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From the first game of the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs on April 22, 1876, tens of thousands of men have played professional sports in the Big Four—baseball, basketball, football, and hockey—major professional sports leagues in the United States. Until April 29, 2013, however, when National Basketball Association center Jason Collins came out publicly as gay, not one of those tens of thousands of men had ever come out to the public as gay while an active player on a major league roster. Is it because gay men can't jump (or throw, or catch, or skate)? Or is it more likely that the costs of coming out are too high? In Antigay Bias in Role-Model Occupations, E. Gary Spitko argues that in the case of athletes, and others in role-model occupations, a record of widespread and frequently systematic employment discrimination has been excluding gay people from the public social spaces that identify and teach whom society respects and whom members of society should seek to emulate. Creating a typology of role models—lawyers/judges, soldiers, teachers, politicians, athletes, and clergy—and the positive values and character traits associated with them, Spitko demonstrates how employment discrimination has been used for the purpose of perpetuating the generally accepted notion that gay people are inferior because they do not possess the requisite qualities—integrity, masculinity, morality, representativeness, all-American-ness, and blessedness—associated with employment in these occupations. Combining the inspirational stories of LGBT trailblazers with analysis of historical data, anecdotal evidence, research, and literature, Antigay Bias in Role-Model Occupations is the first book to explore in a comprehensive fashion the broad effects of sexual orientation discrimination in role-model occupations well beyond its individual victims. ; https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/faculty_books/1219/thumbnail.jpg

Few youth meet current physical activity recommendations. Protective social factors such as having a role model, social participation, and adult support at school may help promote youth physical activity. This study used data from the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey to examine the extent to which role models, social participation, and support at school promote physical activity among groups at risk of inactivity and obesity, specifically low-income youth and youth of color. In a model including all adolescents, those who participated in organizations outside school, did volunteer work, reported higher support from adults at school, and reported having an athlete as a role model were more physically active. However, associations varied by gender, income, and race/ethnicity. These findings suggest that some of these protective social factors, especially school support, may help promote physical activity among Latino, African American, and low-income youth, groups at increased risk of physical inactivity.

Users of social networks have a variety of social statuses and roles. For example, the users of Weibo include celebrities, government officials, and social organizations. At the same time, these users may be senior managers, middle managers, or workers in companies. Previous studies on this topic have mainly focused on using the categorical, textual and topological data of a social network to predict users' social statuses and roles. However, this cannot fully reflect the overall characteristics of users' social statuses and roles in a social network. In this paper, we consider what social network structures reflect users' social statuses and roles since social networks are designed to connect people. Taking an Enron email dataset as an example, we analyzed a preprocessing mechanism used for social network datasets that can extract users' dynamic behavior features. We further designed a novel social network representation learning algorithm in order to infer users' social statuses and roles in social networks through the use of an attention and gate mechanism on users' neighbors. The extensive experimental results gained from four publicly available datasets indicate that our solution achieves an average accuracy improvement of 2% compared with GraphSAGE-Mean, which is the best applicable inductive representation learning method.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to design a model of good governance to promote administrative health with an emphasis on the mediating role of social responsibility. Methods: The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. The statistical population included a total number of 16504 employees working in Sirjan City. Based on the Morgan table, 377 employees were selected as the subjects of the study by using a convenience random sampling. Data collection was done through a researcher-developed questionnaire which was prepared based on the research literature. The 'Responsibility' variable was measured with 16 questions and the 'Good governance' variable was measured with 14 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of variables was obtained higher than 0.7. To analyze the data, Confirmatory factor analysis and Structural equation modeling were used through Emus software. Results: According to the findings of factor analysis and fit indices, the indicators of the responsibility model are: intergenerational, environmental, and social commitments and the indicators of the good governance model are: sustainable governance and resource management. The direct effect between responsibility and good governance was obtained at 0.99. This study also showed a significant and direct relationship between the political, social, economic, and cultural dimensions of good governance and the interaction between industry and academia. Conclusion: Good governance as a fundamental variable and in interaction with other factors leads to the establishment of sustainable development in mines.

Pendidikan di Indonesia memiliki corak khas yaitu pondok pesantren, pondok pesantren telah sejak lama berdiri dan tetap ada hingga saat ini. hal ini menandakan bahwa pesantren memiliki kemandirian dalam system pembelajaran, pembangunan dan pengelolaan, hal tersebut sangat menarik untuk dikaji, bagaiman sebuah pondok pesantren dapat berdiri dan tegak dari zaman ke zaman. penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriftip dan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) pondok pesantren memiliki manajemen pengkaderan yang trstuktur (2) pondok pesantren gontor tidak menganut politik praktis sehingga tidak ada perebutan kekuasaan (3) penugasan yang diberikan kepada santri dilakukan dengan prinsip POACE (planning, actualing, controlling,evaluating) sehingga kemajuan dan proses yang direncanakan terlaksana dengan bai (4) gontor memiliki prinsip ekonomi proteksi dan open management anpa ada yang di tutupi sedikitpun. ; Education in Indonesia has a distinctive style, namely Islamic boarding schools, Islamic boarding schools have been around for a long time and still exist today. this indicates that pesantren has independence in the system of learning, development and management, it is very interesting to study, how a boarding school can stand and stand tall from time to time. This study uses descriptive qualitative and the results of this study are (1) Islamic boarding schools have structured cadre management (2) Gontor Islamic boarding schools do not adhere to practical politics so there is no power struggle (3) assignments given to students are carried out with the POACE principle (planning). , actualing, controlling, evaluating) so that the planned progress and processes are carried out properly (4) Gontor has economic principles of protection and open management without anything being covered up at all.

This article examines the unique institutional environment of socialist Cuba, where currently a process of controlled marketisation and expansion of private enterprise is taking place. The article investigates business behaviour in Cuba with particular reference to implicit assumptions relating to socially responsible enterprise, or 'Corporate Social Responsibility' (CSR) as the term is understood in Western Liberal Democracies. It draws upon a series of interviews with business practitioners and business commentators (both Cuban and non-Cuban residents on the island). The interviews focused on the participants' awareness of business ethics and socially responsible enterprise, and the cultural differences in assumptions and expectations relating to the concept of CSR between the Cuban and non-Cuban interviewees. We find that Cuba at this early stage of tentative marketisation presents a positive role model of socially responsible enterprise. Both the highly regulated State economy, and the embedded norms and values of social equity that have emerged as a consequence of Cuba's socialist revolution facilitate business social responsibility. The relevance of this research to current debates in relation to CSR is discussed, and it is argued that capitalist economies may similarly benefit from tighter regulatory control and by cultivating more pro-social business norms that prioritise ethical over economic concerns.