official policy and the operational pressures of doing public assistance work. Implications are then drawn for the theory of street-level bureaucracy, street-level policymaking, and the appropriate locus of reform.

Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in. ; The endemic Hylaeus bees are critical pollinators in native ecosystems in Hawai'i. Seven species are proposed for listing as endangered, and many more are rare and potentially endangered. We surveyed 40 localities on O'ahu, 56 on Hawai'i, and approximately 70 km of the coastline of Hawai'i for 23 species of native Hylaeus, including four added during the course of the project. All of the native Hylaeus were much rarer than they were during previous surveys in 1999–2002, including many previously considered common. The only target species found in significant numbers was H. anthracinus, which is restricted to narrow strips of seashore vegetation on both islands but can occur in high density where present. However, the largest O'ahu population, at Ka'ena Point, appears to have completely disappeared since it was last observed in 2002. Significant populations exist on Hawai'i, but only two sites are currently known on O'ahu. Six of the other species on O'ahu were not seen at all, and the remaining six (H. anomalus, H. laetus, H. makaha, H. mamo, H. mana, and H. mimicus) were collected once or twice and/or with a total of 1–5 individuals each. On Hawai'i, only H. flavipes, H. kona, H. laetus, H. ombrias, and H. rugulosus were collected, mainly from in or around Pōhakuloa Training Area during a brief period of July and August. Most non-target species have been found at least once, but nearly all in low numbers; some of the less common ones, including H. setosifrons on Hawai'i, were extremely rare or absent. The past several years have been extremely dry on the leeward sides of the islands, where most of the rare species occur, and drought may be a factor in the low numbers of bees. Serious damage and mortality among Myoporum sandwicense, an important floral resource, as a result of thrips infestation may also be important in reducing numbers and diversity of bees in montane ...

Introduction: Reppin', island style / by Keith L. Camacho -- Kōti Rangatahi : Whanaungatanga justice and the "magnificence of its connectedness" / Stella Black, Jacquie Kidd, and Katey Thom -- "Raise your pen" : a critical race essay on truth and justice / Kepa Ōkusitino Maumau, Moana Uluave-Hafoka, and Lea Lani Kinikini -- Pasifika lens : an analysis of Sāmoan student experiences in Australian high schools / Vaoiva Ponton -- Screen sovereignty : urban youth and community media in Vanuatu / Thomas Dick and Sarah Doyle -- "Holla mai! Tongan 4 life!" Transnational citizenship, youth style, and mediated interaction through online social networking communities / Mary K. Good -- Making waves : Marshallese youth culture, "minor songs," and major challenges / Jessica A. Schwartz -- Kanaka Waikīkī : the Stonewall Gang and beachboys of Oahu, 1916-1954 / Alika Bourgette -- "Still feeling it" : addressing the unresolved grief among the Sāmoan Bloods of Aotearoa New Zealand / Gisa Dr Moses Ma'alo Faleolo -- Faikava : a philosophy of diasporic Tongan youth, hip hop, and urban kava circles / Arcia Tecun, Edmond Fehoko, and Inoke Hafoka -- The "young kings of Kalihi" : boys and bikes in Hawaii's urban ahupuaa / Demiliza Saramosing.

The limited understanding of how ecosystem service knowledge (ESK) is used in decision making constrains our ability to learn from, replicate, and convey success stories. We explore use of ESK in decision making in three international cases: national coastal planning in Belize; regional marine spatial planning on Vancouver Island, Canada; and regional land-use planning on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Decision makers, scientists, and stakeholders collaborated in each case to use a standardized ecosystem service accounting tool to inform spatial planning. We evaluate interview, survey, and observation data to assess evidence of 'conceptual', 'strategic', and 'instrumental' use of ESK. We find evidence of all modes: conceptual use dominates early planning, while strategic and instrumental uses occur iteratively in middle and late stages. Conceptual and strategic uses of ESK build understanding and compromise that facilitate instrumental use. We highlight attributes of ESK, characteristics of the process, and general conditions that appear to affect how knowledge is used. Meaningful participation, scenario development, and integration of local and traditional knowledge emerge as important for particular uses.

Medical augmentees at Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command are responsible for the health and welfare of team members deployed to remote regions of the world to extract remains of lost service members. No method was in place to prepare these individuals for mission prior to arriving on Oahu and information needed to be available as an online resource and viewable on mobile hand-held devices so members could access information prior to and during deployment. The purpose of the instructional design project was to develop and evaluate a web-based instructional website designed to provide necessary medical and mission knowledge to medical augmentees. Fifteen current and former augmentees were asked to review the Aloha Augmentee website, evaluate the quality of content and make recommendations for improvement. Data were collected via online pre and post surveys. The results revealed that the website was viewed as successful with very positive qualitative feedback. Participants felt that the website could be even more effective with the addition of medical-grade photographs and more in-depth background about specific regional diagnoses. Feedback from participants will be used to improve the overall design and content of the website to better prepare future augmentees.

