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This article focuses on a debate held between liberal Colombian poet Agripina Samper de Ancízar (1831-1894) and the influential conservative writer José María Vergara y Vergara (1831-1872) regarding George Sand in the Bogota press in 1871. Agripina Samper, under her pseudonym Pía Rigán, had a visible presence in the Colombian press, especially in the 1860s, but her work is still being located and studied. Vergara, on the other hand, is perhaps the most influential scholar of the cultural and literary scene at that time. In this study I attempt to show that in this debate, started as a defense of George Sand by the Colombian poet in response to Vergara's attacks, Rigán keenly identifies and challenges three vital aspects of the conservative project: the attention given to the female body, to language, and to literature. Vergara replies with the violent stance of one who, following Michel Foucault, has the authority to discipline and punish. The context of the debate is on the beginning of the Regeneration in Colombia, an ultraconservative political movement that includes the perpetual infantilization of women, monitoring of the nation's writings, and the founding of the Colombian Academy of Language as a Hispanizing and moralizing enterprise. ; Este artículo se propone presentar un debate que sostuvo la poetisa liberal colombiana Agripina Samper de Ancízar (1831-1894) con el influyente letrado conservador José María Vergara y Vergara (1831-1872) a propósito de George Sand en la prensa bogotana en 1871. Agripina Samper, bajo su seudónimo de Pía Rigán, tuvo una visible presencia en la prensa bogotana, especialmente en la década de 1860, pero es una autora cuya obra está apenas en proceso de localización y comenzando a estudiarse. Vergara, por su parte, es quizá el letrado más influyente de la escena cultural y literaria del momento. En este artículo intento mostrar que este debate, comenzado a partir de la defensa de George Sand que la poetisa asume en respuesta a los ataques de Vergara, es un espacio en el cual la autora colombiana identifica agudamente tres aspectos vitales del discurso conservador y los reta: la vigilancia el cuerpo femenino, de la lengua y de la literatura. Vergara le responde con la violenta mirada de quien, siguiendo a Michel Foucault, tiene la autoridad para vigilar y castigar. El contexto del debate es el de los comienzos del discurso de la Regeneración en Colombia, un proyecto político ultraconservador que incluye la perpetua infantilización de las mujeres, la vigilancia de la escritura de la nación y la fundación de la Academia Colombiana de la Lengua, en tanto proyecto hispanizante y moralizador.

This essay will link African women?s writing to culture, including literary culture and the politics of literature. It describes how African women?s literature can act as a mirror, reflecting African cultures to Africans, and how it can serve as a window and a door, revealing African cultures to those outside of them in whole or in part. It ends with a description of ?communal agency,? an example of how scholarly writing can act as a door for both those who are and are not a part of a literature?s culture.

Literaturverz. S. 299 - [310]

International audience Writings on 'the female' under the Third Republic in France provide evidence of the profound changes taking place in the social representation of femininity and masculinity during the period. They correspond to dramatic changes in the socio-economic context in parallel with those in the scientific models being used to describe human bodily movement. This paper sets out to demonstrate both the structure of the discussion on femininity and the practice of exercise, and the possible links with changes in women's education and their social position in France. It attempts to go beyond the traditional analysis of the historical relationships between women and exercise in the period under examination (1870-1939). It reviews the debates on these relationships taking place at the time in France and within the state education system during the Third Republic and focuses on three specific aspects: work, school and society.

Nach einer kurzen Problematisierung des Begriffs "Frauenliteratur" werden die Entwicklungslinien des literarischen Schaffens arabischer Autorinnen in diesem Jahrhundert nachgezeichnet. Eine im eigentlichen Sinn feministische Literatur gibt es seit den frühen 60er Jahren. (DÜI-Hns)