Suchergebnisse

The first attempt after abolition to incorporate the former slaves into the Brazilian community was made by trying to bring African into Portuguese civilization instead of trying to make a place for the Negro in the soc order. Because the Portuguese colonists had intermingled with the Moors, because they arrived in the New World without women & did not hesitate to have sex relations with coloured women, because the SE system obliged them to live among slaves, & because of the Portuguese-Catholic emphasis on soc good rather than puritanical strictness, Brazil eventually become the world's classic example of racial democracy. Unlike the US, Brazil has a class rather than a caste society. At the request of Arthur Ramos, UNESCO carried out a survey of the racial situation in Brazil. Its program was made up of 6 investigations. A survey of the Ru areas in north & north-east Brazil was carried out under the direction of Charles Wagley who arranged for 3 communities in the state of Bahia to be surveyed. This aspect of the program concluded that race is only one of the factors of soc stratification, & that little actual discrimination is practiced. Other information suggested that there is little diff in the character in race relations comparing northern & southern Brazil. A second part of the program was the survey of the mechanism of soc mobility in the city of Bahia by Thales de Azevedo. This study showed that although coloured people generally are members of the lowest stratum, vertical mobility is high. An inquiry into the influence of religion on ethnic behaviour in Recife indicated that although religion is important in the formation of personality & consequently in forms of racial behavior, it may be overruled by other societal forces. A survey of the racial situation in Rio de Janeiro by Costa Pinto led to the conclusion that to say there is no prejudice in Brazil is a refusal to face reality, even though the situation is not as bad as that of the US. Res on race relations in Sao Paulo was conducted by Roger Bastide & Florestan Fernandes. This analysis was supplemented by 3 soc psychol res projects. This UNESCO res succeeded in bringing about a great increase in the number of studies of ethnic relations. Most studies have been descriptive, not normative. As there is an AMERICAN DILEMMA there is a Brazilian Dilemma. The Brazilian is proud of the belief in the ideal of universal brotherhood & simultaneously practices racial discrimination. B. J. Keelev.

A subject like race relations (RR) has no pure theory of its own, but exists to bring together all that other sci's can contribute to the solution of problems within its own special field.' The central sociol'al problem in the study of RR is that of SD. The observance of SD is a form of discrimination consisting in the failure to admit strangers to particular relationships, & is characterized chiefly by avoidance. Where racial distinctions are more rigid, patterns of SD also reflect pol'al & psychol'al influences to a marked extent & it is more difficult to isolate the purely sociol'al factors. 'Sociol does not attempt to provide any inclusive account of the myriad influences upon HB. In one region sociol'al factors may be of major relevance to an understanding of the total/sum position; in another, they may be relatively insignif compared with pol'al or psychol'al ones. It is the specialist in RR studies who has to develop an expertise in applying these contributions & assessing their relevance to the complex problems with which he is confronted.' E. Weiman.

It is suggested that in the study of race relations (RR), 1 particular situation should be focused on. Further, this given situation should be looked at in a variety of diff ways, not necessarily in the order they occur. Historically, the growth of the main factors should be traced & the whole complex structure of the society should be analyzed by a lateral section. Next comes an awareness of the characteristic psychol'al problems of the individuals facing this situation. The contributions of M. Freedman Man, Aug, 1957), M. Banton (See SA A7202), A. Richmond (Man, Aug, 1957) & H. S. Deighton (See SA A7207), on the discipline & range of RR are discussed. It is felt that RR is a field of studies rather than a discipline. 'What is ultimately desirable is a process comparable to the deep analysis of an individual but applied to a whole society.... Freedman has suggested enquiries into those colonial minority pop's which define themselves racially & see themselves only marginally as members of the society they dominate, & Deighton would like to see 'more investigation of the attitude of white peoples.' Monographs are needed on places where RR have been of importance - Fiji, Barbados, Mexico, & others - describing in detail the growth & structure of the society. We also need more res on the part that folk-lore, metaphor, & remnants of old religions play in the formation of the myths about race which contribute to prejudice in GB, & to know more of aboriginal peoples who have not been absorbed. E. Weiman.