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This article deals first with the temporal patterns of everyday career activities - time in careers - and then with the life-long career line - careers in time. In the former, it introduces the concept of grandmother time and uses telecommuting as an example. In the latter, it builds on the concept of a life-stage responsive career and uses the academic career as an example. The article argues that the accepted notions of time in both daily activities and the life course need serious modification if people are to be productive in the public professional-occupational world as well as in the private world of family and community.

This review article surveys recent work on time and temporality in international relations. It begins with an overview of Kimberly Hutchings's influential history of ideas exploring the relationship between chronos (quantitative experience of time) and kairos (qualitative conceptualisation of time). Building on the architecture of Hutchings's argument, it surveys more recent scholarship that supplements, extends and complicates her insights in two ways. First, while Hutchings focuses on the way in which theorisations of kairos shift over time, the development of a unified global chronotic imaginary was itself a contested process, frequently interrupted by kairotic considerations. Second, while Hutchings is interested in western conceptualisations of kairos, recent work has shifted the analytical focus to those subject positions marginalised by such kairotic imaginaries.

Part I: Theoretical explanation of female victimization -- Gender and patriarchy -- Part II: Issues affecting African women -- Poverty -- Problems & weaknesses in educational systems -- Impact of the economy -- Trafficking of women -- Crimes of culture: forced marriages, bride price, levirate, female circumcision, and violence against women -- Part III: Recommendations -- Recommendations