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Fish culture in hatcheries and other aquacultural facilities is becoming much more intensive all over the world. The success of all kinds of fish rearing depends on the quality of management and this depends, in turn, on understanding the biology of fishes and the aquatic environment in which they live. This book directly addresses the relationship between the aquatic environment and the fishes. An understanding of this by the reader will result in a reduction of disease outbreaks through improved management

AbstractUnderstanding the impacts of seasonal variations on fate and distribution of natural and introduced microbes are important for proper public health, risk assessment and water management of Lake Burullus, Egypt (LB) as water receiving body. The effects of mixing processes on microbial loads in Lake and discharged aquacultural wastewater (AQ) and agricultural drainages (AG) were assessed. Microbiological examinations of discharged waters in this study revealed that total bacterial count (TBC), and total coliform count (TCC) were significantly high at P ≤ 0.05 in aquacultural wastewater than both LB and AG. Total fecal coliform count (TFC) and total fecal streptococcus (TFS) were determined and showed that AG has significantly high at P ≤ 0.05 comparing to both LB and AQ. No seasonal differences in‐between all indictors values of LB, while AG wastewater values were mostly higher than both AQ and LB water samples with declining attitude between sampling points. In case of TBC, TCC and TFC, the microbial loads of lake water were highly affected by receiving water but in case of TSF, the water shows no affects. Contrary, for discharged waters, both show reduction in count that is meaning of dilution processes. As excessive discharge of raw wastewater may present a risk related to high increased rate of TBC and TCC in lake water annually by 27.8 and 33.0% at 500 m points, respectively.

Whaling is a globally controversial topic, and Faroese drive-style whaling, grindadráp, is no exception. A complex common-pool resource (CPR) institution, viewable from multiple moral, social, economic and political viewpoints, grindadráp is a challenge to assess. Responding to calls to utilise more relationship-centred and multiperspectival approaches to studying CPRs, this article examines grindadráp utilising the theory of socio-cultural viability, which asserts diverse understandings of the world can be classified within a fourfold typology and that 'successful' institutions draw on all four social solidarities in dealing with challenges that arise. The analysis reveals how throughout grindadráp's history its place in Faroese society has been maintained through the enforcement of a largely egalitarian conceptualisation. However, in meeting various challenges around the distribution of meat, sustainability and killing methods, the institution has accepted solutions utilising alternative conceptualisations. It is this adaptability which has allowed grindadráp to remain a popular part of Faroese society, even as dependence on pilot whale meat has declined. The issue of toxins in pilot whale meat is found to be arguably the greatest threat to grindadráp, undermining the egalitarian foundations of the practice, the response to which is something that Faroese society is currently in the process of negotiation.

Policy efforts to reduce fisheries impact have often created micro-management. Detailed regulations are restricting the fishing industry, and are also acknowledged to limit the progress towards sustainable management. Industry representatives, political bodies and scientists have therefore argued for more simplicity and transparency. Here, fisheries management is quantified in terms of trends in regulations for different Swedish fisheries in the Baltic Sea during the period 1995–2009. The results suggest that many fisheries are suffering from increased micro-management, but interestingly some fisheries showing a different trend.

Useful to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in aquaculture, as well as to commercial aquaculturists, aquacultural researchers and aquaculture consultants, this book provides a thorough, but not excessively detailed, fundamental background on selected topics in hydrology and on water supply and water supply systems for pond aquaculture. More detailed than a general textbook, but less detailed than an engineering manual, this book suppplies aquaculturists with information necessary to solve problems and communicate effectively, and it will enlighten engineers about problems encountered in aquaculture projects. Topics include the properties of water, water budgets, water conservation, open-channel flows, water measurement, ground water and wells, pond design, and alternatives to pond aquaculture

Abstract: India possesses huge aquatic resources and offers potential for aquacultural development. Fisheries and aquaculture in India have emerged as a commercial fish farming enterprise from a traditional household fisheries activity over the last six decades, meeting domestic demand and exporting shrimps and seafood products in the international market and earning foreign exchange. Aquaculture growth is characterized by diversification in cultivable fish species and development of different farming practices for carps, catfish and shrimps. Availability of high quality feed and seed, composite fish culture of mainly carps and introduction of exotic fish species, technological development, induced fish breeding, integrated fish farming, marketing and trade factors have led to this growth with government support.

