Suchergebnisse

Since 2008, the world economy has been overshadowed by a heavy pressure from the global financial crisis. With a relatively strong global relationship, it is difficult for Kenya to fully escape the global financial crisis. Kenya has also gone through a food crisis, the post-election political crisis and the security crisis. In fact, the Kenyan economy, since the early 2000s, continues to grow without much affected by the crises. With history and economics approach, this study departs from a simple curiosity, to know how Kenya's economic development is during the crises. This study examines three sectors that survive and thrive during times of crisis, namely agricultural sector (tea, coffee and cut flowers), infrastructure, and financial technology. In addition, this study also describes the increasing role of China in the Kenyan economy, when other donor countries are in crisis.Keywords: Crisis, agricultural sector, infrastructure development, financial technology, ChinaAbstrakSejak 2008, perekonomian dunia telahdibayangi oleh tekanan krisis keuangan global. Dengan hubungan global yang relatif kuat, sulit bagi Kenya untuk sepenuhnya keluar dari krisis tersebut. Kenya juga mengalami krisis pangan, krisis politik pasca pemilu dan krisis keamanan. Namun, ekonomi Kenya, sejak awal tahun 2000an, terus bertumbuh tanpa banyak terpengaruh oleh krisis. Dengan pendekatan sejarah dan ekonomi, penelitian ini berangkat dari keingintahuan yang sederhanatentangbagaimana perkembangan ekonomi Kenya selama krisis. Studi ini meneliti tiga sektor yang bertahan hidup dan berkembang selama masa krisis, yaitu sektor pertanian (teh, kopi dan bunga potong), infrastruktur, dan teknologi keuangan. Selain itu, studi ini juga menggambarkan peningkatan peran China dalam perekonomian Kenya, ketika negara-negara donor lainnya berada dalam krisis.Kata kunci: Krisis, sektor pertanian, pembangunan infrastruktur, teknologi keuangan, China

The world today is been faced with numerous challenges and one of those challenges is global warming which was as a result of climate change caused by basically economic activities. The aim of this study is to investigate on the effect of globalization and institutions and how they both affect environmental quality with reference to selected Sub-Sahara Africa Countries. A trend analysis was also carried out to study the movement of these variables used to proxy globalization, institution and environmental quality. The study also used the pooled OLS coupled with both the random effect, fixed effect and the Hausman test for the appropriateness of the model. The result of the study shows a positive relationship between globalization and environmental quality and a negative relation relationship between institution and environmental quality. Based on the result, the study recommends the effectiveness of government policies on quest for eco-friendly environmental and to reduce pollutions of all sort.

Even if 'good governance' goals have dominated public policy in postcolonial polities in the last decades, their politics and public administration often continue to be marked by authoritarianism, nepotism and corruption – the very practices good governance policy was to eradicate. In this article, we try to account for this apparent intractability of 'poor' and, occasionally, outright 'bad' governance. First, we argue that what appears as 'bad' governance to those embracing conventional, essentially Weberian, 'good governance' conceptions, may in fact be 'good' governance after all. Practices of political clientelism or patronage may reflect and accord with widely shared cultural beliefs about good and legitimate governance. Second, we show that the predominance of personalism and unofficial relationships that characterizes political clientelism may combine with modern bureaucracy in ways that drastically subvert the type of 'good governance' embodied by traditional moral economies of patronage. We dissect the logics of neopatrimonialism, a type of regime in which ruling elites use the state for personal enrichment and profit from a public administration that is patently unstable, inefficient, nontransparent and that fails to distribute public resources to large segments of the population. Third, we argue that the pragmatic survival strategies to which 'ordinary' citizens resort in response to such neopatrimonial neglect often, and ironically, entail the direct engagement with – rather than an outright distancing from – neopatrimonial politics.

Abstract
The study investigates the impacts of macroeconomic performance and corruption on the industrial growth of the SSA. The industrial sector is seen as the engine of the economic development of any country and hence policies that will promote the growth of the sector cannot be over emphasized. The study investigated effects of macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, economic growth, inflation rate and unemployment rate as measures of economic performance in the SSA on the industrial sector growth. Also quality of institutions effects on industrial sector is investigated using control of corruption as proxy. The preliminary diagnostic results show that Panel Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags P-ARDL is appropriate for the estimation and the results show that both macroeconomic performance and corruption have significant impacts of the industrial sector growth in SSA. However, an exchange rate that will encourage domestic production, minimum inflation, and unemployment rates, will guarantee sustainable growth in the industrial sector, while tightening grip on control of corruption.

