Suchergebnisse

To the extent that adult age differences in measures of cognitive performance have implications for functioning outside the psychological laboratory, the question of the role of experience as a potential moderator of these differences becomes extremely important. Three categories of research relevant to this issue are reviewed, and methodological limitations of each type of research are discussed. Although it is frequently asserted that experience minimizes cognitive differences associated with aging, the evidence currently available does not appear consistent with a strong experiential moderation of age-related effects in cognitive performance. However, the paucity of relevant studies and the methodological weaknesses of those that do exist preclude a definitive conclusion at the present time. Additional research with improved methodology is necessary before strong conclusions can be reached concerning effects of experience on age differences in cognition.

Introduction: The aim of the paper was to evaluate the compliance in patients who have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Materials and methods: A voluntary anonymous survey was conducted among liver transplant recipients. The control group included patients with chronic non-infectious diseases requiring persistent treatment. The questionnaire "The level of Compliance" designed by R.V. Kadyrov was used. Results and discussion: The following compliance levels were identified in liver transplant recipients: the general level – 95.8±9.4; the social level – 30.4±4.2; the emotional level – 33.3±3.7; the behavioral level – 32.0±3.8. The compliance levels of the control group were significantly lower compared to the values of group 1, respectively: the general level – by 9%, the social level – by 5.6%, the emotional level – by 10.3% and the behavioral level – by 11.9%. The general compliance level of the recipients under 50 years old reached 93.5±6.8; the social compliance level – 28.9±3.9; the emotional compliance level – 33.6±2.9 and the behavioral compliance level –31.0±2.2. Conclusions: Liver transplant patients have higher levels of general, behavioral and emotional compliance compared to patients with chronic diseases. Neither gender nor age differences were identified in any types of compliance.

Introduction: The aim of the paper was to evaluate the compliance in patients who have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Materials and methods: A voluntary anonymous survey was conducted among liver transplant recipients. The control group included patients with chronic non-infectious diseases requiring persistent treatment. The questionnaire "The level of Compliance" designed by R.V. Kadyrov was used. Results and discussion: The following compliance levels were identified in liver transplant recipients: the general level – 95.8±9.4; the social level – 30.4±4.2; the emotional level – 33.3±3.7; the behavioral level – 32.0±3.8. The compliance levels of the control group were significantly lower compared to the values of group 1, respectively: the general level – by 9%, the social level – by 5.6%, the emotional level – by 10.3% and the behavioral level – by 11.9%. The general compliance level of the recipients under 50 years old reached 93.5±6.8; the social compliance level – 28.9±3.9; the emotional compliance level – 33.6±2.9 and the behavioral compliance level –31.0±2.2. Conclusions: Liver transplant patients have higher levels of general, behavioral and emotional compliance compared to patients with chronic diseases. Neither gender nor age differences were identified in any types of compliance.

Food can be used as markers for the identity of an individual or society regardless of the geographical, social and political differences separating the populations on one nation. It is a contested medium that establishes national boundaries and identities. The study aims to examine national food heritage awareness in the Klang Valley area based on age. The study involved 676 respondents using a self-completed questionnaire survey. Purposive sampling is being used in selecting the sample based on age, which required respondents to be 30 years old or older and have knowledge of heritage food. Statistic analysis such as frequency and cross-tabulation on age category (30-35 and >36 years old). Results revealed that there is only one common definition agreed by both age category (p>0.05) which is the traditional food are considered as food heritage. Both age using electronic media to gather information regarding on gazette National Food Heritage (p>0.05). However, on the knowledge on the authority responsible on gazette National Food Heritage respondent with adult age ( > 36 years old ) are more knowledgeable than younger adult (30-35 years old) (p36 years old) than young adult (30-35 years old). Respondent chooses the main criteria 'traditional value' which showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the age. There is a different understanding between young adult and adult on food heritage which authority need to highlight and create awareness in the national food heritage, especially in developing better promotion based on age groups. Keywords: Awareness; Food Heritage; Age; Demographic. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. Adilah Md Ramli, Dg Khairunisa Ahmad Sapawi, Harifah Mohd Noor, & Mohd Salehuddin Mohd Zahari. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Previous studies have suggested that women politicians are older than men politicians because they self-select themselves out of politics while their children are young. A questionnaire survey was conducted of 379 state legislators to test this "children at home" explanation of the age difference between the sexes in politics; findings show that men & women are equally inclined to postpone their public office careers until their children are grown. 2 Tables, 17 References. HA.

Abstract. Age is a critical risk factor for severe COVID-19. This is mirrored by older people showing preventive health behaviors more frequently. However, collective action across all age groups is necessary to reduce transmission. Therefore, this study assessed whether age differences are moderated by policy changes and whether policies further moderate the relationship between psychological determinants of behavior (risk perceptions and trust), age, and preventive behaviors. Risk perceptions, trust in institutions, self-reported frequency of preventive behaviors (mask-wearing, avoiding social gatherings), and demographics (e.g., age) were collected within the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO), a German serial cross-sectional survey. A total of 19,069 participants across 20 measurement points were included (online sample, quota-representative for Age × Gender and federal state in Germany; mid-April to the end of November 2020). Regression analyses showed that age differences in avoiding social gatherings and mask-wearing remained stable under different health policies but were further moderated by psychological variables. The introduction of stricter policies alone was not related to higher adoption rates of preventive behaviors, but it mitigated the effects of age and risk perceptions. Moreover, under mandatory policies, the correlation between trust in institutions and behaviors was amplified. The present research made a strong case for quality, targeted health, and risk communication. Without mandatory policies, the importance of preventive behaviors must be well understood to achieve high adherence – especially in young people who are threatened by the disease less directly.