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This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record ; This study aims to describe and explain disaster-related resiliency from the perspective of older adult survivors through the grounded theory approach. A total of 14 older adults who survived Typhoon Haiyan participated in the study. These participants were chosen through purposive sampling, followed by theoretical sampling, to attain conceptual and theoretical saturation. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, which took place in temporary shelter homes. Grounded disaster-related resiliency theory was generated on the basis of the subcategories and categories that were developed. The post-disaster recovery path can be conceptualized into three categories: (1) participants' perception of strength, (2) self-regulating behavior, and (3) maintaining a positive attitude. These categories provide coping mechanisms that are important in building resiliency following a natural disaster. The results of this study may provide a theoretical framework for the design and implementation of disaster risk protection strategies and policies for local governments at the international level. ; Majmaah University

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted economic activity in numerous sectors due to multiple forms of disruption, including border closures, a stay-at-home policy, and social isolation; the electricity consumption trends in this region will undoubtedly improve. This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on electricity generation and consumption in China during the first two quarters (Q1–Q2) of 2020 and 2021. Furthermore, several governments' perspectives on COVID-19's implications for renewable energy development, notably offshore wind power and solar photovoltaics (PV), were examined. Results of this article show that COVID-19 impacts the power industry. According to the analysis, during the first two quarters of 2020, the amount of electricity generated and consumed by China decreased by 1.4 and 1.3 percent, respectively, the capacity of the power plants increased by 5.3 GW and coal consumption dropped by 3.6 g/kWh. Investments in the power generation sector increased by 51.5 billion yuan and investment in the power grid grew by 0.7 billion. Additionally, new generation capacity decreased by 378 GW during the first two quarters of 2020. During the first two quarters of 2021, electricity consumption and production grew by 13.7 and 16.2 percent, respectively. Power plants' capacity increased by 9.5 GW, while coal consumption for power supply fell by 0.8 g/kWh. The investment in power generation projects increased by 8.9 billion, while investment in power grid projects increased by 4.7 billion. Compared to last year's same period, 14.92 GW of new capacity was installed. Due to lockdown measures, such as studying at home or working at home, domestic power use in the first two quarters of 2020–2021 increased by 6.6 and 4.5 percent, respectively. To minimize COVID-19's impact on renewable energy development and assist in building offshore wind power plants, economic and financial measures have been put in place to reduce the epidemic's effect on solar PV systems.

Food packaging serves purposes of food product safety and easy handling and transport by preventing chemical contamination and enhancing shelf life, which provides convenience for consumers. Various types of materials, including plastics, glass, metals, and papers and their composites, have been used for food packaging. However, owing to consumers' increased health awareness, the significance of transferring harmful materials from packaging materials into foods is of greater concern. This review highlights the interactions of food with packaging materials and elaborates the mechanism, types, and contributing factors of migration of chemical substances from the packaging to foods. Also, various types of chemical migrants from different packaging materials with their possible impacts on food safety and human health are discussed. We conclude with a future outlook based on legislative considerations and ongoing technical contributions to optimization of food–package interactions.

Yousef E Alsaedi,1 Asim A Almalki,2 Rakan D Alqurashi,2 Rami S Altwairqi,3 Daifallah M Almalki,3 Khalid M Alshehri,3 Abdullah A Alamri,4 Khaled A Alswat5 1Public Health Department, Madinah Health Cluster, Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 2School of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 3Diabetes and Endocrine Specialist Center, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 4Endocrinology Department, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Yousef E Alsaedi, Public Health Department, Madinah Health Cluster, P.O. Box 8592, Madinah, 42391, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966597181795, Email dr.y.alsa3di@gmail.comBackground: Diabetes mellitus type II (T2D) is a chronic condition that requires significant change in the family behavior and is associated with psychosocial conflicts for both patients and their family environment. The aim of this study is to assess burnout among relatives caring for patients with T2D.Methods: This cross-sectional study with random sampling was conducted on 501 caregivers of patients with T2D between April and September 2021 at Prince Mansour armed forces hospital in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Data collection tool was a modified version of the caregiver stress self-assessment questionnaire. Data analysis was then carried out using t-test and chi-square test (SPSS v20).Results: The mean patient age was 64.4+12.0 years, female predominant with longstanding T2D. Metformin was the most prescribed T2D medication. The caregivers' mean age was 34.9+12.4 years, male predominant, and around 45% of them report low level of education and income; 63.9% of the caregivers report little to no stress. Compared with caregivers with mild/moderate stress and moderate/severe stress, caregivers with little to no stress were more likely to be younger in age (P 0.05), and patients with higher HDL level (P = 0.037).Conclusion: There were no correlations between the caregivers' levels of stress and the T2D patients' HbA1c levels. There was a significant positive correlation between a caregiver's stress score and the caregiver's age. Future studies are needed to assess other caregivers' parameters and their relation to metabolic control of T2D patients.Keywords: diabetes, burnout, caregiver

To control the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Saudi Arabia's government imposed a strict lockdown during March–July 2020. As a result, the public was confined to indoors, and most of their daily activities were happening in their indoor places, which might have resulted in lower indoor environment quality. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in household dust (n = 40) collected from different residential districts of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the lockdown period. PAHs' levels were two folds higher than the previously reported PAHs in indoor dust from this region. We detected low molecular weight (LMW) with two to four aromatic ring PAHs in all the samples with a significant contribution from Phenanthrene (Phe), present at an average concentration of 1590 ng/g of dust. Although high molecular weight (HMW) (5–6 aromatic ring) PAHs were detected at lower concentrations than LMW PAHs, however, they contributed >90% in the carcinogenic index of PAHs. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of specific PAHs was above the reference dose (RfD) for young children in high-end exposure and the calculated Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) was >1.00 × 10(−4) for both Saudi adults and young children. The study highlighted that indoor pollution has increased significantly during lockdown due to the increased indoor activities and inversely affect human health. This study also warrants to conduct more studies involving different chemicals to understand the indoor environment quality during strict lockdown conditions.