Suchergebnisse

References to state presidential primary laws, p 487.

For 1952-1956 see Democratic primary election returns. ; For 1908-1948 see Compilation of primary election returns of the Democratic Party. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In this paper, the author examined the perception of primary school teachers about supervision exercise in Nigerian primary schools. The sample comprised 1258 (581 men, 677 women) classroom teachers who were randomly selected from 81 primary schools in Akinyele, Ona-Ara, and Ibadan South East Local Government Education Authorities, Oyo State, Nigeria. A questionnaire titled "Supervision and Quality of Instruction in Primary Schools" was administered on the sample. Frequency counts, percentages, and independent sample t - test were used to analyse the data. Results showed that fairly large sizes of the respondents were favourably disposed to supervision exercise in primary schools. Male teachers were more favourably disposed to supervision exercise than female teachers. However, generally the respondents were of the opinion that effective supervision is necessary in order to enhance the quality of instruction and to maintain standard in primary schools. The findings suggest the need for the government at all levels to strengthen supervision exercise in primary schools.

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Previous research has established that voters and political elites hold gendered stereotypes toward female candidates. Additionally, traditional family roles and gendered expectations are found to affect the self-confidence of women and their political ambition. However, little is known about how potential challengers perceive women as candidates. To fill this gap, I examine whether the presence of a woman in a primary election influences the entry of prospective candidates. Are women perceived to be more vulnerable candidates, thus attracting more competition in primary elections? To answer this, I estimate a negative binomial regression with primary election data for the U.S. House of Representatives from 2002-2012. The results confirm previous findings that women face more primary competition, especially Republican women. However, Democratic incumbents and women who fundraise large amounts of money deter challengers from entering the primary election, suggesting they are viewed as stronger candidates, thus dissuading potential candidates from entering the race. To further examine these results I estimate the propensity score of congressional districts and match a random sample of my population to compare candidate-filing dates. The results suggest women strategically enter a race when there are fewer candidates. Furthermore, I find evidence that challengers are more likely to enter a primary election after a woman declares candidacy.