Suchergebnisse

Lea Immel prepared this study while she was working at the Research Group Taxation and Fiscal Policy at the ifo Institute. The study was completed in September 2020 and accepted as doctoral thesis by the Department of Economics at the University of Munich. It consists of four distinct empirical essays investigating the causes and consequences of regional di erences in the distribution of income and wages using county-level data from Germany. Chapter 2 analyzes the impact of the so-called Hartz reforms on income inequality in German regions. Chapter 3 investigates the long-term effect of university openings on the wage distribution in the surrounding area. Chapters 4 and 5 turn to the political consequences of regional income dispersion and examine the effect of relative economic deprivation on the support for radical right- and left-wing parties as well as on local fiscal policy. The chapters employ difference-in-differences, event study, and instrumental variable estimations to answer the respective research questions.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Taiwan is facing a huge urban-rural gap in the human resources of dentists between cities and counties. Although the postgraduate year training program for dentists (PGYD) was implemented in Taiwan in 2010, the uneven distribution of dentists is still a serious problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distributions of overall dentists and dental training institutions and their dentists (so-called institutional dentists) in each city and county in 2019 to further analyze the regional distributions of overall dentists and institutional dentists in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study collected the numbers of dentists, dental training institutions, and institutional dentists in each city and county in 2019 for evaluating the regional distributions of dentists and institutional dentists in Taiwan. RESULTS: The numbers of dentists and institutional dentists in municipalities were significantly higher than those in non-municipalities in Taiwan, respectively. The coefficient of variation was greatest for dentists in the single-system institutions (1.72) and program-management institutions (1.87). The coefficients of correlation between the dentist index and institutional dentist index were R(2) = 0.9805 (P < 0.001) for municipalities, R(2) = 0.4523 (P < 0.01) for non-municipalities, and R(2) = 0.7691 (P < 0.001) for nationwide. CONCLUSION: The dentist manpower and dental training institutions are concentrated in municipalities of Taiwan. The quantitative and qualitative improvement of collaborating institutions in the PGYD system may have an influence on the distribution of new-entry dentists and contribute to establishment of an effective regional dental health care service.

This article investigates the spatial determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) at the provincial level in China. Pecuniary externalities and technological externalities are the two main reasons behind the concentration of FDI in China. This article examines the resulting imbalance in the regional distribution of FDI among China's 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. It takes a novel approach to further investigate the role of innovation efficiency. This is also an indicator of technological externality. Panel data sets from 1999 to 2007 reveal that in attracting FDI, the domestic regional markets and foreign markets have substitution effects with one another based on the samples representing the national, eastern and central provinces. This effect, however, is not found in the samples from the western provinces. (CIJ/GIGA)

"Dieser Aufsatz analysiert die regionale Verteilung der Direktinvestierungen (FDI) des Auslands im Vereinigten Königreich. Nach einer Untersuchung derjenigen Landesregionen, die sich auf dem Gebiet eingehender Investierungen erfolgreich erwiesen haben, beschäftigt der Aufsatz sich mit Hypothesen, die zur Erklärung des auf regionaler Ebene verhältnismässigen Erfolgs bei der Heranziehung neuer FDI Projekte und Arbeitsplätze benutzt werden können. Empirische Prüfungen dieser Hypothesen legen nahe, daß sowohl finanzielle Anreize wie Zugang zu Märkten wichtige Bestimmungsfaktoren bei der regionalen Verteilung neuer FDI Projekte und Arbeitsplätze sind." (Autorenreferat)