Since 1991, India has been pursuing macroeconomic policies of liberalization and globalization, the main costs of which have fallen on the poorest sections of society. Popular movements of resistance and the positive vision of "gram swaraj." This paper focuses on one such movement, the opposition to the spread of aquacultural enterprises along the southeastern coast of India. The continuities between the values embodied in the concept of "gram swaraj" and the themes of contemporary advocates of alternative patterns of sustainable development are highlighted. The paper concludes by exploring the significance of the linkages established between the grass‐roots movements of resistance in the South India and transnational campaigns and movements.

The new Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) of the European Union was adopted on 11 December 2013. Not only does it reform the fisheries policy governing the European waters, but for the first time in its thirty-year history, international aspects of fisheries management are included in the Basic Regulation. Until now these aspects have been covered by non-legally binding Council Conclusions. The conference Global Trends in Fisheries Governance – Improving Sustainability was organized by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, in Rosenbad Conference Centre, Stockholm 29-30 January 2014, with the aim of analysing the external dimension of the new CFP, and increasing the understanding and interpretation of the policy and its implementation at all different management levels for improved sustainability. The Conference explored possible tools, options, responsibilities and challenges for the implementation of the external dimension of the new CFP. It was funded by the Swedish Ministry of Rural Affairs. It focused on the European Union's bilateral relations with third countries, and the EU as a member of regional fisheries bodies and other relevant international organizations in light of the reformed CFP. The CFP exists in a context of other policies, both within the EU and at a global level. The conference examined various connections with the fisheries policy and recent developments in the UN Convention of the Law of the sea, UNCLOS, the UN Convention of Biodiversity, CBD, and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The conference highlighted the challenges of protecting biodiversity, both within Exclusive Economic Zones and in international waters. Necessary measures that must be taken to safeguard the potential of fish stocks to contribute to long-term food security were also discussed. The sessions followed a keynote adress by Mr Eskil Erlandsson, the Swedish Minister of Rural Affairs. Each session ended with a panel discussion. The sessions adressed the following issues: What ...

National audience ; Farmed fish contributes to nearly 50% of the intake of seafood for human consumption : about 8 kg per capita per annum. Still, in terms of nutrient intake in the diet of humans, the contribution of aquacultural products remains relatively marginal, regardless of the continent. Hence, fish represent less than 2% in the daily average intake of 2,880 calories. As for meeting the annual protein needs of humans (about 23 kg per capita), in some countries, fish indeed contributes up to 50% of the protein of animal origin. In Europe, however, the contribution of aquacultural products is only 7%. Although the nutritional value of fish is well recognized, its actual contribution to supplying the needs in long polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA + DHA, in the order of 3 g/week) is also very low. By 2030, it is estimated that the annual demands will be in the order of 165 million tons of fish, which can only be met by fish farming. For the development or diversification of fish farming, the improvement of the efficiency of utilisation of resources (genetic, dietary, environmental, human, etc.), remains a major challenge. At the national or the European levels, there is a real commitment of the fish farming sector with a close interaction with research, and the progress being made is remarkable. Although endowed with a huge potential, quantitatively, the French and/or the European fish farming sector remains small. There is definitely a need for a strong political will to consolidate the sector. ; Sur le plan mondial, au cours des vingt dernières années, la production annuelle de poissons d'élevage est passée de moins de 9 millions de tonnes à près de 40 millions de tonnes. Pendant la même période, les captures de la pêche dans leur ensemble sont restées stables à environ 75 millions de tonnes. La pisciculture contribue ainsi à près de 50 % de l'apport de poisson à la consommation humaine : près de 8 kg/individu/an. Mais, sur le plan de l'apport nutritionnel dans l'alimentation de l'homme, la contribution ...

AbstractAquaculture in Canada is a small, rapidly-growing high-technology resource sector "caught in a staples vise". On the one hand it is an archetypal case of a new "post-staples" resource industry: combining high capital intensity and sophisticated technology to produce a new, post-staples, version of a classic staple resource – food fish. On the other, it perpetuates many of the same social and economic problems and issues that plagued traditional staples political economies: namely a hinterland location and heavy export reliance. And, as is the case with most intensively farmed technologically- intensive foodstuffs its rise and rivalry with the wild fishery is intense and conflictridden, with much distrust and debate a feature of contemporary aquacultural expansion. This article assesses these contradictory and sometimes conflicting developments in a resource industry for the most part situated in a very uneven transition towards a post-staples political economy.

