Suchergebnisse

The transition in most countries was accompanied by the burst of unemployment. At the beginning of transition, the new opportunities to start own businesses were expected to release the entrepreneurship potential of the population and lead to fast convergence towards the successful market economies. At the same time, entrepreneurship was expected to alleviate the labour shedding from restructured inefficient industrial sector. The data seldom corroborates this successful transition scenario. This paper provides analysis of the regional differences in self-employment in Croatia during the mature transition 1998-2008 period. Although self-employment cannot be equalized with entrepreneurship, Labour Force Survey as relatively rich data source enables investigation of certain factors that might be partially related to the overall entrepreneurship propensity of the working population in Croatia. Furthermore, analysis of potential regional differences in Croatian labour force entrepreneurship propensity has not been previously quantitatively assessed in the literature. The regional perspective in the paper is used to investigate whether there is a link between the evolution of self-employment and overall unemployment rate in the region (does self-employment help to alleviate unemployment problems?), the share of public sector employment (do chances of finding a secure government job impede entrepreneurship?), economic structure of the region (which economic sectors are more likely to encourage self-employment?) through time. In addition, the characteristics of the self-employed - in terms of gender, age, occupation, education, wage, household characteristics – are compared to those in employment. With this segment of the analysis we try to reveal whether there is higher entrepreneurship propensity within certain population subgroups in Croatia.

ARTICLE PRESENTS AN OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL RECRUITMENT. THE INDICATORS OF RECRUITMENT CHOSEN ARE MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE KOMSOMOL. THE STUDY COVERS THE PERIOD 1956-73. THE EXISTENCE OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IS ESTABLISHED. THESE DIFFERENCES TEND ALSO TO REMAIN OVER TIME.

PurposeThis study demonstrates the complexities of analyzing determinants of leader behaviour preference dimension differences between and within national cultures. Culture is firmly established as important and influential effects in the international business environment. However, intra‐country regional cultural differences are relatively neglected. The purpose of this paper is to help fill this gap.Design/methodology/approachField survey research, the Leadership Behaviour Description Questionnaire XII (LBDQ XII) was administered to people working in business organizations in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province; Hangzhou City, Jiangsu Province; Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province; and in the Macau Special Administrative Region, in the People's Republic of China.FindingsSignificant differences were found amongst the samples for each of the 12 leader behaviour dimensions of the LBDQ XII, with the exception that the nearby regions of Guangzhou and Macau exhibited no differences. The results indicate that "culture areas" exist in China, distinctly different from one another.Practical implicationsThe results are based upon differences in mean of leader behaviour preference dimension scores amongst businesspeople in specific geographic regions; the usual level of analysis caveats apply: preferences of individuals will not conform perfectly to the means of the groups of which they are members.Social implicationsAs interactions with businesspeople pervade life, knowledge of regional differences in expectations of their behaviour can facilitate more successful transactions.Originality/valueThe study provides the first multi‐regional empirical study of preferred leader behaviour of businesspeople in China, indicating preferences for managerial leader behaviour vary across regions. The findings can be used to develop awareness of differences managerial leader education, training, and development programmes for expatriate and local businesspeople.

ABSTRACTThe article presents an overview of differences between the fifteen Soviet republics in the field of political recruitment. The indicators of recruitment chosen are membership of the Communist Party and the Komsomol. The study covers the period 1956–73. The existence of significant differences is established. These differences tend also to remain over time. In the field of political recruitment, the western republics situated in the European part of the USSR behave differently from those of Central Asia. Finally, a connection between the differences in political recruitment and the differences in socio‐economic development is suggested. The political organizations tend, on the average, to have more members in the economically advanced areas and vice versa.

The rapid growth in urban population has led to a dramatic increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, with ramifications more pronounced in developing countries. The regional Chinese governments have made great efforts to reduce MSW generation and collection quantities. However, the results of these efforts vary across cities. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the regional differences in MSW collection quantities. A two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used to examine the variations in MSW collection quantities among 287 prefecture-level cites in China over the period from 2008 to 2017. The analysis reveals a strong negative correlation between the regional economic development level and the growth trend of MSW collection quantities. The empirical findings indicate that the level of economic development and waste collection measures are critical determinants of MSW collection quantities.