Purpose. We assessed the effectiveness of a worksite management intervention (the 3W program) for overweight and obese hotel employees. Design. The program was tested in a 2-year cluster-randomized trial involving 30 hotels that employed nearly 12,000 individuals. Setting. All participating hotels were on Oahu, Hawaii. The intervention was implemented within hotel worksites. Subjects. Participants were included in the analysis if they had an initial body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25, were assessed at least twice, were not missing other data needed for the analysis, and did not switch to employment at a hotel in a different experimental condition. Of the 6519 employees we assessed, data from 1207 individuals (intervention: 598; control: 610) met these criteria and contributed to the analysis. Intervention. The intervention had two components: (1) group meetings and (2) a workplace environment intervention. Measures. Weight and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were measured at three annual assessments. Analysis. The effect of the intervention on change in BMI and WHtR was estimated in hierarchical mixed regression models using full maximum likelihood to estimate model parameters. Results. The effects on change in BMI and WHtR were in the expected direction but were not statistically significant. Conclusion. The 3W program was not effective. The low intensity of the intervention may have contributed to its ineffectiveness.

The prevalence of tuberculosis among military health system (MHS) and Veterans Affairs (VA) beneficiaries in Hawaii and the Pacific Islands has not been previously reported. Our analysis evaluates the prevalence of M. tuberculosis (MTB) among acid fast bacilli culture(s) (AFB) tested at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) on Oahu, HI and describes demographic factors associated with positive samples. We analyzed 9,768 AFBs from 4,129 individuals with AFB specimens processed at TAMC from January 2002 to November 2019: of those who were tested 3,178 were MHS beneficiaries and 951 were VA beneficiaries. There were a total of 40 individuals with MTB-positive cultures over the period of study: 31 MHS beneficiaries and 9 VA beneficiaries. Of the MTB-positive specimens, 93% were from pulmonary samples while the remainder were from lymph node aspirates (5%) and peritoneal samples (2%). Cumulative incidence rates of MTB-isolation were 1.8 per 100,000 MHS beneficiaries and 1.2 per 100,000 VA beneficiaries, both of which were lower than reported incidence rates in Hawaii, the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands and the United States for the study period. MHS beneficiaries of Asian-Pacific Islander race or ethnicity had nearly 20 times higher odds of positive AFB than white MHS beneficiaries (OR = 19.56, 95% CI 5.52, 69.29, p = < 0.001). This study demonstrated a higher odds of MTB-positivity associated with Asian-Pacific Islander race or ethnicity and low incidence rates of TB among MHS and VA beneficiaries in Hawaii and the Pacific Islands when compared with the civilian population.

15 páginas, 3 figuras, 4 tablas. ; Plant-invasive success is one of the most important current global changes in the biosphere. To understand which factors explain such success, we compared the foliar traits of 41 native and 47 alien-invasive plant species in Oahu Island (Hawaii), a location with a highly endemic flora that has evolved in isolation and is currently vulnerable to invasions by exotic plant species. Foliar traits, which in most cases presented significant phylogenetic signal, i.e. closely related species tended to resemble each other due to shared ancestry, separated invasive from native species. Invasive species had lower leaf mass per area and enhanced capacities in terms of productivity (photosynthetic capacity) and nutrient capture both of macro- (N, P, K) and microelements (Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn). All these differences remain highly significant after removing the effects of phylogenetic history. Alien-invasive species did not show higher efficiency at using limiting nutrient resources, but they got faster leaf economics returns and occupied a different biogeochemical niche, which helps to explain the success of invasive plants and suggests that potential increases in soil nutrient availability might favor further invasive plant success. ; This research was supported by the University of Hawaii (G. P. Wilder research funds), and the grants from the Spanish Government (CGL2006-04025/BOS and Consolider-Ingenio Montes CSD2008-00040), the Catalan Government (SGR 2009-458) and the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (SF1090065s07) and the join collaborative project between Spanish CSIC and the Estonian Academy of Sciences. ; Peer reviewed

Background: Studies of youth violence have usually examined social capital using qualitative methods, but remain limited by small sample sizes. In addition, few studies examine violence among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) youth, even though they are one of the fastest-growing youth populations in the USA. Aims: To contribute to a better understanding of culture and ethnicity in youth violence among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders by quantifying ethnic forms of social capital. Methods: We use an n = 326 sample of three API groups from Oahu, Hawaii. Defining social capital as ethnic practice, we test Filipino, Hawaiian and Samoan forms of youth social capital on intimate and non-intimate violence. Results: Bivariate findings associate lower violence with language ability among Filipinos, coming-of-age practices among Hawaiians, and community leader engagement among Samoans. Multivariate tests showed language to be the strongest correlation. Bivariate tests also suggested potentially risky forms of social capital. Conclusions: Results lead us to hypothesize that social capital that deliberately places individuals within their respective ethnic communities are risk-reducing, as are those that promote formal ethnic community structures. Those that formalize ethnic practice and social capital into commercial activities may be associated with higher risk of violence. Given the relatively small sample size and the exploratory approach for the present investigation, further research is needed to determine whether the findings can be replicated and to extend the findings of the present preliminary study.