Meeting the demands expected to be placed on aquaculture this decade and in the next century will be a formidable task. Providing the necessary inputs (ponds, seed, water, information, processing, marketing, etc.) will require an enormous worldwide investment. Deploying those inputs on such a large scale will require an extremely effective planning process and implementation strategy. It is the primary purpose of this book to detail the inputs required and discuss the deployment of those inputs to advance aquaculture worldwide. The author proposes to examine the nature of aquaculture as it affects development, to expand on the importance of advancing aquaculture, and to discuss various aspects of aquacultural development using the general development process in biological systems as a model. Aquaculture is presented as a dynamic ecosystem, a "web" or matrix of interconnected and interdependent physical, chemical, biological, psychological, sociological, economic, and political processes. ; Published

1. The system for price regulation including both financial price support as well as a price regulation fee has been abolished. 2. The weak cod stocks in the Baltic forced the Government to introduce a temporary withdrawal scheme with laying-up premiums. 3. For the first time in Sweden, Parliament passed a law (Act 1993:787) where there was made a separation between professional and non-professional fishery. The difference between the categories is the possession of a fishing licence. Such a person may only use a limited number of gears. As from September 1, 1994 vessels of 5 metres and above may only be used in professional sea fisheries if they have been granted a vessel permit. 4. The year of 1994 was characterized by the adjustment of the market regulation to the EEA-agreement and the negotiations with the Community of a possible Swedish acession. 5. The market situation for herring has continued to be weak. 6. The total volume of fish landed by Swedish vessels increased by 11 percent from 1993 to 1994 and amounted to approximately 375 000 tons. The value of total landings (current prices) increased by 13 percent to a total sum of Skr 837 Million SEK. 7. The aquaculture production was about 7 500 tons an increase by 25 percent from 1993. The value increased to 150 SEK which is about 20 percent more than the year before. 8. Exports of fish and fish products increased by 33 percent in terms of value to 985 Million SEK. It is to be remembered that there was a drop of 20 percent the previous year. Imports increasedby 18 percent in terms of value to about 3 421 Million SEK.

Aquaculture in Canada is a small, rapidly-growing high-technology resource sector "caught in a staples vise". On the one hand it is an archetypal case of a new "post-staples" resource industry: combining high capital intensity and sophisticated technology to produce a new, post-staples, version of a classic staple resource -- food fish. On the other, it perpetuates many of the same social and economic problems and issues that plagued traditional staples political economies: namely a hinterland location and heavy export reliance. And, as is the case with most intensively farmed technologically-intensive foodstuffs its rise and rivalry with the wild fishery is intense and conflict-ridden, with much distrust and debate a feature of contemporary aquacultural expansion. This article assesses these contradictory and sometimes conflicting developments in a resource industry for the most part situated in a very uneven transition towards a post-staples political economy. Adapted from the source document.

Macroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety and consumer protection are the priorities with any new products. Macroalgae products can be sold as traditional herbal medicines. The novel food regulation applies to macroalgae foods that have not previously been used as food, and organic macroalgae are a specific regulatory category. The maximum levels of heavy metals may be a barrier for macroalgae foods, feeds, and fertilizers. Getting health claims approved for foods based on macroalgae is demanding. In addition to the rules on products, the macroalgae business is strongly impacted by the elements of the general regulatory environment such as agricultural/aquacultural subsidies, maritime spatial planning and aquaculture licensing, public procurement criteria, tax schemes, and trade agreements.

Macroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety and consumer protection are the priorities with any new products. Macroalgae products can be sold as traditional herbal medicines. The novel food regulation applies to macroalgae foods that have not previously been used as food, and organic macroalgae are a specific regulatory category. The maximum levels of heavy metals may be a barrier for macroalgae foods, feeds, and fertilizers. Getting health claims approved for foods based on macroalgae is demanding. In addition to the rules on products, the macroalgae business is strongly impacted by the elements of the general regulatory environment such as agricultural/aquacultural subsidies, maritime spatial planning and aquaculture licensing, public procurement criteria, tax schemes, and trade agreements. ; publishedVersion