AbstractWe examine the consequence of legislative competition on the long‐term impact of growth on three‐dimensional poverty in a panel of 32 sub‐Saharan African countries. A measure of this poverty is constructed from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Index (HDI). Legislative competition is considered as inversely proportional to the proportion of parliamentary seats occupied by the major political party. From the results, one success story emerges—Ethiopia, where growth reduces poverty thanks to virtuous legislative democracy—and one failure story emerges—Republic of Congo, where growth increases poverty because of vicious legislative competition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

"Militärputsche wie in Mauretanien im April 2008 und Meutereien unzufriedener Soldaten wie in Guinea-Bissau im November sind inzwischen eher seltene Ereignisse im subsaharischen Afrika. Zwar waren Militärputsche und Militärregime lange ein typisches Kennzeichen der Politik in vielen subsaharischen Staaten, doch die Häufigkeit von Militärputschen ist seit 1990 deutlich zurückgegangen. Reine Militärregime sind fast vollständig verschwunden. Selbst nach erfolgreichen Staatsstreichen beeilen sich die neuen Machthaber, Wahlen anzukündigen und die Regierung zu rezivilisieren. Dennoch bleibt das Militär durch weniger sichtbare Einflussnahme weiterhin ein wichtiger politischer Akteur. Im subsaharischen Afrika werden zurzeit 19 Staaten von Machthabern mit militärischem Hintergrund regiert. Zumeist sind sie durch Putsch oder Rebellion an die Macht gekommen, und trotz nachträglicher Wahlen sind sie nicht hinreichend demokratisch legitimiert. Darüber hinaus gibt es politische Einflussmöglichkeiten, die weniger spektakulär sind als Militärputsche und Militärregierungen: Militärs sind oft zentrale Machtstützen von Machthabern, denen sie bisweilen durch engste Komplizenschaft bei illegalen wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten besonders verbunden sind. Die Auswirkungen von Militärherrschaft und anderen Interventionen des Militärs auf politische Stabilität und Demokratie sind überwiegend negativ. Ein starker Einfluss des Militärs steht oft im Zusammenhang mit Demokratiedefiziten und gewaltsamen Konflikten. Die Stärkung der 'professionellen Neutralität' des Militärs in Afrika muss an den Ursachen von Militärinterventionen ansetzen. Korruption, Wirtschafts- und Politikkrisen sowie Spannungen zwischen Identitätsgruppen sind häufig die tieferen Ursachen, Anlass oder auch nur Vorwand für Interventionen des Militärs. Nicht zuletzt ist die ordentliche Bezahlung und professionelle Ausbildung der Streitkräfte ebenso wichtig wie die Einrichtung einer effektiven zivilen Kontrolle über die Streitkräfte. Letztlich muss eine 'professionelle' Haltung des Militärs aber von diesem selbst ausgehen." (Autorenreferat)

The effort to reduce carbon emissions as the arguably most prevalent cause of global warming has been a positive trend in most African countries. One of the most successful strategies towards reaching that goal is the shift from fossil fuel power generation to renewable sources of energy such as wind, hydro, geothermal and solar. As Kenya sits on the equator it enjoys an all year round insolation between 5 and 6 kW/m2/day which is more than double of the average insulation in Germany, a country where solar energy is widely used. Taking advantage of a green line of financial support created by the French Government, Strathmore University embarked in a project to install a 600 kW roof-top, grid connected solar PV system to cater for its electricity needs. Having as a background of the newly instituted Feed-in-Tariff regulation, the system is designed to produce more than the required self-consumption such that the extra power can be sold to the utility via a PPA (power purchase agreement) and the revenue used to pay for the electricity used by the university at night. This paper describes the whole process from the technical, regulatory, educational and financial aspect highlighting the positive and negative events along the path such that it can be useful for other private sector institutions interested in greening their sources of energy, invest in renewable energy and thus reduce their operation costs. The authors have written this work having in mind not only countries in Africa but all other countries which sit in the so called "solar belt".