Suchergebnisse

This paper generates a framework to understand Latin American foreign relations through the use of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) role theory. The use of roles to describe and analyze regional interstate relations has previously been found in the literature on Latin America, but these studies have not taken advantage of the full range of concepts and theoretical implications associated with role theory to analyze the region. The paper develops a typology of states with associated national role conceptions (NRCs) and generates expectations for the sources of those NRCs, as well as elements of the role enactment and role location processes for Latin American states. The paper then illustrates the framework's applicability through a brief analysis of the role location process for Venezuela during the Presidency of Hugo Chávez. The analysis of NRCs selected by the leader of Venezuela, and their reception by role partners and the audience of interested states during the role location process demonstrates the fruitfulness of role theory for understanding Latin American regional relations. The analysis also suggests some modifications for FPA role theory itself as a result of the Venezuelan case.

The basic sociological theoretical approaches to the consideration of the notion of "role" are analyzed. On the basis of this analysis, two main theo, retical perspectives (the interactional and structural ones) are separated, and the specificity of the comprehension of the notion in each of the per, spectives is studied.

This paper looks at some of the major texts in the history of role theory. The question that is asked is whether any of these works have been able to theorize the self adequately. It is suggested that neither Parsons nor Merton has any place for the self in their respective theories. While Goffman does make a space for the self, it is only a negative space. Even ethnomethodological theory cannot imagine a role player capable of self-expression. It is argued that a solution to the problem of how to conceive of self and role can be developed from some ideas present in the work of the philosopher Lawrence Blum. The concept of self as identity that can be extracted from his work can allow social theory to imagine actors who are simultaneously expressing their selves and fulfilling their roles. Affinities between this idea and some key concepts in theories of both (Alan) Blum and Peter McHugh and Charles Taylor are suggested.

Impression management (IM) is a process where individuals consciously or unconsciously control the information, behaviors, and expressions they present to others. Studies on IM that are based on social role theory have mostly focused on gender roles. However, there is a growing recognition of the need to expand social role research beyond traditional gender roles (Anglin et al., 2022). This study aims to investigate the influence of various societal roles, including gender, age, occupation, and education, on IM strategies among Jordanian public sector employees within organizational contexts. Drawing upon social role theory and existing literature, this research seeks to explore how different social roles intersect and shape IM behaviors. Data were collected from 927 participants via an online questionnaire distributed through convenience sampling. Nonparametric analysis was employed, utilizing the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis H test to analyze gender-based and other variables with three or more groups, respectively. The findings suggest that while gender, occupation, and educational background can impact IM, their influence is often overshadowed by the broader organizational context. This study contributes to the literature by expanding our understanding of IM beyond traditional gender roles and elucidating the complex interplay between societal roles and IM strategies.

O presente trabalho convida a uma reflexão sobre a Role Theory (RT) e seu desenvolvimento nas Relações Internacionais por meio de uma revisão de literatura dos trabalhos publicados nas últimas décadas. Busca analisar o encontro dos dois subcampos da área: o subcampo de Política Internacional (PI) e o de Análise de Política Externa (APE) vislumbrado por meio da RT. Compreender o processo de mudança da postura dos Estados em diferentes temáticas exige a ponderação de fatores estruturais, institucionais e identitários do sistema internacional e do ambiente doméstico, e a RT parece ser capaz de unir os diferentes níveis de análise de forma satisfatória. A junção entre teorias das RI e APE pela RT só é possível devido a particularidades dessa teoria, por isso compreender como a RT dialoga com cada um desses campos é relevante. Assim, o artigo trata das origens da RT nas ciências humanas e nas RI, alguns dos diálogos dessa teoria com as demais, sua relação com a APE, além dos seus principais conceitos. Também serão explorados brevemente exemplos de trabalhos que utilizam a RT para o estudo da política externa brasileira. Outro motivo para a apresentação do histórico e do arcabouço conceitual vem da necessidade de unificar conceitos expostos em manuais e artigos recentes da RT, cuja reflexão pode ser útil para análises futuras que desejem utilizar a RT como modelo teórico. Ênfase maior é conferida a dois conceitos: National Role Conceptions (NRC) e Domestic Role Contestation (DRC). O conceito de NRC pode ser definido como a percepção dos policymakers sobre a posição de suas nações no sistema internacional e são, ao menos em tese, visões domesticamente compartilhadas sobre qual deve ser o role assumido pelo próprio Estado no sistema internacional; são a base da Role Theory nas RI.Recebido em: setembro de 2019Aceito em: fevereiro de 2020