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In this autobiographical essay, Josef Ehmer reflects on his academic career. As a starting point, Ehmer describes his family background as well as the socio-political milieu and the (political) influences of his upbringing and schooling in the context of Austrian contemporary history. Subsequently, the author recalls his years of study and describes the Institute for Economic and Social History in Vienna as a "social place." Shaped and supported by dedicated mentors, such as Michael Mitterauer, Ehmer reflects on his path into "science as a vocation" and its various stages, especially his professorships in Salzburg and Vienna. Additionally, this essay elaborates on how Ehmer developed his stable research focuses: the social history of the 18th to 20th centuries in a European comparative perspective, specifically the history of the family, workers and craftsmen, migrations, aging, and popu-lation history and historical demography.

Does party competition affect political activism? This paper studies the decision of party supporters to join political campaigns. We present a framework that incorporates supporters' instrumental and expressive motives and illustrates that party competition can either increase or decrease party activism. To distinguish between these competing predictions, we implemented a field experiment with a European party during a national election. In a seemingly unrelated party survey, we randomly assigned 1,417 party supporters to true information that the canvassing activity of the main competitor party was exceptionally high. Using unobtrusive, real-time data on party supporters' canvassing behavior, we find that respondents exposed to the high-competition treatment are 30% less likely to go canvassing. To investigate the causal mechanism, we leverage additional survey evidence collected two months after the campaign. Consistent with affective accounts of political activism, we show that increased competition lowered party supporters' political self-efficacy, which plausibly led them to remain inactive.

Does party competition affect political activism? This paper studies the decision of party supporters to join political campaigns. We present a framework that incorporates supporters' instrumental and expressive motives and illustrates that party competition can either increase or decrease party activism. To distinguish between these competing predictions, we implemented a field experiment with a European party during a national election. In a seemingly unrelated party survey, we randomly assigned 1,417 party supporters to true information that the canvassing activity of the main competitor party was exceptionally high. Using unobtrusive, real-time data on party supporters' canvassing behavior, we find that treated respondents are 30 percent less likely to go canvassing. To investigate the causal mechanism, we leverage additional survey evidence collected two months after the campaign. Consistent with affective accounts of political activism, we show that increased competition lowered party supporters' political self-efficacy, which plausibly led them to remain inactive.

Student political activism is a highly complex, many faceted phenomenon. The essay posits some general perspectives on student politics and considers student movements in a comparative context. The involvement of students in China's political and educational development is discussed. The dramatic differences between student activism in the Third World and the industrialized nations are pointed. out. (DÜI-Sen)

The aim of this article is to move away from the myth of passivity to counteract the objectification of South Asian women. Through the narratives of women active in Asian women's organizations it will show that a broader version of political activism is brought into play. This article will also demonstrate that despite being constructed as subjects without agency, South Asian women have been politically active, even under the most oppressive circumstances. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Contemporary Politics in June 2007, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13569770701562591

The study of political activism has neglected people's personal and social relationships to time. Age, life course and generation have become increasing important experiences for understanding political participation and political outcomes (e.g. Brexit), and current policies of austerity across the world are affecting people of all ages. At a time when social science is struggling to understand the rapid and unexpected changes to the current political landscape, the essay argues that the study of political activism can be enriched by engaging with the temporal dimensions of people's everyday social experiences because it enables the discovery of political activism in mundane activities as well as in banal spaces. The authors suggest that a values-based approach that focuses on people's relationships of concern would be a suitable way to surface contemporary political sites and experiences of activism across the life course and for different generations.

This article argues that new personality-centric movements have redefined the nexus between activism and electoral politics in Indonesia. It illustrates how these movements have challenged the role of political parties and consultants in electoral campaigning, and how their growing prominence may affect the future trajectory of Indonesian politics.