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This paper reports the findings of an intensive study of 11 families in Bombay during Divali in 1973-74. It also uses materialfrom interviews and social interaction with a number offactory workers and clerks. I willfocus on the way in which employment influences patterns of social relations. Urban dwellers are conscious of alternative modes of behavior and different values, which they attempt to manipulate to provide themselves with the best opportunities, both economically and socially.

Like Marxists before, greens are trenchant critics of the commodification of human life by consumer capitalism. They have been persistent advocates of less materialistic ways of living but, as such, have been easily dismissed as champions of frugal, small‐scale community living. This essay argues that a society which fostered non‐materialistic ways of living could offer more rather than less to its citizens if it put at the centre of its vision the quality of human and social relations. A relational perspective insists that human capacities—aesthetic, spiritual, practical/intellectual, ethical and convivial—are developed through our relations to others and to nature, including the nature and otherness in ourselves. The primary aim of an ecowelfare society should be to create the conditions for such human capacities to flourish in a balanced way. The essay frst describes four areas of our everyday social relations where qualitative change is necessary if a democratic culture is to flourish. Capitalism privileges the development of the practical/intellectual and, in consequence, our over‐extended technical powers now put the world at risk. Green democracy must be approached in this light. Participation in political discussion and decision making at all levels of society enhances individual and collective ethical and convivial capacities and therefore fosters citizens who have the capacity to respond to social and ecological insecurity. To be convincing, green democracy needs to recognize the actual complexity of society, a complexity that direct, face‐to‐face models of democracy cannot deal with. In opposition to the markets and managerialism of existing governments greens should develop a vision of the extended democratization of all levels and institutions of society, from housing estates and health centres to universities and non‐departmental public bodies like the Arts Council. In doing so it must recognize the differences, tensions and conflicts in all communities irrespective of whether these are generated around place, identity or lifestyle. It must therefore promote the maximum diversity of democratic forms.

The article is devoted to the generalization of theoretical views on governance as extended relations in society that are formed between subjects — natural persons and/or legal entities — when solving complex problems, overcoming which in various social spheres requires of them collective decisions and actions. The relevance of the work is due to the need to systematize modern views on the possibilities and conditions of practical application of decision-making and implementation mechanisms in multi-subject surroundings. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the universal definition of governance based on the generalization of its modern conceptions by various scientific schools. The novelty of the research is in the interpretation of governance as decision-making in multi-subject surroundings. The research methodology is based on the use of an interdisciplinary approach in outlining the most essential characteristics of decision-making process, which are the subject of numerous scientific studies of this social phenomenon. The article summarizes modern approaches to understanding the concept of governance. Its main characteristics, which manifest when it is used in various social spheres, have been revealed. This term is defined as institutionalized decision-making, which constitutes a mechanism for independent subjects to make coordinated decisions to obtain benefits determined by their interests when solving problems that would require significant efforts and resources to be overcome on one's own, or it would be impossible at all. This interpretation makes it possible to substantiate the universality of the use of decision-making in social relations; it is due to the perceived need of subjects for the joint with others search and implementation of solutions to achieve their own goals. The content-dependency inherent in modern scientific approaches is proven when the concept of governance is defined, which is determined by the specifics of relations, the peculiarities of the institutional environment of a specific social sphere. Based on the most widespread modes of institutionalized multi-subject decision-making, a classification of its types and forms is proposed. The formation of social capital within the framework of the network regime of governance is considered. A conclusion is made about the need to build social relations in the conditions of decentralization reforms in Ukraine using the mechanism of governance.